March 20, 2022

BIT 1104  COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KCA Past Paper BIT 1105  INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY KCA Past Paper BIT 1106  COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE KCA Past Paper BIT 1107  INTERNET TECHNOLOGY KCA Past Paper BIT 1108  BUSINESS COMMUNICATION KCA Past Paper BIT 1201  CALCULUS KCA Past Paper BIT 1202  DIGITAL ELECTRONICS KCA Past Paper BIT 1203  WEB DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 1204  FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 1205  SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN KCA Past Paper BIT 1206  DISCRETE MATHEMATICS KCA Past Paper BIT 1301 PROBABILTY AND STATISTICS KCA Past Paper BIT 1302  OPERATING SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 1303 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE I KCA Past Paper BIT 1304  PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY KCA Past Paper BIT 1305  COMPUTER NETWORKS KCA Past Paper BIT 1306  ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 1307  DEVELOPMENT STUDIES AND SOCIAL ETHICS KCA Past Paper BIT 1308  GENERAL ECONOMICS KCA Past Paper BIT 2101  ETHICAL, LEGAL AND PROFFESIONAL ISSUES IN IT KCA Past Paper BIT 2102  DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS KCA Past Paper BIT 2103  PRINCIPLES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE KCA Past Paper BIT 2104  DATABASE SYSTEMS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 2105  APPLICATION PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT 2106  SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES KCA Past Paper BIT 2107  OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN KCA Past Paper BIT 2108  OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING I KCA Past Paper BIT 2201  SIMULATION AND MODELLING KCA Past Paper BIT 2202  INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 2203  STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 2204  OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING II KCA Past Paper BIT 2205  NETWORK SYSTEM ADMINSTRATION KCA Past Paper BIT 2207  OPERATIONS RESEARCH KCA Past Paper BIT 2208  PRINCIPLES OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS KCA Past Paper BIT 2301  RESEARCH METHODOLOGY KCA Past Paper BIT 2302  E- COMMERCE II KCA Past Paper BIT 2303  DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 2304  COMPUTER GRAPHICS KCA Past Paper BIT 2305  ICT PROJECT MANAGEMENT EXAMINATION KCA Past Paper BIT 2306  ENTREPRENEURSHIP KCA Past Paper BIT 2308  HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION KCA Past Paper BIT 3101  LEADERSHIP AND TEAM BUILDING KCA Past Paper BIT 3102  INFORMATION SYSYTEMS SECURITY  CRYPTOGRAPHY KCA Past Paper BIT 3103  FOUNDATION LEARNING AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 3104  COMPILER CONSTRUCTION KCA Past Paper BIT 3105  NETWORK PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT 3106  INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 3201  INFORMATION SYSTEMS AUDIT KCA Past Paper BIT 3202  MARKETING MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 3203  PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 3204  BUSINESS PROCESS RE-ENGINEERING KCA Past Paper BIT 4201 ADVANCED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING KCA Past Paper BIT 4202  ADVANCED APPLICATION PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT 4204   DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING KCA Past Paper BIT 4205  BIOMETRICS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING KCA Past Paper BIT 4302 TELECOMMUNICATIONS KCA Past Paper BIT 4303  ADVANCED WEB DESIGN  DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 4304  DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 4306  DISTRIBUTED DATABASES KCA Past Paper BIT 4306 DISTRIBUTED DATABASES KCA Past Paper BIT2307  GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT4301  ADVANCED OPERATING SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 1101 LINEAR ALGEBRA KCA Past Paper BIT 1102  FOUNDATION PHYSICS FOR IT KCA Past Paper BIT 1103  BASIC ELECTRICITY KCA Past Paper

BIT 2104 DATABASE SYSTEMS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 2105 APPLICATION PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT 2106 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES KCA Past Paper BIT 2107 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN KCA Past Paper BIT 2108 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 1 KCA Past Paper BIT 2201  SIMULATION AND MODELLING KCA Past Paper BIT 2202 INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 2203 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 2204 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT 2205 NETWORK SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATION KCA Past Paper BIT 2207 OPERATIONS RESEARCH KCA Past Paper BIT 2208 PRINCIPLES OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS KCA Past Paper BIT 2301 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY KCA Past Paper BIT 2302 E-COMMERCE II KCA Past Paper BIT 2303 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 2304 COMPUTER GRAPHICS KCA Past Paper BIT 2305 ICT PROJECT MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 2306 ENTREPRENEURSHIP KCA Past Paper BIT 2307 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 2308 HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION KCA Past Paper BIT 3101 LEADERSHIP AND TEAM BUILDING KCA Past Paper BIT 3102 INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY KCA Past Paper BIT 3103 FOUNDATIONS OF LEARNING AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 3105 NETWORK PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT 3106 INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 3202 MARKETING MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 3204 BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING KCA Past Paper BIT 4201 ADVANCED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING KCA Past Paper BIT 4202 ADVANCED APPLICATION PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT 4204 DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING KCA Past Paper BIT 4205 BIOMETRICS SYSTEM ENGINEERING KCA Past Paper BIT 4302 TELECOMMUNICATIONS KCA Past Paper BIT 4303 ADVANCED WEB DESIGN KCA Past Paper BIT 4304 DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT3104 COMPILER CONSTRUCTION KCA Past Paper BIT3203 PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT4306 DISTRIBUTED DATABASES KCA Past Paper MAT 101  ALGEBRA AND BUSINESS MATHEMATICS KCA Past Paper MAT 102  GEOMETRY KCA Past Paper MAT 103 CALCULUS KCA Past Paper MAT 104 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS KCA Past Paper MAT 105 GRAPHS KCA Past Paper BIT 320 INFORMATION SYSTEMS AUDIT KCA Past Paper BIT 1104 BUSINESS COMUNIATION SKILLS KCA Past Paper BIT 1107 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY KCA Past Paper BIT 1109 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION  APPLICATIONS KCA Past Paper BIT 1110 MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENCE KCA Past Paper BIT 1203 WEB DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 1204 FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 1206 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS KCA Past Paper BIT 1207 DATABASE SYSTEMS PRINCIPLES KCA Past Paper BIT 1302 OPERATING SYSTEM KCA Past Paper BIT 1304 PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY KCA Past Paper BIT 1305 COMPUTER NETWORKS KCA Past Paper BIT 1307 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES KCA Past Paper BIT 1308 GENERAL ECONOMICS KCA Past Paper BIT 2101 ETHICAL, LEGAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN IT KCA Past Paper BIT 2102 DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS KCA Past Paper BIT 2103 PRINCIPLES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE KCA Past Paper

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BBIT 103 BIT 1305  COMPUTER NETWORKS KCA Past Paper BBIT 103 BIT 1305 COMPUTER NETWORKS KCA Past Paper BBIT 103 COMPUTER NETWORKS AND MANAGEMENT – DISTANCE LEARNING KCA Past Paper BBIT 105 PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY- DISTANCE LEANING KCA Past Paper BBIT 106  DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHIMS – DISTANCE LEARNING KCA Past Paper BBIT 201 INTERNET APPLICATION PROGRAMMING- distance learning KCA Past Paper BBIT 201 INTERNET APPLICATION PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BBIT 202 BUSINESS INFORMATION STRATEGY KCA Past Paper BBIT 207 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES KCA Past Paper BBIT 304  E-BUSINESS MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BBT 207 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY KCA Past Paper BCU 102 FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICS – DISTANCE LEARNING KCA Past Paper BIT 1102  INTERNET TECHNOLOGY – DISTANCE LEARNING  KCA Past Paper BIT 1102 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY KCA Past Paper BIT 1104 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION SKILLS KCA Past Paper BIT 1106A OPERATING SYSTEM KCA Past Paper BIT 1109 BBIT 102 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION  ARCHITECTURE KCA Past Paper BIT 1110 MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENCE KCA Past Paper BIT 1203  WEB DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 1204 FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIATINAL MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 1205  SYSTEMS ANALYSIS  DESIGN KCA Past Paper BIT 1207 BBIT 202  PRINCIPLES OF DATABASE DESIGN  KCA Past Paper BIT 1207A DATABASE SYSTEMS PRINCIPLES KCA Past Paper BIT 1302A ELECTRONIC COMMERCE KCA Past Paper BIT 1303  BUSS 208  ELECTRONIC COMMERCE  KCA Past Paper BIT 1303A BBIT 105 PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY KCA Past Paper BIT 1304 PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY KCA Past Paper BIT 1309 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR IT DISTANCE LEARNING KCA Past Paper BIT 1309 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR IT KCA Past Paper BIT 2102 BIT 3101A BBIT 106 DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS- DISTANCE LEARNING KCA Past Paper BIT 2102 BIT 3101A BBIT 106 DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS KCA Past Paper BIT 2103 BBIT 200  PRINCIPLES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE KCA Past Paper BIT 2105 APPLICATION PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT 2106  SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES EXAMINATION(1) KCA Past Paper BIT 2107 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS  DESIGN KCA Past Paper BIT 2109 PROFESSIONAL  ISSUES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DISTANCE LEARNING KCA Past Paper BIT 2109 PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN IT KCA Past Paper BIT 2201 SIMULATION AND MODELING KCA Past Paper BIT 2203 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM KCA Past Paper BIT 2203 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS DAY KCA Past Paper BIT 2204A JAVA PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT 2209 RESEARCH SKILLS AND DESIGN KCA Past Paper BIT 2209 RESEARCH SKILLS KCA Past Paper BIT 2303 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS  DAY KCA Past Paper BIT 2303 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 2304 COMPUTER GRAPHICS KCA Past Paper BIT 2305 BBIT 204  ICT PROJECT MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 2306 ENTREPRENEURSHIP KCA Past Paper BIT 2307 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM KCA Past Paper BIT 2308 HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION KCA Past Paper BIT 2311 NETWORK SYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 2311 NETWORKS SYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 3102 INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY DISTANCE LEARNING KCA Past Paper BIT 3102 INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY KCA Past Paper BIT 3105NETWORK PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT 3107 WIRELESS NETWORKS TECHNOLOGIES KCA Past Paper BIT 3111 END-USER COMPUTING KCA Past Paper BIT 3201A DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING KCA Past Paper BIT 3202A DISTRIBUTED DATABASES KCA Past Paper BIT 3204  DISTRIBUTED MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT 3209 MOBILE PROGRAMMING  (WEEKEND) KCA Past Paper BIT 3209 MOBILE PROGRAMMING (D+E) KCA Past Paper BIT 4204  DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING KCA Past Paper BIT 4302 TELECOMMUNICATIONS DISTANCE LEARNING KCA Past Paper BIT 4302 TELECOMMUNICATIONS KCA Past Paper BIT 4303  ADVANCED WEB DESIGN KCA Past Paper BIT 4303 ADVANCED WEB DESIGN  DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 4401  KNOWLEDGE BASED MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 4401 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BIT 4405 EXPERT SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper BIT1301 BUSS 202 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS KCA Past Paper BIT1301 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS KCA Past Paper BIT1302 BUSS209 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE – DISTANCE LEARNING KCA Past Paper BIT2108 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BIT2204  JAVA PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper BUSS 105 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BUSS 105 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BUSS 201 BIT 4401 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT KCA Past Paper BBIT 100 CMS 103 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE – DISTANCE LEARNING KCA Past Paper BBIT 102 COMPUTER ORGANISATION  ARCHITECTURE – DISTNCE LEARNING  WEEKEND KCA Past Paper BBIT 102 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION   ARCHITECTURE KCA Past Paper BBIT 102 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION  ARCHITECTURE KCA Past Paper

The main difference between qualitative and quantitative risk assessment is that the former uses a relative or descriptive scale to measure the probability of occurrence whereas quantitative analysis uses a numerical scale. For example, a qualitative analysis would use a scale of “Low, Medium, High” to indicate the likelihood of a risk event occurring. A quantitative analysis will determine the probability of each risk event occurring. For example, Risk #1 has an 80% chance of occurring; Risk #2 has a 27% chance of occurring, and so on.

A HAZOP study identifies hazards and operability problems. The concept involves investigating how the plant might deviate from the design intent. If, in the process of identifying problems during a HAZOP study, a solution becomes apparent, it is recorded as part of the HAZOP result; however, care must be taken to avoid trying to find solutions which are not so apparent, because the prime objective for the HAZOP is problem identification. HAZOP is based on the principle that several experts with different backgrounds can interact and identify more problems when working together than when working separately and combining their results. The process is systematic and it is helpful to define the terms that are used: The Concept The HAZOP concept is to review the plant in a series of meetings, during which a multidisciplinary team methodically ―brainstorms‖ the plant design, following the structure provided by the guide words and the team leader’s experience. The team focuses on specific points of the design (called “study nodes”), one at a time. At each of these study nodes, deviations in the process parameters are examined using the guide words. The guide words are used to ensure that the design is explored in every conceivable way. Thus the team must identify a fairly large number of deviations, each of which must then be considered so that their potential causes and consequences can be identified. The best time to conduct a HAZOP is when the design is fairly firm. There is a natural relationship between the HAZOP deviation approach and the usual control system design philosophy of driving deviations to zero; thus it is very effective to examine a plant as soon as the control system redesign is firm. The success or failure of the HAZOP depends on several factors: The completeness and accuracy of drawings and other data used as a basis for the study The technical skills and insights of the team The ability of the team to use the approach as an aid to their imagination in visualizing deviations, causes, and consequences The ability of the team to concentrate on the more serious hazards which are identified. Steps in conducting a HAZOP Define the purpose, objectives, and scope of the study Select the team Prepare for the study Carry out the team review Record the results. It is important to recognize that some of these steps can take place at the same time. For example, the team reviews the design, records the findings, and follows up on the findings continuously. Each step is discussed below as a separate item. Define the Purpose, Objectives, and Scope of the Study The purpose, objectives, and scope of the study should be made as explicit as possible. These objectives are normally set by the person responsible for the plant or project, assisted by the HAZOP study leader (perhaps the plant or corporate safety officer). It is important that this interaction take place to provide the proper authority to the study and to ensure that the study is focused. Also, even though the general objective is to identify hazards and operability problems, the team should focus on the underlying purpose or reason for the study. Examples of reasons for a study might be to: Check the safety of a design Decide whether and where to build Develop a list of questions to ask a supplier Check operating/safety procedures Improve the safety of an existing facility Verify that safety instrumentation is reacting to best parameters. It is also important to define what specific consequences are to be considered: Employee safety (in plant or neighboring research center) Loss of plant or equipment Loss of production (lose competitive edge in market) Liability Insurability Public safety Environmental impacts.

Risk assessment is the appraisal of probability and significance of identified potential risk events. It means asking how likely is it and how bad will it be if certain risk events happen. Risk is quantified using the formulae: Risk = Likelihood x Impact (Probability) (Averse consequences) Vulnerability Assessment Is the process designed to identify, quantify and prioritize areas in which a system, supply chain organization is particularly open to risk or attack. Stages of Vulnerability Assessment 1. Listing and Cataloguing the risk sources in a given system. 2. Assigning a quantifiable value, score, rank, order of importance to them. 3. Identify the vulnerabilities to each source. 4. Planning to instigate or eliminate the most serious vulnerabilities for the most valuable resources.

When auditing computerized information systems, it will be found that much reliance is placed within the system upon standard forms and documentation in general, as well as upon strict adherence to procedures laid down. This is no surprise, of course, since the ultimate constraining factor in the system is the computers own capability and all users are competitors for its time. It is therefore important that an audit control file be built as part of working papers and the auditor must that he is on the distribution list for notifications of all new procedures, documents and system changes in general. The following should be included in the control file; Copies of all the forms which source documents might take and details of the checks that have been carried out to ensure their accuracy. Details of physical controls over source documents as well as of the nature of any control totals of numbers, quantities or values including the names of persons keeping these controls. Full description of how the source documents are to be converted into input media and the checking of control procedures. A detailed account of the clerical, procedural and systems development controls contained in the system. E.g. separation of programs from operators and separation of controls over assets from records relating to the assets. The arrangements for retaining source documents and input media for suitable periods. This is of great importance as they may be required for reconstructing stored files in event of error or mishap. A detailed flow diagram of what takes place during each routine processing run. Details of all tapes and discs in use including their layout, labelling, storage and retention arrangements. Copies of all the forms which output documents might take and details of their sorting and checking. The auditor‘s comments on the effectiveness of the controls.

In the selection of representative or randomly chosen transactions or items for audit tests. The scrutiny of files and selection of exceptional items for testing. E.g. On wages payments over Shs.1000 or all stock items worth more than Shs.100,000 in total. Comparison of two files and printing out the difference. E.g. payrolls at two selected dates. Preparing exception reports. E.g. overdue debts. Stratification of data such as stock items or debtors with a view to examine only the material items. Carrying out detailed tests and calculations. Verifying data such as stock or fixed assets at the interim stage and then comparing the examined file with the end file so that only changed items need to be examined at the final audit.