September 21, 2021

Below is sample of QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS STUDY NOTES as per July 2021 syllabus You can buy using our APP or in HARD COPY For enquiries: Call, Text or WhatsApp 0728 776 317  [tnc-pdf-viewer-iframe file=”https://knecnotes.co.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/QA-Sample-Notes.pdf” width=”100%” height=”800″ download=”false” print=”false” fullscreen=”false” share=”true” zoom=”true” open=”false” pagenav=”true” logo=”true” find=”true” current_view=”true” rotate=”true” handtool=”true” doc_prop=”true” toggle_menu=”true” toggle_left=”true” scroll=”true” spread=”true” default_scroll=”0″ default_spread=”0″ language=”en-US” page=”” default_zoom=”auto” pagemode=”none” iframe_title=””]   TOPIC 1 FUNCTIONS Functions are often representatives of real phenomena or events. Functions therefore are models. Obtaining a function to act as a model is commonly the key to understanding business in many areas. Functions may be represented by formulae. There are a number of common ways in which functions are presented and used. We shall consider functions given by formulae, since this provides a natural context for explaining how a function works. Functions of one variable If you get a job that pays Ksh 200 per hour, the amount of money M that you earn depends on the number of hours (h) that you work, and the relationship is given by a simple function: The formula M=200h shows that the money M that you earn depends on the number of hours worked. We say that M is a function of h. In this context, h is a variable whose value we may not know until the end of the week. Once the value of h is known, the formula M=200h can be used to calculate the value of M. To emphasise that M is a function of h, it is common to write M=M(h),so that M(h)=700h. Example 1 if you work 30 hours, then the function M(30) is the money you would earn. To calculate the amount earned, you need to replace the formula by 30. Thus, M = M(30) = 700×30 = sh. 21,000. Note: It is important to remember that h is measured in hours and M is measured given is Kenya shillings. The function/formula is not useful unless you state in words the units you are using. We would also use different letters or symbols for the variables. Whatever letter/symbol used, it is critical that you explain in word what they mean. Functional notation and substitution We normally write functions as f(x) and read as “function f of x”. We could use other letters such as g, p, H or h and write the function of x as g(x), p(x), H(x) or h(x). Given f(x) = 3x +5, the value of this function f(x) when x=0 is written as f(0). The values are obtained by substituting. Example 2 a) Given f(x) = 3x + 5, find i) f(0), ii) f(2) and iii) f(-2). b) Given that h(x) =2×2 +5x +3, find i) h(0). ii) h(-2) and iii) h(3). c) Given that G(t) = 2 +3t – 5t2 +t3, find i) g(-1) and g(2). d) If h(x) = 5 – 2x, find the value of x for which the function is zero.   Solution: a) i) f(0) =3(0) + 5 = 0 + 5 = 5 ii) f(2) =3(2)+5 = 6 + 5=11 iii) f(-2) = 3(-2) + 5 = -6 +5 = -1   b) i) h(0) = 2(0)2+ 5(0)+3 = 3 ii) h(-2) = 2(-2)2 + 5(-2) +3 =1 iii)  h(3) = 2(3)2+ 5(3)+3 = 36   c) i) G(-1) = 2+3(-1)-5(-1)2-2(-1)3 = -4 ii) G(2) = 2+3(2) – 5(2)2 – 2(2)3 = -28   d) h(x) = 5-2x = 0 -2x = – 5 x = 2.5   Example 2. 3   a) If f(x) = 5x -3. find f(x+2). b) If y = g(x) = 3x – 7. find g(y) in terms of x. Subscribe to access full content

Below is sample of INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY STUDY TEXT as per July 2021 syllabus You can buy using our APP or in HARD COPY For enquiries, Call, Text or WhatsApp 0728 776 317  ICT sample notes[tnc-pdf-viewer-iframe file=”https://knecnotes.co.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/ICT-sample-notes.pdf” width=”100%” height=”800″ download=”false” print=”false” fullscreen=”false” share=”true” zoom=”false” open=”false” pagenav=”true” logo=”true” find=”true” current_view=”true” rotate=”true” handtool=”true” doc_prop=”true” toggle_menu=”true” toggle_left=”true” scroll=”true” spread=”true” default_scroll=”0″ default_spread=”0″ language=”en-US” page=”” default_zoom=”auto” pagemode=”none” iframe_title=””]   What is ICT? ICT is the short form of three basic terms — Information, Communication and Technology. The representation of data in a meaningful way is called Information. The term Communication may be referred as imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium while Technology refers to methods, systems and devices, which are a result of scientific knowledge, being used for practical purposes. Information and communications technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT). It is a more extensive term (i.e. more broad in scope) that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. However, ICT has no universal definition, as “the concepts, methods and applications involved in ICT are constantly evolving on an almost daily basis.” The broadness of ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information electronically in a digital form, e.g. personal computers, digital television, email, robots. Information technology Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, engineering, healthcare, e-commerce and computer services Components of ICT Technological change is becoming a driving force in our society. Information technology is a generic term used for a group of technologies. James William (1982) has identified the following six major new technologies as most relevant in modern library and information system. Processor, memory and input/output channels, Mini and Large scale computers, Mass storage technologies, Data communication, networking and distributed processing, Data entry, display respond, and Software These technologies can also be grouped into three major areas: Computer Technology, Communication Technology and Reprographic, Micrographic and Printing Technologies   Computer Technology The wide spread use of computer technology has made dramatic developments in the information transmission process in very field of human life. Highly sophisticated information services ranging from elaborate abstracting and indexing services to computerized data bases in almost all scientific disciplines are in wide use all over the world. The current developments in computer technology include mini computers, microcomputers, personnel computers, portable computers, super computers, speaking computer with IQS, microchip technology, artificial intelligence, software developments, C-ROM technology, machine-readable database, etc.   Communication Technology Audio Technology Due to tremendous improvements and inventions, older gramophone records are now dwindling and much sophisticated cassettes and tape records are emerging. The outmoded AM (Amplitude Modulated) radio receivers are being received by the modern FM (Frequency Modulation) receivers. Thus, the new audio technology can be used in libraries and information centers for a wide variety of, recreation, etc. Audio-Visual Technology Motion pictures, Television, Videodisc are the main contributions of this technology. Videodisc is a new medium containing prerecorded information, which allows the user to reproduce this information in the form of images on the screen of a television receiver at, will. Videodisc technology offers high quality storage, image stability and speed of recall. Facsimile Transmissions (Fax) Facsimile transmission has been boosted by the adoption of methods of data compression made possible by compact, reliable and inexpensive electronics. During the initial stages, the average speed of facsimile transmission was found to be 3.4 minutes per page. This technology was slow and it was replaced by micro facsimile. Satellite communication and fiber optics have increased the potential of facsimile transmission. Electronic Mail E-mail is the electronic transmission and receiving of messages, information, data files, letters or documents by means of point-to-point systems or computer-based messages system. Reprographic, Micrographic and Printing Technologies The technology of reprography made a big impact on the document delivery system. Most of the research libraries have reprographic machines and provide photocopy of any document on demand. Using reprographic and micrographic techniques, we can condense the bulky archives and newspapers and solve the storage problems. They also serve the purpose of preservation. They help in resource sharing and save the time of users.   Micro Forms Microforms is a term for all type of micro-documents whether they are transparent or opaque or in roll or sheet form. The verities of microforms are microfilm, microfiche, ultra fiche, micro opaque, cards, computer about microfiche / micro film (COM). Roll-film (microfilm) It is a continuous strip of film with images arranged in sequence. It is available in 100 feet roll with 35mm width. Microfiche It is flat film having large number of images arranged in rows and columns. Standard sized microfiche of 4×6 inches accommodated 98 pages. Printing Technology Thousands of years ago, people recognized the necessity of keeping records of their daily activities. Paper was invented and the art of writing and record keeping came to be defined. At present, lasers and computers have entered the field of printing. Computer printers are three categories; line printers, dot matrix printer, and laser printers. Laser printers are popular today. ICT SYSTEM An ICT system