March 25, 2022

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT/ MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DATA COMMUNICATIONS MDCN5306 MISM5202 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES DATE: APRIL 2019 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One & ANY OTHER TWO questions. QUESTION ONE (20 MARKS) a) Case Study “External systems integration refers to IT-mediated transactions between independent business entities, for example, between a company and its customers, suppliers, or other business partners, such as co-producers and banks, and it is important for both economic and strategic business reasons. Today external systems integration involves many technologies and business arrangements with different pros and cons, but they can be grouped in two broad categories: one-to-one or one-to-many approaches that link an individual company with its business partners and hub-and-spoke approaches that provide the possibility of many-to-many connections. One-to-one approaches are most prevalent, though hub-and-spoke approaches may offer greatest business value in terms of cost and fit with the dynamic business environment of mergers, acquisitions, and divestitures and multi-party business arrangements, such as business process outsourcing and supply chain facilitation. Few companies today have a systematic strategy for dealing with external systems integration. Both business issues and technical issues should be addressed in an external systems integration strategy.” (i) Discuss the main business and technical considerations for developing an external systems integration strategy in one particular industry (e.g. biotechnology, hospitality, health care, legal services, telecommunications, and financial services). State whether you are taking the perspective of a single firm or of an industry consortium. (10 Marks) b) Discuss the different Wireless Networks (4 Marks) c) Discuss what is Wifi giving its advantages and disadvantages (6 Marks) QUESTION TWO (15 MARKS) a) Using examples differentiate between (4 Marks) i.) Mobile and wireless ii.) Nomadic computing and Ubiquitous computing b) Describe TWO Problems with TCP in a wireless environment and propose justifiable solutions (6 Marks) c) What is the difference between centralized and decentralized routing? (5 Marks) QUESTION THREE (15 MARKS) a) Discus the advantages and challenges of mobile devices (8 Marks) b) Discuss the four components of an 802.11 wireless network (4 Marks) c) Describe types of topologies used in 802.11 wireless network? (3 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (15 MARKS) a) What are the network services that are required in 802.11 wireless networks? (7 Marks) b) What are the main disadvantages of dynamic routing? (4 Marks) c) How does a routing table operate? (4 Marks) QUESTION FIVE (15 MARKS) a) What is the location asset? Explain why location is such a unique asset within the wireless world. What sorts of location products and services can be offered in the commercial world? Discuss who would potentially use location-based products and services. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the mobile (or “wireless”) Internet? (6 Marks) b) Define what is meant by “wireless telemetry”. What advantages and disadvantages are present in tracking and monitoring the mobile workforce? Discuss how the remote and automated tracking of mobile workforces assists management decision making. Do you know of any cases where people have been tracked by their mobile phone signal? (6 Marks) c) Outline the various “levels” of socio-technical communication and discuss how wireless mobile devices and wireless business systems have impacted on general business activity. Does wireless technology provide a different socio-technical communications experience compared with wired technology? (3 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT/ MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DATA COMMUNICATIONS MDCN5201 MISM5201 INFORMATION SYSTEMS SECURITY DATE: APRIL 2019 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One & ANY OTHER TWO questions. QUESTION ONE a) Explain FIVE reasons why it is difficult to protect information resources. (5 Marks) b) Explain why the top-down approach to information security is superior to the bottom-up approach. (3 Marks) c) In the context of information security, what are some advantages for an organization to adhere to the requirements of a specific standard? What are some possible shortcomings of standards in the context of information security? (5 Marks) d) There are different types of encryption techniques, explain FIVE characteristics that identify a good encryption technique. (5 Marks) e) Write short notes on i) Risk Management ii) Information Security Policy (2 Marks) QUESTION TWO a) Information security is a major concern for the software industry today as the number of internal threats is nearly 80%”. Elucidate on this statement, explain the various security attacks. (7 Marks) b) Distinguish between i.) A block cipher and a stream cipher (2 Marks) ii.) Symmetric and asymmetric encryption. (2 Marks) c) Explain any FOUR techniques that can be used by an attacker to deduce the cryptography algorithm. (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Discuss the legal and ethical issues associated with the information security. (8 Marks) a) Define contingency planning and explain how it is different from routing management planning. Also enlist the components of contingency planning (7 Marks) QUESTION FOUR a) List and describe the various risk mitigation strategy options (6 Marks) b) Company A and Company B of similar size and potential victims of cyber attacks. Company A have implemented ISMS and had good maturity for information security management, whereas Company B had no ISMS in place and only ad-hoc information security management. i.) What is an Information Security Management Systems? (1 Mark) ii.) Assuming that both companies became victims of cyber attacks and the damages were equal, explain the possible differences, if any, in consequences and sanctions against management of the companies. (3 Marks) iii.) Explain any FIVE biggest challenges in ISMS implementation. (5 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT/ MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DATA COMMUNICATIONS/ MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DATA ANALYTICS MDC 6401/ MISM 5401/ MDA 5401: ADVANCED RESEARCH METHODS DATE: APRIL 2019 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One & ANY OTHER TWO questions. QUESTION ONE (20 MARKS) a) Briefly describe the differences between triangulation and chain of evidence in qualitative research [3 MARKS] b) The linear regression model is a common data analytic technique used in quantitative research. Briefly describe a research problem where the use of a linear regression model could be appropriate to analyze the data. Be sure to identify the variables in the study and their scale of measurement [4 MARKS] c) What is commonly referred to as “negative findings” is not desirable in most research situations. What is the meaning of the term “negative findings” and how can the chances of its occurring be minimized in a study? [3 MARKS] d) Briefly describe the following concepts as used in research. i. Reliability [2 MARKS] ii. Phenomenology [2 MARKS] iii. Statistical power [2 MARKS] iv. Research Design [2 MARKS] v. Coefficient of Determination [2 MARKS] QUESTION TWO (15 MARKS) The Ugandan Oil Company is attempting to develop a reasonably priced gasoline that will deliver improved gasoline mileage. As part of this development process, the company would like to compare the effect of three types of gasoline (A, B, and C) on gasoline mileage. For testing purposes, the company will compare the effects of gasoline types on the mileage obtained by a Toyota Prado TX. The data below gives the mileage for 15 vehicles that were randomly assigned to each of the three gasolines types along with basic descriptive statistics for this data: Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: MILEAGE GTYPE Mean N Std. Deviation A 35.00 5 1.000 B 36.60 5 1.140 C 34.00 5 1.000 Total 35.20 15 1.474 a) State a null hypothesis appropriate for data analysis in this study [2 MARKS) b) Construct and complete an ANOVA Table for this analysis [4 MARKS] c) Test the null hypothesis you stated above at 0.05 level of significance. [3 MARKS] d) Provide a brief interpretation of the findings of the analysis above [3 MARKS] e) Find and interpret the Coefficient of Determination in this analysis [3 MARKS] QUESTION THREE (15 MARKS) Identify and briefly describe the distinctive features of any FIVE of the following concepts as used in research: a) True-experimental research [3 MARKS] b) Ethnographic research [3 MARKS] c) Action research [3 MARKS] d) Non-experimental research [3 MARKS] e) Effect size [3 MARKS] f) Type II Error [3 MARKS] g) Coefficient of determination [3 MARKS] QUESTION FOUR (15 MARKS) An accountant wishes to predict Direct Labor Cost (DLC) on the basis of the Batch Size (BS) of a product produced in a job shop. Data for 12 production runs along with the basic descriptive statistics are given below: Descriptive Statistics N Mean SD Variance BS 12 45.75 29.985 899.114 DLC 12 4.67 2.964 8.788 a) Sketch a scatterplot of this data [2 MARKS] b) Briefly describe the relationship between DLC and BS [2 MARKS] c) Compute the covariance of the two variables [4 MARKS] d) Compute the correlation coefficient of the two variables [4 MARKS] e) Suppose a regression model were used in this analysis and the following findings obtained: Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients B Std. Error Beta t Sig. 1 (Constant) .184 .226 .816 .433 BS .098 .004 .991 23.435 .000 a. Dependent Variable: DLC In a sentence or two, provide an interpretation of these findings [3 MARKS]

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DATA COMMUNICATIONS MDC6305 ADVANCED DATA COMMUNICATIONS DATE: APRIL 2019 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One & ANY OTHER TWO questions. QUESTION ONE (20 MARKS) ASK international proposes to launch a new subsidiary to provide e-consultancy services for organizations throughout the world, to assist them in system development, strategic planning and e-governance areas. The fundamental guidelines, programs modules and draft agreements are all preserved and administered in the e-form only. The company intends to utilize the services of a professional analyst to conduct a preliminary investigation and present a report on smooth implementation of the ideas of the new subsidiary. Based on the report submitted by the analyst, the company decides to proceed further with three specific objectives (i)reduce operational risk, (ii)increase business efficiency and (iii) ensure that information security is being rationally applied. The company has advised to adopt BS 7799 for achieving the same. a) What are the two primary methods though which the analyst would have collected the data? (5 Marks) b) Suppose an audit policy is required, how will you lay down the responsibility of audit? (5 Marks) c) To retain their e-documents for specified period, what are the conditions laid down by the Information Technology act. (4 Marks) d) Define what is risk management and describe the risk management lifecycle (6 Marks) QUESTION TWO (15 MARKS) a) In your own view discuss the risk assessment process clearly showing the benefits of such a process. (4 Marks) b) Describe what digital signatures are in relation to information systems security (2 Marks) Page 2 of 3 c) Using appropriate examples explain the difference between active and passive threats (3 Marks) d) Discuss briefly the following encryption techniques i) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) ii) RSA (4 Marks) e) Threats to the security of distributed systems are pervasive. Describe SSL and S-HTTP standards as used in information systems security? (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE (15 MARKS) a) Given the following TCP/IP architecture, explain possible attack strategies that can be used in each layer and an appropriate protective measure. (4 Marks) b) What are the challenges posed by the existence of various types of information systems in the enterprise? How can these challenges be addressed? (6 Marks) c) Sketch the figure below and briefly discuss all point of attacks and the possible attack strategies. Outline also possible protective measures. (5 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (15 MARKS) a) Describe two fundamentally different conceptual approaches that can be used for user authentication. (4 Marks) b) List and explain three network threats that a firewall does not protect against. (If a threat only applies to certain types of firewalls, then explain why this is the case.) (6 Marks) c) When starting a new TCP connection, why do the sender and receiver each pick a random initial sequence number (ISN)? Why not start every TCP transfer with a sequence number of 0? (5 Marks) QUESTION FIVE (15 MARKS) a) Discuss process on how to troubleshoot a DHCP Client clearly showing the Client Server problems and how to solve them. (9 Marks) b) A client wants to set up a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) and has the option of implementing FDDI and DQDB. Discuss the factors you would consider if you were to advice him on an option. (6 Marks)

Page 1 of 2 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT/ MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DATA COMMUNICATIONS MDC6103 DATA STORAGE AND MANAGEMENT DATE: APRIL 2019 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One & ANY OTHER TWO questions. QUESTION ONE (20 MARKS) a) Salesforce.com’s CRM (Customer Relationship Management) product, and Google Apps such as Docs and Calendar are provided to the end user via the Internet, and are paid for on a subscription basis i. What type of cloud service is this? (2 Marks) ii. What are the challenges faced by users of this kind of cloud service? (6 Marks) b) What is Data deduplication? Describe the two types of Data deduplication. (4 Marks) c) What is data stripping? (2Marks) d) Explain the two main types of partial backups. (4 Marks) e) What are some of the commonest causes of data loss in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (2 Marks) QUESTION TWO (15 MARKS) a. How does a cloud network-attached storage (NAS) work? (2 Marks) b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a cloud network-attached storage (NAS) (4 Marks) c) Describe four things that one has to consider when selecting backup devices. (4 Marks) b. What is Storage Clustering? (1 Mark) c. Microsoft’s decision to support HD DVD format instead of Blu-ray format can be explained by Microsoft’s chairman condemnation of the Blu-Ray Protection Technology. This is because companies have included over-protective “digital rights management“(DRM) to the Blu-Ray technology. What two problems have these DRM caused to the users and manufacturers of Blu-Ray disks. (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE (15 MARKS) a. Discuss four disadvantages of using magnetic tapes as your storage device. (8 Marks) b. Describe three distinct characteristics that differentiate cloud hosting from traditional hosting. (3 Marks) c. Tape-based backup solutions have been the default medium for offsite storage. What four factors have combined to push tape out of the spotlight in favour of industry-standard disks? (4 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (15 MARKS) a. With an aid of a diagram, discuss Network Attached Storage (NAS). (4 Marks) b. List the three aims of storage virtualization. (3 Marks) c. Explain the four critical storage service areas that each application requires. (8 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DATA ANALYTICS MDA5304 VISUAL ANALYTICS SYSTEM ARCHITECHURE DATE: APRIL 2019 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One & ANY OTHER TWO questions. QUESTION ONE (20 MARKS) – COMPULSORY QUESTION Visual analytics has been widely studied in the past decade. One key to make visual analytics practical for both research and industrial applications is the appropriate definition and implementation of the visual analytics pipeline that provides effective abstractions for designing and implementing visual analytics systems. a) REVIEW previous work on visual analytics pipelines. (8 Marks) b) DISCUSS the individual modules that make up these pipelines. (8 Marks) c) COMPARE the commonalities and the differences among them. (4 Marks) QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS) Visual analytics has lately been differentiating the field of Information Visualization. Its definition is “Visual analytics is the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces”. DESCRIBE what you feel are aspects that this new field includes and which distinguishes it from Information Visualization QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS) Evaluating visual analytics systems is challenging because users need to know that the system supports both basic information retrieval tasks as well as complex reasoning and exploration. DISCUSS a method for evaluating visualizations using both tasks and exploration. QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS) Visual analytics is the science of marrying interactive visualizations and analytic algorithms to support exploratory knowledge discovery in large datasets. PROVIDE an argument (for or against) that that seeks to justify the shift from a ‘human in the loop’ philosophy for visual analytics to a ‘human is the loop’ viewpoint.

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DATA ANALYTICS MDA5303 SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING DATE: APRIL 2019 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One & ANY OTHER TWO questions. QUESTION ONE (20 MARKS) (a) Define the following terms (4 Marks) (i) Model (ii) Simulation (b) Compare and contrast Systems Dynamics and Systems Thinking (4 Marks) (c) Use simple diagrams to explain the following elements of a system dynamics diagram and their use (8 Marks) (i) Feedback (ii) Stocks and Flows (iii) Time Delay (d) Differentiate the positive and negative feedback loops (4 Marks) QUESTION TWO (15 MARKS) (a) What are the common features of a systems dynamics model which makes it different from other approaches of studying complex systems? (2 Marks) (b) Given below is an example of filling a glass with water • As we fill the glass, we are watching the water level rise. • We monitor the “gap” between the level and our goal, the “desired water level.” • As the water approaches the desired level, we adjust the faucet position to slow the flow of water, until it is turned off when the glass is full. Required: • Model a “water-regulation” system involving the possible variables and organize them in a circle or loop of cause-effect relationships (causal loop diagram) indicating possible negative and positive feedback loops (9 Marks) (c) Give the four (4) main steps followed in developing a systems dynamics model. (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE (15 MARKS) (a) Given the following causal loop diagram, develop and explain an equivalent stock and flow diagram. (5 Marks) (b) The following two assumptions are used when evaluating flow quantities: (i) Continuous Flow (ii) No Random Component Required: Explain how each one of them works, and how they are applied in real business situations. (8 Marks) (c) Why are system dynamic diagrams said to be dynamic? (2 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (15 MARKS) (a) Use examples to explain how the equations for stock are solved. (7 Marks) (b) Use diagrams to describe the four patterns of behavior for business processes. (8 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN DATA ANALYTICS MDA5301 LOGIC, SENSE MAKING & BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE DATE: APRIL 2019 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One & ANY OTHER TWO questions. QUESTION ONE a) Discuss distinctive features of expert systems 4Marks b) Discuss the applicability of Natural Language Processing 6Marks c) Discuss Pros and cons of propositional logic 6Marks d) Discuss steps of knowledge engineering in First Order Logic 4Marks QUESTION TWO a) Using a diagram discuss the Knowledge Engineering Process 10Marks b) Describe some of difficulties associated with Automated Knowledge Acquisition 5Marks QUESTION THREE a) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence Rules 6Marks b) Discuss some of Applications of Knowledge Base systems 9Marks QUESTION FOUR a) Discuss any two techniques used in Knowledge Elicitation 4Marks b) Discuss the expert system development lifecycle 6 Marks e) Discuss advantages and disadvantages of rule-based expert systems 5Marks

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade. The WTO deals with regulation of trade in goods, services and intellectual property between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants’ adherence to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliaments. The role of WTO in international trade is as stipulated in the agreement establishing it and it includes: 1. Facilitating the implementation, administration and operation and furthering the objectives of the agreement establishing it and other multilateral trade agreements and providing the framework for the implementation, administration and operation of the plurality trade agreement 2. Providing the forum for negotiations among its members concerning their multilateral trade relations in matters dealt with under the agreements in the annexes to the agreement setting it up and for the results of such negotiations as may be decided by the ministerial conference. 3. Administering the understanding on rules and procedures governing the settlement of disputes or the dispute settlement understanding which annex 2 to the agreement setting it up. 4. Administering the trade policy review mechanism in annex 3 of the agreement setting it up, and 5. Cooperating as appropriate with the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) with a view of achieving greater coherence in global economic policy making. This is aimed at building better understanding and coordination between a trade organisation like WTO and monetary institutions like IMF and World Bank. It may be said in passing that these are two financial institutions without good reputation with developing countries and that are seen by them to have been recommending economic reforms and structural adjustment programmes that destroy, rather than rebuild, their economies. The ultimate goal of the multilateral institution of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and WTO is the provision of freer global trade and economic relationship among members and that GATT is designed to achieve freer trade and to improve market access by: having all protection take the form of tariffs; holding multilateral negotiation at which those tariffs are lowered and bound; ensuring that these agreements are implemented by requiring that any increase in a bound tariff must be compensated by the reduction of another; providing a mechanism by which signatories can settle disputes. The WTO is an international body which not only takes care of the international trades but also actively participates on business improvisation. It always put required effort to keep the peaceful trans-boundary trades and to solve the disputes if arises among the member countries. We can‘t think of international trade happening in absence of WTO and all the members are following the protocols set by WTO. Although there are various views on role of WTO but as far as my view is concerned, WTO plays an important positive role for the international trades and it‘s always beneficial for the countries to trade trans-boundary being the member of the WTO.

International trade opens up the opportunities of global market to the entrepreneurs of the developing nations. International trade also makes the latest technology readily available to the businesses operating in these countries. It results in increased competition both in the domestic and global fronts. To compete with their global counterparts, the domestic entrepreneurs try to be more efficient and this in turn ensures efficient utilization of available resources. Open trade policies also bring in a host of related opportunities for the countries that are involved in international trade. However, even if we take the positive impacts of international trade, it is important to consider that international trade alone cannot bring about economic growth and prosperity in any country. There are many other factors like flexible trade policies, favorable macroeconomic scenario and political stability that need to be there to complement the gains from trade. It however helps in the following ways: 1. Trade can help boost development and reduce poverty by generating growth through increased commercial opportunities and investment, as well as broadening the productive base through private sector development. 2. Trade enhances competitiveness by helping developing countries reduce the cost of inputs, acquire finance through investments, increase the value added of their products and move up the global value chain. 3. Trade facilitates export diversification by allowing developing countries to access new markets and new materials which open up new production possibilities. 4. Trade encourages innovation by facilitating exchange of know-how, technology and investment in research and development, including through foreign direct investment. 5. Trade openness expands business opportunities for local companies by opening up new markets, removing unnecessary barriers and making it easier for them to export. 6. Trade expands choice and lowers prices for consumers by broadening supply sources of goods and services and strengthening competition. 7. Trade plays a role in the improvement of quality, labour and environmental standards through increased competition and the exchange of best practices between trade partners, building capacity in industry and product standards. 8. Trade contributes to cutting government spending by expanding supply sources of goods and services and strengthening competition for government procurement. 9. Trade strengthens ties between nations by bringing people together in peaceful and mutually beneficial exchanges and as such contributes to peace and stability. 10. Trade creates employment opportunities by boosting economic sectors that create stable jobs and usually higher incomes, thus improving livelihoods.

KCA UNIVERSITY MDA – Human Perception & Information Visualization Question 1 is compulsory  Answer any other 2 Questions  Time Allowed: 2 Hours QUESTION ONE (20 MARKS) a) A useful starting point for designing advanced graphical user interfaces is the Visual Information-Seeking Mantra. DISCUSS this Mantra. (6 Marks) b) A pre-attentive visual property is one that is processed in spatial memory without our conscious action. In essence it takes less than 500 milliseconds for the eye and the brain to process a pre-attentive property of any image. EXPLAIN using specific examples, the relevance of at least 3 (three) of these features. (6 Marks) c) Visual analytics has lately been differentiating the field of Information Visualization. Its definition is “Visual analytics is the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces”. DESCRIBE what you feel are aspects that this new field includes and which distinguishes it from Information Visualization. (4 Marks) d) DESCRIBE software functionalities and environment that enhances the pursuits of an exploratory goal in visualization. (4 Marks) QUESTION TWO (15 MARKS) a) Think of three activities you perform on a daily or weekly basis that you currently do without visualization, but that could potentially benefit from the introduction of visual tools. DESCRIBE some ideas for displaying the data or information and for interacting with the resulting views. (7 Marks) b) These days, many people carry small, portable display devices with them, such as mobile phones and PDAs. i) DISCUSS the ramifications of migrating to a small display for the visualization techniques. (4 Marks) ii) WHICH mappings maintain most of their benefits when scaling occurs? What strategies might you pursue to allow viewers access to the same or similar resolution of information? (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE (15 MARKS) a) HIGHLIGHT major design consideration in information visualization (6 Marks) b) Examine the functionality of two visualization tools that focus on the same type of data, one commercial and one public domain. i) HOW would you characterize their major similarities and differences? (5 Marks) ii) Under WHAT conditions, and for what reasons, would you choose to use one over the other (besides, of course, the cost)? (4 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (15 MARKS) DISCUSS how the Technology Acceptance Model and the Diffusion of Innovations theory can be deployed to develop a framework for evaluating information visualization adoption. (15 Marks)

KCA University Data mining and Warehousing Examination Dec 2018 Answer Question one and any other two questions Question One (a) Describe the meaning of the following terms in the context of data mining and warehousing. (i) Noisy data (1 mark) (ii) Data mining (1 mark) (iv) Entropy (1 mark) (b) Briefly describe knowledge discovery process. Use a diagram to illustrate your answer (4 marks) (e) State and explain two techniques of data reduction (2marks) (f). Consider the following confusion matrix: a b c <– classified as 7 6 9 | a = part time 1 8 4 | b = full time 5 3 7| c = Distance learning Use the above confusion matrix to determine the following: (3 marks) (i) Precision for full time class (ii) Recall for part time class (iii) True negatives for Distance learning class (e) Describe four types of data mining tasks (4 marks) (f) Describe two motivations of data mining (2 marks) (g) Describe two techniques of filling missing values during pre-processing phase (2 marks) Question Two (a) Briefly explain the meaning of the following terms in the context of data mining and warehousing (i) Clustering (1 mark) (ii) Dendrogram (1 mark) (iii) category utility (1 mark) (b) State and explain three types of clustering approaches (3 marks) (c) Briefly explain three metrics (functions) of measuring similarity of data items during clustering (3 marks). (d). Explain any two applications of clustering in business enterprises (2 marks) (e) Describe four operations that are used by COBWEB algorithm when building the classification tree (4 marks) Question Three (a) Describe any three situations when decision tree learning methods can be considered (3 marks) (b) Consider the following data set Compute information gain for selecting outlook attribute as the root of decision tree using ID3 algorithm (5 marks) (c) Briefly explain two symptoms of overfiting and two approaches of how it can be avoided (4 marks) (b) Describe the criteria of stopping building decision tree (2 marks) (c) Describe the meaning of the term ‘overfiting’ as used in decision tree learning (1 mark) Question Four (a) Describe the meaning of the following terms in the context of warehousing (i) Dimension (1 mark) (ii) Schema (1 mark) (iii) Fact (1 mark) (b) There three types of schemas that can be used design and develop a datawarehouse (3 marks) (c) Describe any two properties of a data mart (2 marks) (d) Describe the meaning of initials ETL in the context of data warehousing (3 marks) (e) State and explain four characteristics of a data warehouse (4 marks)