April 3, 2022

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIT306 PRINCIPALS OF DATABASE DESIGN FULLTIME/PARTTIME DATE: NOVEMBER, 2018 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two. QUESTION ONE a) (i) Discuss database issues (4Marks) (ii) Define the following terms as used in databases Systems (4 Marks) a) Databases. b) views c) Database Management Systems. d) Schema. e) Primary Key b) Discuss the limitations of having a database system to manage organizational data. (6Marks) c) With the use of a diagram, explain the layers of a three level Architecture (6 Marks) d) Design an ERD depicting the following entities. Assign appropriate primary and foreign keys; STUDENT (Name, Course, ID number, telephone number) COURSE (Name, Capacity, Fees, Duration). REGISTRATION (Date). (8 Marks) QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS) a) With the use of a diagram, explain the components of Database Management System (6 Marks) b) Describe the term “Cardinality”. (2 Marks) c) Describe the following data models by giving each its advantages and Disadvantages. (6 Marks) a) Hierarchical Model b) Relational Model c) Network Model d) State and discuss the controlled access to database views (3 Marks) e) Define file based systems. What are the limitations of these systems? (3 Marks) QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS) a) Differentiate between logical data independence and Physical Data independence. (2 Marks) b) State the Importance of Program Documentation (2 Marks) c) Explain any three factors you would consider while designing and implementing a computerized database system that will be used in banking sector. (6 Marks) d) Explain the term “Normalization”as used in Databases systems. (2 Marks) e) List and explain three objectives of database Normalization. (6 Marks ) f) State and Explain any TWO advantages of a client Server (2 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS) a) Describe database methodology process. (10 Marks) b) Explain the following operators as used in RDMS. (5 Marks) i. Null ii. SELECT iii. PROJECT iv. JOIN c) Explain any TWO Security threats of a database system. (2 Marks) d) Stare and explain any three SQL statements (3 Marks) QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS) a) Explain the functions of the following DBMS Kernel (4Marks) i. DML Pre-Compiler. ii. Database Manager. iii. Data Files. iv. Data Dictionary. b) Discuss any four types of a database Manager (4 Marks) c) What are the functions of Database Management Systems (5 Marks) e) What are the properties of a relation? (4 Marks ) f) Explain any three Anomalies. (3 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIT 305: PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY MODE: FULL TIME/PART TIME ORDINARY EXAMINATIONS DATE: NOVEMBER, 2018 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO. QUESTION ONE [30 MARKS] a) Define the following terms as used in programming methodology. (10mks) i. Pseudocode ii. Algorithm. iii. Programming paradigms. iv. Structured programming. v. Reserved words. 10 Marks b) State FOUR advantages of structured programming. 4 Marks c) State and explain the stages of program development lifecycle. 6 Marks d) Draw and explain FOUR symbols used in a flowchart. 4 Marks e) Draw a flowchart for a program that accepts length and width of a rectangle, then calculate and display the area and perimeter. 6 Marks QUESTION TWO [20 MARKS] a) Name and explain THREE programming errors 6 Marks b) With an aid of a C program explain how conditional operators work. 6 Marks c) Given that A and B are integers and are given initial values 21 and 12, predict the output of the following C statements. i. Printf(“%d”,A>=B); ii. Printf(“%d”,!(A<B)); iii. Printf(“%d”,A&B); iv. Printf(“%d”,A^B); 8 Marks QUESTION THREE [20 NARKS] a) Distinguish between an array of pointers and pointers to an array. 6 Marks b) Differentiate between argument and parameter as used in C functions. 4 Marks c) Write a C program to read a number keyed in by the user to reverse the digits of a given number. 10 Marks QUESTION FOUR [20 MARKS] a) Explain two and two advantages of low level languages. 4 Marks b) Identifiers in C are user defined word used to name of entities like variables, arrays, functions, structures etc. Explain any FOUR rules used in naming identifiers in C. 4 Marks c) Data types refer to an extensive system used for declaring variables or functions of different types before its use. These types can be classified as derived types of primary types. Describe the four primary types in highlight memory size and range of values for each type. 8 Marks d) Differentiate between symbolic and literal constants in C. Give an example. 4 Marks QUESTION FIVE [20 MARKS] a) Briefly explain THREE constructs used in repetition structures 6 Marks b) Explain the difference between exit controlled and entry controlled loops. 4 Marks c) Explain the role of break and continue keywords in a loop. 4 Marks d) Write a C program to receive twenty integers, store them in an array, then calculate and display their sum. 6 Marks

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIT304 PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER SUPPORT MAINTENANCE FULLTIME/PARTIME DATE: NOVEMBER, 2018 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE AND any other TWO questions. QUESTION ONE a) Why is it important to discharge yourself before embarking to maintain any electronic gadget (1 Mark) b) State the FIVE considerations needed before connecting a memory to the system. (5 Marks) c) As a teacher of Makueni group of schools, you have been appointed to sit on the procurement committee to discuss the type of computers to be purchased to enhance studies. Discuss what you will advise. (8 Marks) d) With relevant examples, describe the use of the following MS DOS commands: (2 Marks) i. ATTRIB ii. DIR e) State any FOUR causes of overheating of a microprocessor? (4 Marks) f) Amani was required to replace a faulty RAM chip in a computer. Outline FOUR precautions that she could observe in order to accomplish the task. (4 Marks) g) Explain the most obvious symptoms of a malfunctioning Power supply. (2 Marks) h) What is a power surge? (2 Marks) i) Discus the main differences between Multitasking and Multiprocessing? (2 Marks) QUESTION TWO a) We have different electronic devices that support computer operations. Kindly differentiate with regards to functionality of i.PSU ii. UPS (6 Marks) b) With the aid of a diagram, explain the components of a PSU. (8 Marks) c) Describe the following motherboard form factors. (4 Marks) i) AT Motherboard ii) ATX Motherboard d) Explain TWO major reasons of drive partitioning during operating system installation. (2 Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Discuss FIVE hard drive preventive maintenance procedures (PM) (5 Marks) b) Describe the boot process of a computer system. (5 Marks) c) Describe how you can disassemble a computer system. (5 Marks) d) Explain the functions of the following tools: (5 Marks) i. Blower ii. Lint-Free dusters iii. Crimping tool iv. Multimeter v. Boot disc QUESTION FOUR a) List down two disk management tools and explain their purposes. (6 Marks) b) Differentiates between Serial and Parallel Port? (4 Marks) c) Describe the boot process of a computer system. (5 Marks) d) Give an explanation, diagnosis and recommendation for the following problems in computer hardware. (5 Marks) i. Power supply not functioning ii. No video displayed iii. No BIOS start up screen. QUESTION FIVE a) What is the difference between integrated and non-integrated motherboard? (4 Marks) b) A lecturer described FAT 16 to a computer maintenance and support class. Outline FOUR disadvantages of FAT 16 that he could have mentioned (4 Marks) c) Computer technician experience several challenges when carrying out routine maintenance. Outline any THREE challenges they could experience (3 Marks) d) Describe FOUR main system board components and their functions in computer operations (3 Marks) e) Explain the functions of the following printer hardware parts: i. Fuser unit (2 Marks) ii. Laser unit (2 Marks) iii. Pick up rollers (2 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY/ DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIT 302: FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DBIT 106: FUNDAMENTALS ACCOUNTING FULLTIME/PARTIME DATE: NOVEMBER, 2018 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any Two Questions. QUESTION ONE i) The following transactions are extracted from the books of Wali enterprises for the month ended 31 October 2018. March 1 Started in business with Kshs.800,000 in the bank and Ksh. 500,00 in cash 2 Bought goods for sale Ksh. 145,000 paying by a cheque. 5 Cash sales Kshs 500,000 6 Paid wages in cash Kshs 100,000 7 Sold goods by cheque Kshs 300,000. 9 Bought goods for cash Kshs 120, 000 10 Bought goods on credit Ksh. 200,000 from Victoria Ventures 12 Paid wages in cash Kshs.100, 000 13 Sold goods on credit Kshs.80,000 to Lions investment 15 Bought shop fixtures on credit from Mbao Ltd Kshs.74,000 17 Paid Victoria Furnitures by cheque Kshs.150,000 21 Paid Mbao Ltd Kshs.74, 000 in cash 24 Lions Investment paid us his account by cheque Kshs.64,500 30 Pauline lent us Kshs.100,000 by cash 31 Bought a motor van paying by cheque Kshs 625,000 Required a) Enter the transactions in the relevant ledger accounts in the books of Wali Enterprises. (12 Marks) b) Balance off the ledger accounts and extract a trial balance for the months of October 2018 (8 Marks) c) Explain FIVE reasons why accounting is so critical to any organization, use an example of an organization of your choice. (10 Marks) QUESTION TWO a) Accounting is universally applicable irrespective of the type of business and or organization, Identify and explain FIVE accounting principles that ensures standardization in the accounting practice. (10 Marks) Ii) Explain FIVE users of accounting information and how the information influences their decision making in the organization. (10 Marks) QUESTION THREE The following trial balance of XYZ LTD, presents information for the year ending 31 st October 2018, Use it to answer the questions below: Required: I) Draw up a trading, profit and loss account for the year ended 30 September 2018 (10 Marks) Ii) Prepare a statement of financial position as at that date 30 September 2018. (10 Marks) QUESTION FOUR a) Discuss FIVE accounting errors and how they can be corrected in the pursuit of ensuring accuracy in accounting information (10 Marks) b) Explain the following terms as used in accounting (10 Marks) i) Asset ii) Liability iii) Capital iv) Expense v) Income QUESTION FIVE The following information was gathered from the books of ABC ltd for the month of January 2018 use the information to answer the following questions. January 2018 1 Balances brought forward: Cash Sh.230; Bank Sh.4,756. “ 2 The following paid their accounts by cheque, in each case deducting 5 percent discounts: R Burton Sh.140; E Taylor Sh.220; R Harris Sh.800. “ 4 Paid rent by cheque Sh.120. “ 6 J Cotton lent us Sh.1, 000 paying by cheque. “ 8 We paid the following accounts by cheque in each case deducting a 5 per cent cash discount: N Black Sh.360; P Towers Sh.480; C Rowse Sh.800. “ 10 Paid motor expenses in cash Sh.44. “ 12 H Hankins pays his account of Sh.77, by cheque Sh.74, deducting Sh.3 cash discount. “ 15 Paid wages in cash Sh.160. “ 18 The following paid their accounts by cheque, in each case deducting 5 per cent cash discount: C Winston Sh.260; R Wilson & Son Sh.340; H Winter Sh.460. “ 21 Cash withdrawn from the bank Sh.350 for business use. “ 24 Cash Drawings Sh.120. “ 25 Paid T Briers his account of Sh.140, by cash Sh.133, having deducted Sh.7 cash discount. “ 29 Bought fixtures paying by cheque Sh.650. “ 31 Received commission by cheque Sh.88. Required i) Prepare a three column cashbook for the month of January in the books of ABC ltd (20 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIT205 PRINCIPALS OF DATABASE DESIGN FULLTIME/PARTTIME DATE: NOVEMBER, 2018 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two. QUESTION ONE a) Define the term database and outline four features why organizations would prefer database systems to the traditional file management systems [5Marks] b) Relational data model is the primary data model, which is used widely around the world for data storage and processing. Define the following relational concepts i) Attribute [2Marks] ii) Tuple [2Marks] iii) Relational schema [2Marks] c) Outline four data manipulation commands in SQL [4Marks] d) Define the three mapping cardinalities that define the number of association between two entities [3Marks] e) Define data independence with reference to the database system schema and briefly explain the two types of data independence [5Marks] f) Briefly explain the four desirable properties of transactions [4Marks] g) Explain the terms first, second and third normal forms as used in database normalization [3Marks] QUESTION TWO a) Describe the three main relational constraints [6Marks] b) Identify four ways that databases could be used by a university [4Marks] c) A gardening company allocates equipment to its staff. A member of staff can be allocated up to seven different types of equipment at a time. Equipment types can be allocated to every member of staff. Draw the Entity Relationship model for the above scenario [5Marks] d) Define the term deadlock and explain three general techniques for handling deadlock [5Marks] QUESTION THREE a) With the aid of a diagram describe the three-schema database architecture that is used to separate the user applications from the physical database. [10Marks] b) Briefly explain the following data anomalies i) Deletion anomalies [2Marks] ii) Update anomalies [2Marks] iii) Insertion anomalies [2Marks] c) A data table is required to store details about the customers of a bank. The following details must be stored. For each of the fields, identify the correct data type that would be used to store the data [4Marks] QUESTION FOUR a) Consider the following tables for a tool hire company that operates largely on-line and needs to keep a record of its customers and orders. i) Write the SQL statements to create the above tables. [8Marks] ii) Write an SQL statement to change the name of the tool ‘Hand Electric Drill’ to ‘Electric Hand Drill’. [4Marks] iii) Write the SQL query that will list the tool id, tool name and price for all tools of the type “Home DIY” and draw the results table [4Marks] b) Briefly explain the difference between simple attributes and composite attributes. Provide ONE (1) example of a simple attribute and ONE (1) example of a composite attribute. [4Marks] QUESTION FIVE a) State five properties of a relation [5Marks] b) Briefly discuss THREE (3) phases of database design [6Marks] c) What is meant by the concurrent execution of database transactions in a multiuser system? State three reasons why concurrency control is needed [5Marks] d) Explain four functions of database management systems [4Marks]

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIT203 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FULLTIME/PARTTIME DATE: NOVEMBER, 2018 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two. QUESTION ONE [20 MARKS] a) Define the following terms as used in System Analysis and Design. (5 Marks) i) System ii) Sub-System iii) Information System iv) System Design v) Boundary b) Differentiate between an open system and a closed system. (2 Marks) c) State and explain system stake holders (3 Marks) d) What are the roles of a system analyst in an organization? (3 Marks) e) What are the elements of design (2 Marks) f) What are the reasons of initiating System Development (5 Marks) g) What are the advantages of flow charts (5 Marks) QUESTION TWO [20 MARKS] a) Describe the System Development Life Cycle (10 Marks) b) What are the characteristics of good Design (5 Marks) c) State and explain t the advantages and disadvantages of using Questionnaires (5 Marks) QUESTION THREE [20 MARKS] a) What is system Analysis? What are its objectives? (5 Marks) b) State and explain any three types of systems. (2 Marks) c) Differentiate the following terms as used in System analysis and design. (2 Marks) d) Differentiate between the Tangible and Intangible benefits (2 Marks) QUESTION FOUR [20 MAARKS] a) State and describe the Importance of system review (5 Marks) b) There are four methods of changeover which are used to change or switch from old system to the new system. Kindly name and explain this systems: (4 Marks) c) What is system Maintenance? What are the types of system maintenance? (3 Marks) d) Define decision tress and its importance (2 Marks) e) What are the characteristics of user Interface (3 Marks) f) Guidelines when designing a questionnaire (3 Marks) QUESTION FIVE [20 MARKS] a) Outline a comparison between the two approaches of designing a system that is the system life cycle and the prototype. (5 Marks) b) What is a DFD? (2 Marks) c) How would you define an “effective system”? (2 Marks) d) What skills does a system analyst need? (4 Marks) e) Importance of System Documentation (5 Marks ) f) What is file conversion/creation (2 Marks )

Inventory Control is the supervision of supply, storage and accessibility of items in order to ensure an adequate supply without excessive oversupply Objectives of inventory control Protection against fluctuations in demand Better use of men, material & machines Protection against fluctuations in output Control of stock volume Control of stock distribution Major activities of inventory control Planning the inventories Procurement of inventories Receiving and inspecting the inventories Storing and issuing the inventory Recording the receipt and issues of inventories Physical verification of inventories Follow-up function Material standardisation and substitution Steps in Inventory Control Deciding the maximum-minimum limits of inventory Determination of Reorder point Determination of Reorder quantity ABC Analysis Purpose of inventory To maintain independency of operation To meet variation in product demand To allow flexibility in product scheduling To provide a safeguard for variation in raw material delivery time To take advantages of economic purchase order size

This is the process of determining the optimal quantity and timing of Inventory for the purpose of aligning it with sales and production capacity. Inventory planning has direct impact a company’s cash flow and profit margins especially for smaller businesses that rely upon a quick turnover of goods or materials. Objectives of Inventory Planning Customer Satisfaction Forecasting Needs Controlling Costs Successful Storage Advantages of Inventory planning You know your stock levels You can conduct stock rotation You can optimize and reduce stock of items that don‘t move that quickly You can move you quick moving items to the front thereby speeding up picking You can quick identify items that are not moving that you can remove from your inventory Disadvantages of inventory planning It doesn‘t stop staff stealing stock It can waste a lot of effort if not implemented and maintained correctly It doesn‘t replace incompetent management It can be very expensive and the return on investment can take a long time It requires a lot of staff training and you may lose some staff on the way

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2019 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIT108 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE FULLTIME/PARTTIME DATE: NOVEMBER, 2018 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE AND any other TWO questions. QUESTION ONE a) Define the following terms as used in computing i) Nibble [1Mark] ii) Truth table [1Mark] iii) Register [1Mark] iv) Information [1Mark] v) Intranet [1Mark] b) Differentiate between computer organization and computer architecture [4Marks] c) State any two features of fourth generation computers [2Marks] d) State the functions of the following computer hardware i) Microprocessor [2Marks] ii) Power supply unit [2Marks] e) Explain four reasons why an organization may decide to develop its software in-house instead of buying ready made or off the shelf software [4Marks] f) Briefly explain four factors to consider when selecting a keyboard [4Marks] g) With the aid of a diagram explain the four functional units of a computer [7Marks] QUESTION TWO a) Briefly explain FOUR features of databases that make them to be preferred to computer files [4Marks] b) Differentiate between the following as used in computing i) Soft copy output from hard copy output [2Marks] ii) Random access memory from Read only memory [2Marks] iii) Magnetic tape from magnetic disk [2Marks] c) Outline any four reasons why a programmer may prefer to code a computer program using third generation programming languages instead of assembly languages [4Marks] d) Explain the functions of any three motherboard components [6Marks] QUESTION THREE a) Perform the following number system conversions i) 56428 to hexadecimal [3Marks] ii) 430910 to binary [2Marks] iii) 110101110112 to octal [2Marks] b) Perform the following calculation using the two’s complement notation -67 + 99 [4Marks] c) Give the symbol, truth table and output logic equation of the following logic gates i) NAND gate [3Marks] ii) NOR gate [3Marks] d) Draw the logic gate equivalent of the following Boolean expression QUESTION FOUR a) Briefly explain what is meant by computer booting and explain the two types of booting [6Marks] b) State any four types of computer operating systems [4Marks] c) Give any two symptoms of the following failed devices i) Processor ii) Mouse iii) Monitor [6Marks] d) State the four types of computer files [4Marks] QUESTION FIVE a) Outline any four multimedia devices used in computing [4Marks] b) Describe any four reasons why organizations may automate decision making tasks which can be done my human beings [4Marks] c) Name any four programs that can be used by a student to browse the internet [4Marks] d) State any two reasons for backing up data [2Marks] e) Name any four precautions that an organization can take to control the spread of computer viruses [4Marks]

Present value analysis: It is used to evaluate the time of capital investment and fund flows. Aggregate planning models: it is useful for examining the way of using the examining the way of using the existing capacity in the short terms. Break even analysis: to determine the minimum break even volumes of production. Linear programming: this is helpful in determining the optimum product mix for maximizing contribution, considering the capacity constraints. Computers simulation: it is helpful to determine the effects of various scheduling policies. Decision tree analysis: this can be applied for long term capacity problems.

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2018/2018 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIT107 MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENCE DATE: NOV – DEC 2018 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and Any other TWO questions. QUESTION ONE b) Solve the following simultaneous equations by elimination method 2𝑥 + 𝑦 — 𝑧 = 2 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 9 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 — 2𝑧 = 7 [5 Marks] c) For the Arithmetic progression: 3 + 7 + 11 + 15 + ··· + 99 Find; i) The number of terms [3 Marks] ii) The sum to the number 99 QUESTION TWO QUESTION THREE QUESTION FOUR a) Distinguish amongst Non- frequency data, Ungrouped data and Grouped frequency data [5 Marks] b) For the following grouped frequency distribution data below Find i) The mean, (5 Marks) ii)The mode and (5 Marks) iii) The median (5 Marks) Total [20 Marks] QUESTION FIVE

First, it ensures that the organization has adequate capacity to meet all demand, even during periods of high growth. This is especially important when the availability of a product or service is crucial, as in the case of emergency care or hot new product. For many new products, being late to market can mean the difference between success and failure. Another advantage of a lead capacity strategy is that it can be used to pre-empt competitors who might be planning to expand their own capacity. Being the first in an area to open a large grocery or home improvement store gives a retailer a define edge. Finally many businesses find that overbuilding in anticipation of increased usage is cheaper and less disruptive than constantly making small increases in capacity. Of course, a lead capacity strategy can be very risky, particularly if demand is unpredictable or technology is evolving rapidly. Lag strategy refers to adding capacity only after the organization is running at fullcapacity or beyond due to increase in demand (North Carolina State University, 2006). This is a more conservative strategy and opposite of a lead capacity strategy. It decreases the risk of waste, but it may result in the loss of possible customers either by stock-out or low service levels. Three clear advantages of this strategy are; Reduced risk of overbuilding, Greater productivity due to higher utilization levels, Ability to put off large investments as long as possible. Organizations that follow this strategy often provide mature, cost-sensitive products or services. Match strategy is adding capacity in small amounts in response to changing demand in the market. This is a more moderate strategy. Adjustment strategy is adding or reducing capacity in small or large amounts due to consumer’s demand, or, due to major changes to product or system architecture.