April 7, 2022

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2017/2018 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY/DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DBIT/DIT 203: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN DATE: NOVEMER, 2017 TIME: 1 ½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions. QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS) (compulsory) a) Differentiate systems analysis and systems design. [4 Marks] b) Explain the characteristics of a good user interface. [6 Marks] c) Explain the problems that a system analyst faces. [4 Marks] d) Give the characteristics of information used at operational, tactical and strategic levels in an organization. [6 Marks] e) Feasibility, studies the viability and the ability to successfully complete a proposed project. Feasibility studies often provide justification for the business case. Discuss five categories of feasibility. [10 Marks] QUESTION TWO a) List advantages of using questionnaires as a tool of data collection. [5 Marks] b) The degree of a relationship specifies the number of relationships in which an entity can appear. With the help of example explain the three main types of cardinalities. [6 Marks] c) A purchasing department receives a purchase requisition from the stores. The requisition is checked, and an invalid requisition is returned to the stores for correction. An order is made out using a file of approved suppliers, and sent to the appropriate supplier. A copy order is filed. The requisition is filed. When the goods are received, the invoice is compared with the filed order copy, and an invalid invoice is returned to the supplier. Valid invoices are passed to the accounts department for payment and fulfilled orders are filed. i. Draw a DFD for the above scenario. [5 Marks] ii. Briefly discuss the disadvantages of CASE TOOLS. [4 Marks] QUESTION THREE a) To be a quality product, a system must conform to the customer’s requirements, and to be delivered in a way that meets their expectations. Explain the objectives that must be considered if a good design is to be produced. [10 Marks] b) A CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tool is a software package that supports the construction and maintenance of logical system specification models. The aim is to ensure the automation of some of the analysis and design operation. Explain advantages of CASE tools. [10 Marks] QUESTION FOUR a) AZ Machine Tools is a medium sized engineering company. The sales director proposes to purchase a stand-alone computer and automate the sales department’s quotation and customer order processes. You believe that there may be further advantages to be gained by linking the new software to the existing stock control and accounting software. You have a choice of purchasing standard application packages and adapting them for use, or by commissioning a software company to write a dedicated suite of programs for your company. Compare and contrast the two approaches. [10 Marks] b) Explain the types of documentation associated with system implementation: [6 Marks] c) Explain any FOUR factors that should be considered when designing DFDs. [4 Marks] QUESTION FIVE a) Define the term prototype. [2 Marks] b) What are the key benefits of prototyping? [3 Marks] c) Barclays Bank Members’ Club sells products to its members. The club wants to develop an inventory system to track the goods sold to the members. Members usually order for the product. Using the knowledge, you have acquired in data modeling answer the following questions i. List the number of entities in this narrative. [2 Marks] ii. Draw the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) to capture the narrative. [6 Marks] d) Explain reasons as why the employees always resist the new system. [3 Marks] e) Describe the difference between hard system thinking and soft system thinking. [1Marks] f) State three software implementation techniques. [3Marks]

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2017/2018 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DBIT 507: BUSINESS INFORMATION STRATEGY DATE: NOVEMBER, 2017 TIME: 11 /2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer any THREE questions. QUESTION ONE (a) The ability to exploit technology requires high levels of engagement and co-operation among FOUR key constituents. Discuss the different constituents clearly showing the role played by each. [8 Marks] (b) Many firms nowadays opt to outsource IT infrastructures. Discuss FIVE challenges of outsourcing. [5 Marks] (c) Explain FOUR ways to physically protect information systems and THREE ways in which they can be logically protected. [7 Marks] QUESTION TWO (a) Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is an emerging paradigm for interaction between people and computers. A guiding principle of ubicomp is to break away from desktop computing to provide computational services to a user when and where required. Discuss this expression, highlighting its strategic value in a business. [10 Marks] (b) Define the following terms [10 Marks] i. Strategy ii. E- commerce iii. Business information systems iv. Mobile commerce v. Digital cash QUESTION THREE (a) Discuss three benefits of Office Automation System [6 Marks] (b) Explain how IT infrastructure can help an organization realize competitive advantage. [5 Marks] (C) explain the following THREE components of intellectual capital that a firm needs to consider when designing the information systems strategy. [6 Marks] i. Human capital ii. Customer capital iii. Structure capital (D) Briefly explain three E-Commerce models [3 Marks] QUESTION FOUR (a)With real-time internetworking infrastructure, customers are serviced and economical value is realized immediately rather than over hours, days or weeks. Discuss the benefits of these infrastructures. [5 Marks] (b) An information system consists of an integrated set of components that collect, store and manage data to provide output information to users. Describe the various components of an information system. [5 Marks] (c) Briefly describe any FIVE computer fraud and abuse techniques. [5 Marks] (d) Explain the drawbacks of real- time infrastructures. [5 Marks] QUESTION FIVE (a) Discuss the term BPR in light of its aims and roles in business. [10 Marks] (b) Discuss the various information systems needed for knowledge creation, sharing and management. [10 Marks]  

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2017/2018 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DBIT 503: PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING DATE: DECEMBER, 2017 TIME: 1 ½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ANY THREE questions. QUESTION ONE a) Define the term marketing. (2Marks) b) Explain the key function of marketing management. (4Marks) c) State four ways that a person may satisfy their requirements. (4Marks) d) Explain the importance of marketing research in business. (8Marks) e) Describe four types of competition faced by many businesses. (8Marks) f) Explain how a firm can measure customer satisfaction. (4Marks) QUESTION TWO a) List the seven variables of the marketing mix. (7Marks) b) Define these terms, (6Marks) i) Positioning ii) Differentiation iii) Customization c) Define branding and explain its importance to an organisation. (7Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Explain the following types of strategic business concepts. i) Production concept (5Marks) ii) Product concept (5Marks) iii) Sales concept (5Marks) iv) Marketing concept (5Marks) QUESTION FOUR a) Define consumer behaviour and describe any four factors influencing consumer buying behaviour. (10Marks) b) Differentiate between industrial (business) market and consumer markets. (10Marks) QUESTION FIVE a) Define market segmentation and state the reasons for it. (10Marks) b) Outline the steps involved in pricing. (8Marks) c) In your own words explain what you understand by the term customer loyalty. (2Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2017/2018 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DBIT 501: ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS DATE: NOVEMBER, 2017 TIME: 1 ½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer any THREE questions. QUESTION ONE a) State six characteristics of a successful entrepreneur. (6Marks) b) Describe any five sources business ideas. . (5Marks) c) Define the following terms (8Marks) i) locus of control ii) intrapreneurship iii) motivation iv) window of opportunity d) Analyze the challenges faced by the small firms. (8Marks) e) List three types of start- ups. (3Marks) QUESTION TWO a) Compare and contrast men and women entrepreneurs in Kenya. (10Marks) b) Describe the five stages of product and development process. (10Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Explain how an entrepreneur can use SWOT analysis model to assess his business. (5Marks) b) Describe the features of a good business opportunity (10Marks) c) Explain the factors that determine the demand of a product. (5Marks) QUESTION FOUR a) State the benefits of new technology to entrepreneurs. (10Marks) b) Analyze the strategies an entrepreneur can use to revive a business. (10Marks) QUESTION FIVE a) Explain the reasons for protecting business ideas. (5Marks) b) Explain the reasons for government involvement in business. (10Marks) c) Employment is a major problem in Kenya today. State the possible alternatives open for the youth today in business. (5Marks)  

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2017/2018 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DBIT 406: INTERNET APPLICATION PROGRAMMING DATE: DECEMBER, 2017 TIME: 1 ½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ANY THREE questions. QUESTION ONE [20 MARKS] (a) (i) Define the term ‘JavaScript’ as used in programming [2 Marks] (ii) Outline four differences between JavaScript and Java programming Language [4 Marks] (iii) Write a JavaScript code embedded on to an HTML code that displays the statement” This is my Final Internet application Programming Exam” when run via a web browser[8 Marks] (b) List and explain three benefits of the Internet technology to an organization [6 Marks] QUESTION TWO [20 MARKS] (a)Define the following terms: – [5 Marks] (i) Website (ii) Hyperlink (iii) Web browser (iv)Internet (v) Intranet (b) List and briefly explain three types of lists supported by HTML [6 Marks] (c) Outline four benefits of HTML over other web authoring tools [4 Marks] (d) Explain five factors you would consider while designing and implementing a website [5 Marks] QUESTION THREE [20 MARKS] (a) Write HTML code to create the webpage that displays the output shown below when run via a web browser:- [8 Marks] (b) Write a JavaScript code embedded in an HTML document to display a pop up message saying ‘Hi there’ when a user clicks on a button named ‘click me’ [8 Marks] (c) Using an example, describe four components of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) [4 Marks] QUESTION FOUR [20 MARKS] (a) Outline four benefits of dynamic website over static websites [4 Marks] (b) The Internet Technology has brought many merits and demerits both to the society and organizations. Required: List and describe six impacts of the Internet technology to the society [6 Marks] (c) Study the following HTML code and then answer the questions that follows:- Required: Sketch the output of the above code when the code is run via a web browser [7 Marks] (d) Outline three examples of web authoring tools [3 Marks] QUESTION FIVE [20 MARKS] (a) State two advantages of using code generators during web design and implementation [4 Marks] (b) Figure 1 below shows the KCA University online admissions form. Figure 1 (c) Required: Write HTML code that will generate the above form in a web browser. [9 Marks] (d) write HTML code to create the webpage shown below:- [7 Marks]

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2017/2018 EXAMINATION FOR DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DBIT 402: COST ACCOUNTING DATE: DECEMBER, 2017 TIME: 2 HOURS, INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any Other Two Questions. QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS) a) Distinguish between financial accounting and management accounting. (10 Marks) b) Identify 5 classifications of costs giving 2 examples on each category. (10 Marks) c) What are the essentials of a good Cost Accounting system (10 Marks) QUESTION TWO: (20 MARKS) a) Identify and explain any five benefits of material control system (5 Marks) b) The following are the stock movements of stock item Q-3 Date Receipts Issues The stock as at 31 August was 4,500 units valued at sh 5 each. Required: Prepare stock cards for stock item Q-3, using each of the following stock pricing methods: i). FIFO (8 Marks) ii). LIFO (7 Marks) QUESTION THREE: (20 MARKS) a. Define EOQ and state the limitations of the EOQ model (5Marks) b. EOQ model has assumptions that enable it to function properly. Enumerate and explain three of these assumptions. (3 Marks) c. Keshi Enterprises has provided the following data in respect of its major raw materials. Maximum consumption 2,400 units Normal consumption 1,800 units Minimum consumption 1,200 units Lead time 8-12 weeks Re-order quantity 12,000 units Required: i. Re-order level (3 Marks) ii. Maximum stock level (3 Marks) iii. Minimum stock level (3 Marks) iv. Average stock level (3 Marks) QUESTION FOUR: (20 MARKS) a) Discuss the importance of cost accounting to a small enterprise. (8 Marks) b) XY ltd has provided the following information with respect to their products Estimated fixed costs kshs 1,200,000 Variable costs kshs 200 per unit Selling price kshs 400 per unit Required: Calculate the number of units to be sold so as to break even (12 Marks) QUESTION FIVE: (20 MARKS) a) Name four ways in which a company could finance a cash deficit. (4 Marks) b) Discuss the importance of budgetary control (8 Marks) c) Explain the limitation of budgets (8 Marks)

A request for information (RFI) is a standard business process used by customers to collect written information regarding the capabilities of various suppliers, which will better inform buying decisions. Overview Business requests are used to determine which suppliers can best meet a buying organisation‘s needs. The three standard types of business requests are the RFI, the RFP and the RFQ. The RFI is the most documents created by demand or buy-side companies to obtain services and resource information from supply side companies. The 3-to-5 page document provides an executive summary of the operation(s) to be outsourced, along with detailed information on the vendor‘s specific capabilities. The RFI is used less by procuring companies, but it can be very useful if there is little familiarity with prospective suppliers, or when there is a multitude of potential bidders. RFIs reduce the time and costs involved in evaluating potential suppliers and help ensure that bid participants are directly aligned which suppliers should receive an RFP or RFQ. In addition to gathering basic information, an RFI is often used as a solicitation to a broad base of potential suppliers for the purpose of developing strategy, building a database and preparing for an RFP or RFQ. Best practices An RFI signals to potential bidders that a competition will ensue for product or services, and that the potential client is seeking information in a formal, structured and comparable way. Ideally, it also demonstrates that the buyer respects the vendor‘s time and resources by requesting only the basic information needed to move forward with the process. Here are several best practices that have been identified within the RFI process: Follow an established format. It is important to gather information in a formal and structured manner that enables direct comparisons of supply-side companies. Be specific about the information needed. The more specific you are about the information you need, the more likely you are to receive a useful response. If your questions are too vague, the supplier may not understand what you are seeking, and will provide information that is irrelevant to your needs. Define precisely the information you want the supplier to include in your response. Limit the information request. Seek service and resource capability information only. Appropriate information could include specific details concerning the vendor‘s abilities to perform a given service, or to provide personnel, facilities etc. It might also include financial statements, an explanation of the supplier‘s corporate culture, and profiles of its senior management, company goals, quality assurance activities and projects under contract. Do not request pricing information. Pricing information is not needed at this introductory stage. Extraneous details concerning methodology are similarly useful only in later stages. Be considerate. Remember that the ultimate goal of this information gathering exercise is to establish a relationship with a respected business partner. The success of any such partnership involves mutual consideration, beginning with initial requests for the time and resources. Above all, the process should be engaged without prejudice for or against any individual supplier. Be cost conscious. Remember also that there is a cost to the supplier to prepare responses. The more you ask of the supplier during the request process, the more cost you add to their business. They will need to add that cost into their pricing models.

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2017/2018 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DBIT 307: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT DATE: NOVEMBER, 2017 TIME: 1 ½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer any THREE questions. QUESTION ONE (a). Business is sometimes thought of differently by different people at different times. Describe the concept of business. 10Marks (b). Good management in business is important. Describe the main departments found in most business organisations. 10Marks (c). When one is planning to start a business, various objectives are considered. Discuss the bottom-line objective of business. 10Marks QUESTION TWO Various forms of business do exist. (a).Discuss Partnership as a form of business citing the different types of partners and their participation in the partnership. 8Marks (b). Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this form of business. 12Marks QUESTION THREE A company’s business environment consists of actors that affect its ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with its target customers. The process of analyzing the environment is also known as environmental scanning. Explain the importance of environmental scanning to a company. 20Marks QUESTION FOUR (a). Discuss Corporate Social Responsibility. 4Marks (b). Explain the arguments that support Corporate Social Responsibility. 16Marks QUESTION FIVE (a). Define Entrepreneurship, describe an entrepreneur and state the Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs. 15Marks (b). Briefly describe the entrepreneurial process. 5Marks

Procurement lead time is significantly reduced given that there‘s no need to prepare solicitation documents, or to advertise requirements. And the period for quotations submission is also equally reduced. The number of quotations received is limited to the number of bidders quotations were requested from, so the selection process time is also reduced. To procuring and/or requesting entities would usually have a pretty good idea of where and from whom the goods, services or works can be procured, so there‘s a higher probability of response to the request for quotations. Disadvantages of Request for Quotation Procuring entity can find itself in irregularities because it decided which suppliers, contractors or service providers to send request for quotations to, and competition is very limited. Could be abused as a result of breaking of requirements into smaller sizes in order to apply this method of procurement, Could easily lead to requesting quotes from a limited number of firms even if the goods services or works are available from a greater number.

A request for quotation is a standard business process used to invite suppliers to participate in the bidding process for specific products or services. It is a document that is created in order to obtain detailed pricing information. Overview An RFQ is typically the final document created to solicit cost information from a supplier for particular products or services. The RFQ should be completed after some level of due diligence has been met. Experts recommend that it may be produced following the completion of a Request for Proposal (RFP). For example, RFQs are typically used following the buying company‘s determination that all work-related issues and questions have been answered to its satisfaction. It knows the precise requirements of the requested services and products, and whether the provider meets financial, professional and capacity-related concerns. RFQs generally are employed as stand-alone requests when the product being purchased is a commodity, a standard product with little to no service attached, or when the buyer already has familiarity with supplier(s) and only desires new pricing information. Typically, the buyer has already gathered other relevant information and is only interested in the price. In addition, RFQs are frequently provided as an add-on to an RFP. RFQs can be as short as a single page. The quality of the activity, and the accuracy and credibility of the quote, is dependent on the sophistication and success of the earlier proposal activities. Best practices Numerous RFQ best practices have been identified by surveys, studies and practical experience of outstanding parties. Here are some to consider: 1. Be specific – stipulate all pricing and product specifications. For example, buyers are encouraged to ask the supplier to define all details related to the price such as quantity, volume discounts etc. 2. Define service expectations – be certain to detail what you expect from the supplier regarding services and support of the product for which you are getting quoted. 3. Request delivery expectations – if this important detail is not already stipulated in the RFP, buyers will need to schedule delivery of products and services. 4. Be cost conscious – remember that there is a cost to the supplier to prepare responses. Requesting information that does not add value to your business only adds cost and sours the relationship. 5. Give the supplier appropriate time to respond – suppliers need ample time to develop and work through solution ideas. Two weeks is the minimum recommended time expected for a supplier to respond to an RFQ. It can be longer depending on the complexity of the engagement and the amount of information requested.

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2017/2018 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DBIT 306: OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN DATE: NOVEMBER, 2017 TIME: 1 ½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer any THREE questions. QUESTION ONE (a) Differentiate between the following terms as used in OOAD (8 Marks) i. OOA and OOD ii. Multi-level and multiple inheritance (b) With the aid of diagrams discuss the symbols and notations of a Use Case diagram (5 Marks) (c) Explain the following OOAD concepts (6 Marks) i. Polymorphism ii. Abstraction iii. Encapsulation (d) Define a class. (1 Mark) QUESTION TWO (a) Relationship is an important building block of UML. It shows how elements are associated with each other and this association describes the functionality of an application. With the aid of diagrams explain the following types of relationships (8 Marks) i. Dependency ii. Association iii. Generalization iv. Realization: (b) Create a class hierarchy to organize the following drink classes: Alcoholic, Nonalcoholic, grape juice. mineral water, lemonade, beer and wine (6 Marks) (a) Briefly explain the SDLC (7 Marks) QUESTION THREE (a) Differentiate between the following set of terms as used in UML diagrams: (8 Marks) i. Branch and Merge ii. Fork and join iii. Extends and include iv. Actors and uses cases (b) Using an example, explain the meaning of aggregation. (4 Marks) (c) Give FOUR advantages of OOP over structural programming (4 Marks) (d) List the three characteristics of an object (4 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (a) Draw a use case diagram for the scenario below: (8 Marks) The car rental agency has multiple offices. A customer visits the agency and takes a test ride then selects the car by signing the terms and conditions form. The customer can also book the car through telephone, email or SMS. The agency checks the availability of the car and gives the status to the customer. The customer can also request a driver if required by paying additional charges. The billing is done on the type of vehicle and distance covered. (b) Draw a UML class diagram for the people within the University: (8 Marks) Provide a class person. A person may be a citizen or foreigner male or female. Each person may play the role of a student or employee. Employee can either be professor or registrar. Student may be undergraduate, masters-student or Ph.D. student. (c) Differentiate between super and derived classes (4 Marks) QUESTION FIVE (a) Requirements is a description of something the system must be capable of doing or preventing in order that the system is fit for its intended purpose. Once collected they are documented in the SRS. Briefly explain the sections of the SRS document. (8 Marks) (b) Explain briefly the circumstances that make each of the following techniques appropriate for information gathering. (6 Marks) (i) Interviews (ii) Questionnaires (iii) Document review (c) Structured approach of software development could not cope with the increasing demand for complex software leading to a software crisis. Discuss (6 Marks)

The request for proposal (RFP) is two envelope procurement method that can be used for goods, services or works. It is used when suppliers, contractors or services providers are expected to propose a specific solution (methodology and work plan) to fulfilling a specific requirement. Firms are required to submit technical and financial proposals in two separate envelopes. The technical proposal is evaluated first and ranked according to pre-established evaluation criteria, and only the financial proposals of those firms that achieved the minimum qualifying mark (score), indicated in the RFP, are opened and evaluated. RFP method differs from open tendering in six fundamental aspects: Proposals are submitted in two sealed envelopes. At the opening event, the financial proposals are left unopened and are safeguarded. Financial proposals are opened only after completion of the evaluation of technical proposals. Only the financial proposals of the firms achieving the minimum qualifying mark or more are opened. Selection is based on a proposed solution and not on price. The sum of the combined weighted score of the technical and financial proposals determine the winning firm with the contract is negotiated. There are some differences in addition to the above, on the application of the request for proposal that introduce a bit of confusion with respect to this method. As with other methods, the use of this one must strictly adhere to the stipulations of the governing procurement legal framework. An RFP may be issued for a number of reasons. In some cases, the complexity of an IT project calls for a formal RFP. An organisation can benefit from multiple bidders and perspectives when seeking an integrated solution calling for a mix of technologies, vendors and potential configurations. A business moving from a paper-based system to a computer-based system, for example, might request proposals for all the hardware, software and user training required to establish and integrate the new system into the organisation. A simple hardware upgrade, in contrast, may only involve issuing a request for quotation to a single vendor. Some entities such as government agencies may be required to issue RFPs to provide full and open competition. An organisation may also release an RFP to boost competition to drive down the cost of a solution. That said, a proposal accepted on the basis of being the most responsive to and RFP‘s specification may not always be the lowest-priced bid.