May 2021

PART I BACKGROUND ON kasneb 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.1.1 Legal framework kasneb was inaugurated on 24 July 1969 as a state corporation under the National Treasury. kasneb operates under the following main Acts: The Accountants Act, Cap. 531 of the laws of Kenya which was enacted in July 1977, gave kasneb retroactive recognition since its inception in 1969. The Accountants Act, Cap. 531 was repealed and replaced with the Accountants Act, No. 15 of 2008 which received Presidential assent on 24 December 2008 and took effect from 30 December 2008. The Certified Public Secretaries of Kenya Act (Cap. 534) mandates kasneb as the examining body for the Certified Secretaries (CS) examination. The Investment and Financial Analysts Act, No. 13 of 2015 mandates kasneb as the examining body for the Certified Investment and Financial Analysts (CIFA) examination. 1.1.2 Mandate The mandate of kasneb is the development of syllabuses, conduct of professional, diploma and technician examinations and certification of candidates in accountancy, finance, credit, governance and management, information technology and related disciplines, the promotion of its qualifications nationally and internationally and the accreditation of institutions training in courses examinable by kasneb in liaison with the Ministry in charge of education. 1.1.3 Vision Global leader in examination and certification of business professionals. 1.1.4 Mission Empowering professionals globally by offering quality examinations and undertaking research and innovation. 1.1.5 Core values Integrity. Professionalism. Customer focus. Teamwork. Innovativeness. 1.2 EXAMINATIONS OF kasneb Currently, kasneb offers the following examinations: 1.2.1 Professional examinations Certified Public Accountants (CPA) examination. Certified Secretaries (CS) examination. Certified Information Communication Technologists (CICT) examination. Certified Credit Professionals (CCP) examination. Certified Investment and Financial Analysts (CIFA) examination. 1.2.2 Diploma examinations Accounting Technicians Diploma (ATD) examination. Diploma in Information Communication Technology (DICT) examination. Diploma in Credit Management (DCM) examination. 1.2.3 Certificate examinations Certificate in accounting and management skills (CAMS) examinations 1.3 ACCREDITATION OF TRAINING INSTITUTIONS 1.3.1 Legal mandate to accredit training institutions The mandate to accredit training institutions is derived from Section 17(1) (h) of the Accountants Act, No. 15 of 2008 which empowers kasneb to accredit institutions offering training in courses examinable by kasneb in liaison with the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. 1.3.2 Purpose of accreditation Accreditation is a process broadly aimed at recognising training institutions for the quality and integrity of their training programmes, which entitles them to the confidence of stakeholders including students, parents and guardians, kasneb and the public at large. The process provides an assessment of a training institution’s effectiveness in complying with the accreditation requirements set by kasneb and its continuing efforts to enhance the quality of student learning programmes and services. In particular, accreditation of training institutions by kasneb is intended to: Ensure that the overall quality of education and training for kasneb courses is maintained at a consistently high level. Assure the students and other stakeholders that the training institutions possessed adequate and appropriate human, financial, technological and physical resources and such other facilities necessary to mount the courses efficiently and effectively. Encourage institutional improvement in the quality of training through continuous self-study and evaluation. Promote good governance in the management and administration of training institutions. Provide advice and continuously encourage and support the training institutions to maintain and enhance quality standards in training. The accreditation process will be guided by the tenets of fairness, integrity, confidentiality and professional judgement with a focus on rigorous application of standards and rules. The successful implementation of the accreditation exercise is also premised on a culture of trust between kasneb and the training institution being accredited. The product of accreditation will be a formal and public acknowledgement by kasneb through certification, of a training institution’s continuing capacity to provide effective learning programmes and services based on set standards. 1.3.3 Institutional commitment and responsibilities The effectiveness of the accreditation process will depend on the acceptance by training institutions of certain responsibilities, including involvement in and commitment to the accreditation process. Training institutions are expected to uphold the principle of integrity when providing information to kasneb, disclosing their accreditation status to the public and other parties and generally in all matters relating to their operations and decisions. In this respect, evidence of withholding information, providing inaccurate information to the public, failing to provide timely and accurate information to kasneb, or failing to conduct an accurate and complete self-assessment and other similar practices may be interpreted as lack of full commitment to integrity. Failure of a training institution to fully adhere to the principle of integrity may result into nonconsideration of the institution for accreditation or loss of accreditation. Accredited training institutions or those in the process of being evaluated for accreditation, are expected to notify kasneb of any changes that may affect their accreditation status. Where a training institution modifies or expands its scope in relation to kasneb courses and other programmes offered, changes the nature of its affiliation or its ownership, or merges with another institution, a substantive reassessment may be required. If an institution is unsure as to whether a change is substantive in nature, it should contact kasneb for advice. Training institutions are expected to dedicate themselves to continuously enhance the quality of their teaching, physical facilities and other services available to their students. This calls for institutional commitment to the concept of quality enhancement through continuous assessment and improvement. Training institutions shall ensure that their training programmes are complemented by support structures and resources that allow for the holistic growth and development of their students. Training institutions accredited by kasneb are expected to maintain good working relationships and co-operate with other recognised accrediting bodies and regulatory agencies. Where another recognised accrediting body or regulatory agency revokes its accreditation or recognition respectively, or places the training institution under investigation or probation, then the training institution concerned shall immediately report that action to kasneb. A training institution shall also disclose to kasneb instances where the institution has been denied accreditation status by another accreditation body. Training institutions are expected to extend full co-operation to officers of kasneb or their

INTRODUTION TO ACCOUNTING NATURE OF ACCOUNTING Accounting is defined as the process of identifying, measuring and reporting economic information to the users of this information to permit informed judgment Many businesses carry out transactions. Some of these transactions have a financial implication i.e. either cash is received or paid out. Examples of these transactions include selling goods, buying goods, paying employees and so many others. Accounting is involved with identifying these transactions measuring (attaching a value) and reporting on these transactions. If a firm employs a new staff member then this may not be an accounting transaction. However when the firm pays the employee salary, then this is related to accounting as cash involved. This has an economic impact on the organization and will be recorded for accounting purposes. A process is put in place to collect and record this information; it is then classified and summarized so that it can be reported to the interested parties. ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL NOTES USERS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION Accounting information is produced in form of financial statement. These financial statements provide information about an entity financial position, performance and changes in financial position. Financial position of a firm is what the resources the business has and how much belongs to the owners and others. The financial performance reflects how the business has performed, whether it has made profits or losses. Changes in financial positions determine whether the resources have increased or reduced. The users of accounting information have an interest in the existence of the firm. Therefore the information contained in the financial statements will affect the decision making process.   The following are the users of accounting information: Owners: They have invested in the business and examples of such owners include sole traders, partners (partnerships) and shareholders (company). They would like to have information on the financial performance, financial position and changes in financial position. This information will enable them to assess how the managers of the business are performing whether the business is profitable or not and whether to make drawings or put in additional capital.   Customers Customers rely on the business for goods and services. They would like to know how the business is performing and its financial position. This information would enable them to assess whether they can rely on the firm for future supplies.   Suppliers They supply goods or services to the firm. The supplies are either for cash or credit. The suppliers would like to have information on the financial performance and position so as to assess whether the business would be able to pay up for the goods and services provided as and when the payments falls due.   Managers The managers are involved in the day-to-day activities of the business. They would like to have information on the financial position, performance and changes in financial position so as to determine whether the business is operating as per the plans. In case the plan is not achieved then the managers come up with appropriate measures (controls) to ensure that the set plans are met.   The Lenders They have provided loans and others sources of capital to the business. Such lenders include banks and other financial institutions. They would like to have information on the financial performance and position of the business to assess whether the business is profitable enough to pay the interest on loans and whether it has enough resources to pay back the principal amount when it is due.   The Government and its agencies The Government is interested in the financial performance of the business to be able to assess the tax to be collected in the case there are any profits made by the business. The other government agencies are interested with the financial position and performance of the business to be able to come with National Statistics. This statistics measure the average performance of the economy. ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL NOTES The Financial Analyst and Advisors Financial analyst and advisors interpret the financial information. Examples include stockbrokers who advise investors on shares to buy in the stock market and other professional consultants like accountants. They are interested with the financial position and performance of the firm so that they can advise their clients on how much is the value their investment i.e. whether it is profitable or not and what is the value. Others advisors would include the press who will then pass the information to other relevant users.   The Employees They work for the business/entity. They would like to have information on the financial position and performance so as to make decisions on their terms of employment. This information would be important as they can use it to negotiate for better terms including salaries, training and other benefits. They can also use it to assess whether the firm is financially sound and therefore their jobs are secure.   The Public Institutions and other welfare associations and groups represent the public. They are interested with the financial performance of the firm. This information will be important for them to assess how socially responsible is the firm. This responsibility is in form the employment opportunities the firm offers, charitable activities and the effect of firm’s activities on the environment.   THE ACCOUNTING EQUATION A business owns properties. These properties are called assets. The assets are the business resources that enable it to trade and carry out trading. They are financed or funded by the owners of the business who put in funds. These funds, including assets that the owner may put is called capital. Other persons who are not owners of the firm may also finance assets. Funds from these sources are called liabilities. The total assets must be equal to the total funding i.e. both from owners and non-owners. This is expressed inform of accounting equation which is stated as follows:   ASSETS = LIABILITIES + CAPITAL   Each item in this equation is briefly explained below. Assets: An asset is a resource controlled by a business

INTRODUCTION DEFITION Public relations (PR) is a form of communication that involve creating understanding through knowledge and effecting change in commercial ,non commercial, private and public sector Public relations (PR) refer to all forms of planned communication within and outside the organization for the purpose of achieving specific objectives and common understanding PR DISTINGUISHED FROM COMMUNICATION RELATED FIELD 1.HOW PR DIFFER FROM ADVERTISING PR is not a form of advertising because it is much wider that advertising Pr relates to all communication of total organization while advertising is limited to product or service being sold Pr is not free advertising because it is time consuming and time is money. Money can be inform of staff salaries, equipment used in processing information etc. Advertising may not be used by all organization but every organization is involved in public relation.\ Pr involves everyone while advertising is limited to special buying tasks e.g promoting goods and services. 2.PR DISTINGUISHED FROM MARKETING Marketing is management function  responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably while pr is not profit oriented but aim at creation of awareness through provision of  information . 3.PR DISTINGUISHED FROM SALES PROMOTION. Sales promotion consist s of short-term incentive schemes usually at point of sale in order to facilitate more sales. it brings producer more closer to consumer  due to closer contact than pr. 4.PR DISTINGUISHED FROM PROPAGANDA Propaganda is a means of communication which might be true or false and its aim is gaining support for an opinion. Propaganda might be biased, lack evidence, full of self praise, false while PR information is based on facts ,evidence ,its unbiased, information is from reliable source, information is true etc. 5.PUBLIC RELATION DISTINGUISHED FROM   PUBLICITY Publicity is opposite of secret meaning the information is known by the public i.e a bigger number  but public relation is wider than publicity because it involves everyone. PUBLIC RELATION PRACTICES /APPLICATION AREA. Informing the citizens about the government policies, achievement and challenges Institution communicate the services they offer to the public. Promotional opportunity –to inform the public of changes in organization activities which call for public relation to make wider publicity. Competation-pris used to overcome resistance. Catastrphe-Announcements of any unfavourable issues . Controversy-To eliminate the contradicting conditions in between organization and the public and create clarity of misleading information. 7,Pr is taught as a subject in institutions for higher learning to equip the students on healthy interaction within and outside the workplace. ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATION IN SALES AND MARKETING Pr helps in launching new products through advertising Promotes good customer relation when dealing with customers Promotes good corporate image when good things are said about the organization which complements the success of sales and marketing. Pr increase customer knowledge about the product through provision of product information i.e place promotion ,price etc Pr widens the product awareness because its wider than sales and marketing. REASONS WHY PROPAGANDA IS SUCCESSFUL TOOL IN PR 1.Message spreads quickly 2.Not costly because its free i.e you don’t hire people to pass the information 3.Message is flexible to adjust 4Gains wide attention from the audience ASSIGHMENT 1.USING RELEVANT EXAMPLES  EXPLAIN EVOLUTION OF PR   HUMAN RELATION Def 1. Hr is a discipline within resource management which addresses interpersonal behavior within the workplace. 2.is study of group of people for the purpose of improving interpersonal relationship among employees and their public at large. COMPONENTS OF HUMAN RELATIONS 1Good communication 2.Good listening and understanding others 3.Respecting others 4.Serving others 5.Motivation POSITIVE QUALITIES OF HUMAN RELATION 1.Being honest-Employees and customers should be true to their duties. 2.Hardworking-Emloyees should be committed to their duties so as to achieve organization  goals. 3.Fairness-Employees should be able to serve without  discrimination 4.Creative-should be able to discover new and better ways of doing things so as to contribute to organization programmes. 5.Competent-Any employee should be competent both at place of work   and social  life. 6.Ability to relate with different types of people in a professional manner. MANAGING DIFFICULT PEOPLE  IN AN ORGANIZATION. Involves ways which facilitate togetherness in entire organization including those who are rebellious. Involving them in decision making process so that their opinion could be debated also. Assigning them leadership tusks in area of work though depending on qualification. Outlining organization  core mission and vision which acts as their guiding principle in their work. Involving them in personal dialogue with their seniors so as to identify their problem and solution. Punishing the wrong doers depending on organization activity though a rare case but a common means is use of apology. OBJECTIVES OF GOOD HUMAN RELATION. Satisfying employee needs as well as organizational objectives. Promoting employee motivation and workplace morale through involving them in decision making and effective communication. To strengthen and appreciate human effort by providing training and developments. Promoting job satisfaction through provision of good working condition ,fair wages and salary, good communication etc To promote  togetherness and easy achievement of organization goals in addition to minimal supervision . To provide fair and acceptable leadership. To facilitate easy conflict resolution within the organization and the customers which promotes good image of the organization to the public. CHALLEGES FACING HUMAN RELATION. Globalization-increasing international competition  is changing the way organization do their work hence a challenge to employers to update to the changes which may be expensive. Unemployment-due to adoption to changes in technology e.g use of ATM, Computers etc. Innovation is hindered due to use of machines. Inadequate resources hence making it hard to satisfy employee requirements. Stiff competation from their rivals. PUBLIC RELATION DEPARTMENT. Internal or external  pr department may be small or large depending on; 1.The size of the organization 2.The value placed  on pr by management. 3.Financial position of the organization 4.The nature of the activities undertaken by organization. i.e The possible staffs in pr department include pr manager, assistant prmanager, photographers, print and publication officers etc. PUBLIC RELATION MANAGER Refer  to the chief executive officer who manages the company public relation.   DUTIES/RESPONSIBILITIES 1.To advice  management on communication problems,

TOPIC 1 INTRODUCTION TO LAW TOPIC 2 INTRODUCTION TO LABOUR LAW AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS TOPIC 3 CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT THEORY TOPIC 4 LAWS RELATING TO TRADE DISPUTES TOPIC 5INDUSTRIAL COURT TOPIC 6 LAWS RELATING TO TRADE UNIONS TOPIC 7 LAW RELATING TO HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK TOPIC 8 LAWS RELATING TO TRAINING OF WORKERS TOPIC 9 WORKMAN’S COMPENSATION ACT (LAWS OF KENYA) TOPIC 10 LAWS RELATING TO REMUNERATION OF WORKERS TOPIC 11 EMERGING ISSUES AND TRENDS IN LABOUR LAW AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Need these notes in PDF for reading when offline and printing? Click link below LABOUR AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS NOTES  

CPA SECTION 1 Financial Accounting May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Business Law May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Entrepreneurship and Communication May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view CPA SECTION 2 Economics May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Management Accounting May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Public Finance and Taxation  May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view   CPA SECTION 3 Company Law May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Financial Management May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Financial Reporting May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view   CPA SECTION 4 Auditing and Assurance May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Management Information Systems May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Quantitative analysis May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view CPA SECTION 5 Strategy, Governance and Ethics May 2021  Past Paper pdf – Click to view Advanced Management Accounting May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Advanced Financial Management May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view   CPA SECTION 6 Advanced Public Finance and Taxation May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Advanced Auditing And Assurance May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view Advanced Financial Reporting May 2021 Past Paper pdf – Click to view   Answers and Solutions to these past papers are coming up soon

Advanced auditing and Assurance May 2021   ADVANCED AUDITING AND ASSURANCE MAY 2021 PAST PAPER PDF

Advanced Financial Management May 2021   ADVANCED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MAY 2021 PAST PAPER PDF

Advanced Financial Reporting May 2021   ADVANCED FINANCIAL REPORTING MAY 2021 PAST PAPER PDF

Advanced Management Accounting May 2021   ADVANCED MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING MAY 2021 PAST PAPER PDF

Advanced Public Finance and Taxation May 2021   ADVANCED PUBLIC FINANCE AND TAXATION MAY 2021 PAST PAPER PDF

Auditing and Assurance may 2021   AUDITING AND ASSURANCE MAY 2021 PAST PAPER PDF

Business Law May 2021       BUSINESS LAW MAY 2021 PAST PAPER PDF