May 9, 2022

Uncategorized

BUSINESS LAW NOTES MOUNT KENYA UNIVERSITY

THE NATURE, PURPOSE AND KINDS OF LAW NOTES – Click to view THE LAW OF PERSONS NOTES – Click to view THE LAW OF TORTS NOTES – Click to view CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT NOTES – Click to view THE LAW OF CONTRACT NOTES – Click to view LAW OF AGENCY NOTES – Click to view SALE OF GOODS ACT NOTES – Click to view HIRE PURCHASE NOTES – Click to view NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS NOTES – Click to view Business Law KNEC Notes

BUSINESS LAW NOTES MOUNT KENYA UNIVERSITY Read Post »

Uncategorized

BIT 2203 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2011/2012 YEAR II EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 2203 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS DATE: APRIL 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two Questions QUESTION ONE: (COMPULSORY) a) The management of XYZ Company is in the process of developing a new Information System. Discuss the four feasibility test that must be undertaken before the development process gets underway. (8 Marks) b) An obsolete information system could be defined as one that has reached the end of the economic useful life and is due for replacement by another information system. Discuss five symptoms of a system which is approaching the end of its useful economic life. (5 Marks) c) Frameworks for integrating IS strategies with business strategies may be considered either as Centralized or Decentralized. Differentiate between the two frameworks (4 Marks) d) Discuss five key challenges faced by management in building, operating and maintaining information systems in organizations. (5 Marks) e) Every organization exists within an environment that is also known as the society. Describe the elements that make up the organizations environment showing how each element influences the organization. (8 Marks) QUESTION TWO One approach to selection and acquisition of an Information System is by outsourcing the operations from an external vendor. Required a) State and explain four types of outsourcing. (4 Marks) b) Describe three levels of service provision from an external vendor. (6 Marks) c) Discuss the element of an outsourcing contract. (5 Marks) d) Outline three advantages and two disadvantages of outsourcing. (5 Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Define the following terms (6Marks) i. Strategy ii. Strategic management iii. Competitive advantage b) Discuss six strategic positioning choices which the strategic managers can make in order to maintain a competitive advantage in their organization. (6 Marks) c) Describe four strategic shifts that may result from the strategic positioning choices. (4 Marks) d) One important activity of strategic managers is strategic planning. Describe four characteristics of this activity. (4 Marks) QUESTION FOUR a) Differentiate between the following. (4 Marks) i. Data and Information ii. Information Technology and Information Systems b) Discuss five characteristics that information should possess in order to aid management in the performance of the key functions of planning, control and decision making. (5 Marks) c) With the help of a diagram discuss the knowledge hierarchy and show its importance to an organization. (6 Marks) d) Discuss five benefits of introducing Information Technology into the organization. (5 Marks) QUESTION FIVE a) Using a diagram describe the three levels of management that exist in all organization, explaining the nature of decisions made at each level as well as information need to make those decisions (6 Marks) b) State and explain four key attributes of strategic management. (4 Marks) c) Using the concept of the general systems theory, describe the main management functions in a business system and highlight the informational requirements of each function. (5 Marks) d) Systems are built from subsystems; there are two approaches to building systems from subsystems which are decomposition and clustering. Giving example, describe each one of them. (5 Marks)

BIT 2203 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS KCA Past Paper Read Post »

Uncategorized

BIT 2202 INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2011/2012 YEAR 2 EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 2202 INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT DATE: APRIL 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two Questions QUESTION ONE (Compulsory) a) Explain the benefits of off-the-shelf software packages offer to organizations (4 Marks) b) Discuss the basic tenets and main principles of the socio-technical approach to information systems development (6 Marks) c) Describe the approaches to addressing competitive effectiveness using IS/IT (4 Marks) d) Discuss the role of people in ISD (4 Marks) e) Describe Mumford’s three levels of user participation (3 Marks) f) Discuss two ways in which ICT-enabled organizational change can happen in an organization. (4 Marks) g) Discuss alternative ways of addressing resistance to change manifested in information systems projects. (5 Marks) QUESTION TWO a)Describe the business functions an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system support (6 Marks) b)Write a short report for a senior manager explaining the expected benefits of investing in a new Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system that will link to a number of other business systems currently in use. (10 Marks) c)For what type of systems development projects would you choose NOT to use a life cycle approach? (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Object-oriented software engineering has become very popular. With the help of an example define the terms object, encapsulation, and polymorphism. (6Marks) b) Explain the difference between requirements elicitation and requirements specification. (4 Marks) c) Providing definitions, advantages and disadvantages of each compare and contrast End-user development and out sourcing (10 Marks) QUESTION FOUR Explain and compare the implications of choosing Object Oriented Systems Development, as opposed to Structured Systems Development, for the following challenges in developing software. Your answer should include discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach for each challenge. a)Designing the software. (5 Marks) b) Producing the software code. (5 Marks) c) Testing the software product. (5 Marks) d) Documenting the software process. (5 Marks) QUESTION FIVE Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools are commonly used to support the automation of the software engineering process. a)Describe, using examples, three key software engineering activities which may be supported by CASE tools and explain how a team of software engineers may benefit from the use of CASE tools. (6 Marks) b) It is frequently argued that the use of ‘integrated CASE tools’ may improve the overall software engineering process. Explain what is meant by ‘integrated CASE tools’ and in what way it may improve the overall engineering process. (6 Marks) c) ‘Although the automation of the software engineering process seems like a desirable concept, the use of CASE tools will increasingly lead to the loss of jobs for software engineers.’ Discuss. (8 Marks)

BIT 2202 INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper Read Post »

Uncategorized

BIT 2201  SIMULATION AND MODELLING KCA Past Paper

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2011/2012 YEAR 2 EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 2201 SIMULATION AND MODELLING DATE: APRIL 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two Questions QUESTION ONE a) Define the following terms as used in simulation and modeling: i) simulation ii) system image iii)state variable iv)simulation algorithm v) queue (10 Marks) b) Differentiate the following terms: i) Point estimate and interval estimate ii) Verification and validation (8 Marks) c) What are the effects of dynamic complexity in a system? (3 Marks) d) Use a mixed linear congruential random number generator with a=71, m=31, c=17 and seed X0 = 117 to generate the first FIVE random variates on[0,1] (5 Marks) e) Giving an example in each case, describe the following methods of describing logic for discrete event simulation. i) Event – Oriented ii) Process – Oriented (4 Marks) QUESTION TWO a) List and discuss any FOUR disadvantages of simulation. (12 Marks) b) Discuss how simulation and modeling can help a bank facing serious Congestion problems in the banking hall overcome the problem. (8Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Consider a single server queuing system. The system starts at time t=0. The arrival times are: 1.1, 1.4, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 3.3, 4.0, 5.4, 5.9, 7.0, 7.8, and 8.6. The departure times are: 2.6, 3.0, 4.2, 8.0 and 10. Time is in minutes. Simulate this system for six customers and hence estimate, i) Expected average delay of a customer in the waiting line ii) Expected average number of customers in the waiting line iii) Expected utilization of Server. (12 Marks) b) Explain clearly how one can build a valid and credible model. (8 Marks) QUESTION FOUR a) Most simulation programming systems include a report generator to print out statistics gathered during the run. Describe any FIVE common required statistics, which are usually included in the output. (10 Marks) b) The time taken to process print jobs by a computer is given by: Test at 5% significant level whether this time follows an exponential distribution. (10 Marks) QUESTION FIVE a) Among the most compelling reasons for using simulation are the benefits gained by managers. Explain any THREE benefits. (9 Marks) b) Explain why animation is appropriate in explaining the behavior of a model when it is completed. (3 Marks) c) Describe any FOUR factors that should be considered when selecting simulation software. (8 Marks)

BIT 2201  SIMULATION AND MODELLING KCA Past Paper Read Post »

Uncategorized

BIT 2108 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 1 KCA Past Paper

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2011/2012 YEAR 2 EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 2108 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 1 DATE: APRIL 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two Questions QUESTION ONE a) Briefly explain the following terms in the context object oriented programming. i) Object oriented Programming (2 Marks) ii) function prototype (2 Marks) iii) encapsulation (2 Marks) iv) Polymorphism (2 Marks) b) Explain the meaning of ‘association’ concept in the context of object oriented programming. Write c++ code about kcau student using ‘association’ concept. (4 Marks) c) Briefly distinguish between direct and indirect base class. Write c++ code example to illustrate the two concepts. (4 Marks) d) What is Operator Overloading? Give one example in c++ (3 Marks) e) Discuss switch statement with syntax and example. (4 Marks) f) Describe the meaning of the term multiple inheritance? Write a program to implement multiple inheritance. (5 Marks) g) Distinguish between specialization and generalization concepts as used in object oriented programming. (2 Marks) QUESTION TWO a) Briefly explain the meaning of the following object programming concepts i) Class (2 Marks) ii) Object (2 Marks) iii) cout (2 Marks) b) Describe three properties of a ‘constructor’ as used object oriented programming. Write a sample c++ code that implements a class constructor (5 Marks) c) Write a c++ program for computing circumference of circle using the following c++ tools (5 Marks) i. Class ii. functions iii. variables d) Differentiate between private and public class. Elaborate with suitable example (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Briefly explain the meaning of the following object oriented programming concepts i) Polymorphism (2 Marks) ii) Abstraction (2 Marks) b) Explain the importance of stream classes as in c++ programming (2 Marks) c) Briefly explain the purpose for each the following stream classes. (3 Marks) i) i stream ii) io stream iii) o stream d) Describe three advantages of object oriented programming methodology (3 Marks) e) Write a program for computing the area of a rectangle and a circle using polymorphism concept (5 Marks) f)Explain the difference between prefix and postfix incremental operator. Give one example for each operator (3 Marks) QUESTION FOUR a) Describe the meaning of ‘friend class’ concept in the context of object oriented programming (3 Marks) b) Briefly explain the following c++ code using comments (5 Marks) #include <iostream.h> Class centigrade { Public: const float mult= 5.0/9.0; const int sub = 32; float fahr,cent ; }; void main( ) { cout<<“enter fareinheit temperature:”; cin>> fahr; cent=(fahr-sub) * mult; cout <<“centigrade equivalent of “<<fahr<<“is”<<cent<<endl; } c) Write a c++ program for capturing and displaying details of kcau_employee using classes and inheritance concepts. (5 Marks) d) Briefly explain three properties of static methods in the context of object oriented programming (3 Marks) e) Describe the meaning of the term ‘dynamic bidding’. Write a sample c++ code that implements dynamic bidding. (4 Marks) QUESTION FIVE a) Briefly explain the meaning of the following object oriented programming concepts i) Constructor (2 Marks) ii) Aggregation (2 Marks) iii)Composition (2 Marks) iv)Main Function (2 Marks) b) Describe the meaning of the term ‘overriding method’ in the context of object oriented programming. Write a sample c++ code that implements overriding concept (4 Marks) c) Describe the meaning of the term ‘overloading method’ in the context of object oriented programming. Write a sample c++ code that implements overloading concept (4 Marks) d) Write a c++ program that outputs grades A, B, C or D depending on Marks entered by a user of a certain subject (4 Marks)

BIT 2108 OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 1 KCA Past Paper Read Post »

Uncategorized

BIT 2107 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN KCA Past Paper

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2011/2012 YEAR 2 EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 2107 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN DATE: APRIL 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two Questions QUESTION 1: 30 MARKS (COMPULSORY) a) Define the term “Object-Oriented Paradigm” [2 Marks] b) Discuss two reasons that necessitated the shift from Structured System Analysis and Design to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design. [4 Marks] c) Discuss any four advantages of Object-Oriented Paradigm. [4 Marks] d) Using the example of a “bank account” and with the help of a UML diagram describe the following. [8 Marks] i. An object ii. A class e) Describe UML and the relevance of modeling in Object-Orientation. [6 Marks] f) A customer makes an order for a product in the inventory. There are two types of customers in the inventory system: “corporate customers” as well as “Personal customers”. Required, from the narrative above i. State the two relationships [1 Mark] ii. Draw a class diagram [5 Marks] QUESTION 2: 20 MARKS a) Define the following terms [3 Marks] i. Attribute ii. Method iii. Behavior b) Differentiate between an activity and an action [4 Marks] c) Using an appropriate example, and in UML describe the concept of overriding [6 Marks] d) The terms visualization and documentation are some of the elements achieved via the use of UML. Explain what the meaning of these two terms. [4 Marks] e) By use a suitable example, describe the concept of multiple inheritance. [3 Marks] QUESTION 3: 20 MARKS a) Differentiate between a model and a diagram [4 Marks] b) Describe what a class diagram is, explaining when it is appropriate. [3 Marks] c) By use of appropriate examples and in UML, define the following relationships [9 Marks] i. Association ii. Inheritance iii. Aggregation d) State and explain two benefits and costs of inheritance [4 Marks] QUESTION 4: 20 MARKS a) Read the following narrative then answer the questions that follow A student is registered once his certificates have been verified to conform to the admission criteria for the university admission. After that a student is either on session, on academic leave or graduate. A student is on session once he is registered for a new semester and has paid the full fees for tat semester, otherwise on academic leave once the leave application has been granted. A graduate student is one who has successfully completed all the required course units, has passed and finished all the fee requirements. i. Describe a state diagram [2 Marks] ii. Draw a state diagram [6 Marks] b) Discuss the concept of abstraction stating its importance in Object-Orientation [2 Marks] c) Differentiate between the terms “interface” and “implementation” as used in Object-Orientation. [4 Marks] d) Describe the following terms stating the relationship between them [6 Marks] i. Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) ii. Object-Oriented Design (OOD) iii. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) QUESTION 5: 20 MARKS a) Read the following scenario and answer the questions that follow A video library stocks the both DVDs and video tapes. When a potential client visits the shops, the librarian checks in the database to establish whether the client is registered or not. If the client is not registered, he/she is advised by the librarian to register with the library first before any services could be rendered. Once a client has been registered, he/she is eligible to borrow at most one library item per week. The item borrowed must be returned before any other item can be borrowed. If the client does not return the item within a month, he/she is surcharged a certain amount per day up to the time he/she returns the item. Required: i. Describe what a use case is. [2 Marks] ii. Show that notation used in a use case [2 Marks] iii. Identify the actors in the scenario above [3 Marks] iv. Draw a use case diagram to model the video library system. [6 Marks] b) From the scenario described in 5a) above, draw a sequence diagram. [7 Marks]

BIT 2107 OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN KCA Past Paper Read Post »

Uncategorized

BIT 2106 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES KCA Past Paper

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2011/2012 YEAR 2 EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 2106 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES DATE: APRIL 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two Questions QUESTION ONE: 30 MARKS (COMPULSORY) a) Differentiate between system engineering and software engineering [4 Marks] b) Using the example of an “employee” and in UML describe the concepts of objects and classes in the context of Object-Oriented Design [8 Marks] c) Discuss four software cost estimation techniques [8 Marks] d) Giving examples discuss the types of non-functional requirements [6 Marks] e) Discuss four sources of changes in software requirements. [4 Marks] QUESTION TWO: 20 MARKS a) Define the term software maintenance [2 Marks] b) Discuss the importance of maintenance [4 Marks] c) Describe four types of maintenance [8 Marks] d) Discuss the following quality factors in software, stating the metric for measuring each one of them [4 Marks] i. Portability ii. Usability QUESTION THREE: 20 MARKS a) Describe a critical system [4 Marks] b) Discuss the “dependability” requirement in critical system. [4 Marks] c) Discuss three types of critical systems [6 Marks] d) State and explain three types of failures in critical systems [6 Marks] QUESTION FOUR: 20 MARKS a) Suppose that you are carrying out the software validation activity. Differentiate between the following activities, explaining when each takes place and its importance. Use examples where applicable. [6 Marks] i. Verification and Validation ii. Static verification and dynamic verification b) Briefly discuss the following testing strategies [4 Marks] i. Black box testing ii. White box testing iii. Unit testing iv. Stress testing c) With the help of a well labeled diagram, discuss the component-based (CBSE) approach to software development. [10 Marks] QUESTION FIVE: 20 MARKS a) Describe the following software design approaches [4 Marks] i. Application Architectures ii. User-Interface Design b) Giving examples, describe the following types of application architectures [4 Marks] i. Data processing systems ii. Transaction processing systems c) Discuss the following requirement engineering techniques, citing an advantage of each [6 Marks] i. Interviews ii. Use cases d) State and explain the challenges that are facing software engineers in the 21st Century [6 Marks]

BIT 2106 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES KCA Past Paper Read Post »

Uncategorized

BIT 2105 APPLICATION PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2011/2012 YEAR 2 EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 2105 APPLICATION PROGRAMMING DATE: APRIL 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two Questions QUESTION ONE (COMPULSORY 30 MARKS) a) Differentiate between ADO and DAO data controls as used in Visual Basic stating clearly which you would prefer when creating a database application and why. (6 Marks) b) In Visual Basic, there are 2 types of procedures. Describe them using examples (6 Marks) c) Visual Basic stores code in 3 kinds of modules: describe each briefly. (9 Marks) d) i) Explain the need for reports in application development (3 Marks) ii) Describe how you can create a report in VB 6 (6 Marks) QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS) a) Differentiate between the following controls i) Picturebox and Image control ii) Option button and Check box control (4 Marks) b) The value of the variable in a procedure is local to that procedure in VB. Explain the significance of this characteristic of VB procedures (4 Marks) c) Define the following terms and clearly show how they are declared and initialized: i) Variable ii) Constant iii)Array (6Marks) d) Describe the following argument passing mechanisms as used in VB. (6Marks) i) Passing by reference ii) Passing by Value QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS) a) i) Using an example to illustrate explain why lists are useful in many user interfaces today (4Marks) ii) Describe two ways used to populate a list in VB (6 Marks) b) Briefly describe any TWO advantages of using sub procedures or functions in a program. (4Marks) c) Describe three different ways of declaring variables in VB (6Marks) QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS) a) List any 3 objects and 3 events used in VB and explain their functions. (6 Marks) b) List and briefly describe 4 flow control constructs supported by Visual Basic. (4 Marks) c) Briefly explain the difference(s) between design-time and run-time modes in Visual Basic. (4 Marks) d) Explain briefly the following events stating one possible use for each. i) Form Load ii) KeyPress iii) Query Unload (6Marks) QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS) You have confirmed with senior management that the Statement of User Requirements for your project is acceptable and you are now able to proceed to the development stages. Your are considering the possibility of using Rapid Application Development Techniques (RAD). List : a) the advantages of using RAD (10 Marks) b) the risks associated with this approach (10 Marks) (Total 20 Marks)

BIT 2105 APPLICATION PROGRAMMING KCA Past Paper Read Post »

Uncategorized

BIT 2104 DATABASE SYSTEMS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2011/2012 YEAR 2 EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 2104 DATABASE SYSTEMS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT DATE: APRIL 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question One and Any other Two Questions QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS) a) State the use of the following clauses in a typical SQL statement i) REFERENCES (2Marks) ii)ROLLBACK (2Marks) iii) DISTINCT (2Marks) iv) ALTER TABLE (2Marks) v) COMMIT (2Marks) b) Outline four functions of a database management system (4Marks) c) Define the term ‘database transaction’ and identify four properties exhibited by database transactions (10Marks) d) Describe three levels of the database architecture (6Marks) QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS) a) Define the following terms as used in the control of concurrent database transactions; i) Shared lock ii) Timestamp iii) Deadlock (6Marks) b) Consider the CUSTOMER relation with fields as follows; CustomerId Names Address City Age Write SQL statements to perform the following transactions; i) Return details of all customers aged below 30 years who reside in Nairobi city (3Marks) ii)Insert the data (5001, Mary Mutuku, Box 56 Machakos, Machakos and 34 years) into the respective columns (3Marks) iii) Amend the city data from ‘Machakos’ to ‘Mombasa’ for a Customer Id ‘5001’ (3Marks) Hint: Assume that CustomerId and Age are number fields iv) Empty the CUSTOMER relation of all data (2Marks) c) List three functions of the data dictionary (3Marks) QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS) a) Identify two properties that a primary key must possess; (2Marks) b) Explain the benefits of the object-oriented data modeling (6Marks) c) A popular method of implementing concurrency control in a multi-user database environment is through the use of data locking mechanisms. i) Define the concept of data locking (2Marks) ii) Identify and describe five data locking levels (10Marks) QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS) a) Define the term ‘Query by example’ (QBE) (2Marks) b) The following diagram illustrates a QBE interface LECTURERS staffNo staffName status deptName salary p. p. Computer Studies >50,000 i) State the result of the following above execution (4Marks) ii)Write a corresponding SQL statement that would yield the same result (4Marks) c) Define the following attributes in relational database design; i) Multi-valued attribute (2Marks) ii) Composite attribute (2Marks) iii) Derived attribute (2Marks) d) Identify the steps during database design that will result in an entity-relationship diagram (4Marks) QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS) a) i) Define the term ‘Normalization’ with respect to logical data design (2Marks) ii) Describe any three anomalies that are associated with bad database design (6Marks) b) Below is a table illustrating the renting information for customers of DreamHome real estate company; CUSTOMER RENTAL TABLE i) The table above violates the rule of the first normal form (1NF). Explain how and identify a possible consequence of this inconsistency (4Marks) ii) With explanations organize the data in the table above into the 1NF, then into 2NF (8Marks)

BIT 2104 DATABASE SYSTEMS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper Read Post »

Uncategorized

CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT NOTES

4.1 Introduction In Kenya, employment is governed by the general law of contract, as much as by the principles of common law. Thus, employment is basically seen as an individual relationship negotiated by the employee and the employer according to their special needs. Parliament has passed laws specifically dealing with different aspects of the employer-employee relationship. These laws define the terms and conditions of employment, and consist mainly of four Acts of Parliament: The Employment Act (Cap. 226) and the regulation of Wages and Conditions of Employment Act (Cap. 229) make rules governing wages, housing, leave and rest, health and safety, the special position of juveniles and women and termination of employment. The latter Act, in addition, sets up a process through which wages and conditions of employment can be regulated by the Minister. The Factories Act (Cap. 514) deals with the health, safety and welfare of an employee who works in a factory. The Workmen’s Compensation Act (Cap. 236) provides for ways through which an employee who is injured when on duty may be compensated by the employer. The Employment Act does not make any provisions for wages in general. The minimum wage is dealt with by the Regulations of Wages and Conditions of Employment Act. 4.2 Unlimited and fixed-term contracts of employment Employment contracts may be for fixed or unlimited periods of time. If an employment contract specifies a fixed period of employment, the contractual relationship is automatically terminated at the end of this period, without being considered a resignation or a dismissal. Under section 15 of the Employment Act, such a contract may be prolonged for a period of service up to 1 month, if the employee is engaged in any journey. Until the very recent past most female civil servants and parastatals staff were employed on fixed term contract. In general, temporarily and fixed term employed workers enjoy all the rights of an employee working on permanent terms, except those that are excluded explicitly (such as entitlement to pensions) or by the nature of a short term assignment (such as annual leave). An employment contract, which does not specify a fixed period of duration, is considered to be for an unlimited period of time, but can be terminated by notice of either party. However, in the organized sector collective agreements which give workers tenure limit the employers’ ability to discharge and end the employment contract. Other limitations on terminating an individual labour contract are the principle of good faith and the requirement of non-discriminatory reasons. Under section 14 (1) of the Employment Act it is a legal requirement that certain contracts of service be made in writing. These are contracts: For a continuous period of 6 months; Which are not continuous, but for which the periods still add up to six months; and In which the task to be performed may last for six months. Where a contract is in writing, it must carry a signature or a fingerprint of the employee showing that she or he has agreed to its terms. There must also be a witness who is not the employer. It is the duty of the employer to make sure that the contract is written when this is required by the law. 4.3 Special Contracts of Employment 4.3.1 Casual Employment and Piecework employment Both types of employment are defined under section 2 of the Employment Act. The “casual employee” is “an individual the terms of whose engagement provide for his payment at the end of each day and who is not engaged for a longer period than twenty-four hours at a time”, and Piece-rate “means any work the pay for which is estimated by the amount of work irrespective of the time occupied in its performance”. Basically these categories of workers enjoy to a large extent the same rights as other employees, but may be excluded from many benefits, such as leave, medical cover or housing. 4.3.2 Apprenticeship Contracts Apprenticeship contracts that primarily intend to train young people in a profession are considered contracts of employment. The apprentice therefore enjoys all the rights and suffers all the obligations of an employee, subject to the terms of the contract. The only distinction between an apprentice and an employee is that the ‘full’ employment of an apprentice depends on his or her successful completion of the training. Apprenticeships in the industrial sector are governed by the Industrial Training Act, which provides that the rules and principles governing the must be applied, unless the Act expressly states an exception, or when the application of labour law would not be compatible with the nature and aim of the vocational training being undertaken. The minimum period of an apprenticeship contract under the Industrial Training Act, section 2, is four years of service. 4.3.3 Probation Kenyan statutes do not relate to trial periods for individual labour contracts. However, collective agreements generally establish a trial period, after which the worker receives tenure. Trial periods range between 3 weeks (under the Regulation of Wages (Tailoring Garment Making and Associated Trades) Order) and 3 years (the latter in the civil service). Government workers receive tenure according to the requirements set out in the Civil Servants Law (Appointments) and the Civil Service Rules, which are determined by the Civil Service Department of the Government. An employer may dismiss the worker during the trial period or at its conclusion, depending on the contract terms. Nevertheless, this termination of contract must be done in good faith. When the dismissal is unfair or causes the worker unusual injury, the court may award him damages. 4.4 Suspension of the contract of employment Under the Trade Disputes Act the labour contract is suspended if a worker participates in a lawful strike or is affected by a lawful locked out. Therefore, the employee does not violate his or her contractual obligations to his or her employer when he or she participates in a strike. Likewise, lockouts do not terminate the employment relationship. When the labour contract is suspended

CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT NOTES Read Post »

Uncategorized

BIT 1203 WEB DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2011/2012 FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1203 WEB DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT DATE: JULY, 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE a) Briefly explain the following as used in JavaScript i. OnFocus [2 Marks] ii. Document.WriteIn [2 Marks] iii. OnSubmit [2 Marks] b) Differentiate between a CGI script and CGI program. [4 Marks] c) Describe the web design process. [6 Marks] d) Differentiate between Java and JavaScript. [6 Marks] e) Write a html Code to produce the following table [8 Marks] QUESTION TWO a) Briefly explain Image maps, giving three advantages of using image maps in web pages [5 Marks] b) Write a code in PHP that will give an output on the screen, “Hello World” when executed. [5 Marks] c) Describe the functions of each of the following symbols as used in PHP code for a web page. [10 Marks] i. <? ii. ?> iii. <% iv. %> v. $myvar QUESTION THREE a) Animated graphics for a web takes various forms; a simple common form is an animated gif file. State and explain Four Commonly used tools for animation [8 Marks] b) Describe the function of ACTION and METHOD attributes as used in forms and show how they are used in a code. [4 Marks] c) Write a HTML code to produce the form below [8 Marks] QUESTION FOUR a) Draw a table to be generated by the following html code. NB: Approximate the sizes <html> <head> <title>New Page 1</title> </head> <body> <table border=”1″ cellpadding=”0″ cellspacing=”0″ style=”border-collapse: collapse”> <tr> <td width=”289″ height=”21″ colspan=”3″> <p align=”center”><b>KCA UNIVERSITY</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td width=”73″ height=”65″ rowspan=”2″ align=”center”>CLASSES</td> <td width=”73″ height=”65″ rowspan=”2″ align=”center”>REST SPACE</td> <td width=”141″ height=”23″>LIBRARY</td> </tr> <tr> <td width=”141″ height=”41″>MAIN ADMIN</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> [6 Marks] b) Describe the functions of the following HTML tags giving an example of their use. i. <FRAME> ii. <FRAMESET>………..</FRAMESET> iii. <NOFRAMES> ELEMENT [6 Marks] c) Briefly explain the features of World Wide Web (WWW) [5 Marks] d) Write a HTML code to insert a multimedia file called mysound.wav in web a page [3 Marks] QUESTION FIVE a) Write HTML code to divide the computer screen into frames as shown in figure below [6 Marks] Figure i b) Explain the following terms i. Firewall ii. A Web server iii. Protocol [6 Marks] c) Differentiate between XML and SGML. [3 Marks] d) Briefly explain the benefits of using XML. [5 Marks]

BIT 1203 WEB DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT KCA Past Paper Read Post »

Uncategorized

BIT 1110  MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENCES KCA Past Paper

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2011/2012 FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1110 MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENCES DATE: AUGUST, 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE c) Otieno wishes to save Ksh 30,000 in 3 years to start a computer cyber in Nairobi. At what rate of interest compounded continuously annually must he invest Ksh. 20,000 now to accomplish his goal. QUESTION TWO a) How many committees consisting of 5 students and 3 lecturers can be selected from a group of 10 students and 6 lecturers. (3 Marks) b) A coin is tossed 3 times, draw a tree diagram to show the possible sample space and estimate the probability of getting i. Three heads. ii. Two heads and a tail. Determine: i. Mean (3 Marks) ii. Mode (3 Marks) iii. Median (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE QUESTION FOUR QUESTION FIVE

BIT 1110  MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENCES KCA Past Paper Read Post »

Scroll to Top