May 11, 2022

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1301: PROBABILTY AND STATISTICS DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Define the following terms as used in probability and statistics: i) Set ii) Sample Space iii)Probability iv)Statistics v) Correlation vi)Skewness vii) Kurtosis viii)Mutually Exclusive Event (8 Marks) b) A newspaper vendor receives 600 newspapers daily as follows; 200 copies of newspaper A, 150 copies of newspaper B and 250 copies of newspaper C. On a particular day, 75% of A, 82% of B and 90% of C have prospects randomly inserted inside the paper. i) What is the probability that the first customer of the day receives a newspaper without a prospect? (3 Marks) ii) Suppose the customer received a newspaper with a prospect, what is the probability that he bought newspaper B? (3 Marks) c) A discrete random variable X has a probability distribution as given below: (5 Marks) Question Two The following table shows the distribution of marks of 40 students in a statistics examination. marks 0-10` 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 frequency 4 12 15 3 6 Calculate the: i) Average mark (4 Marks) ii)Mode (3 Marks) iii) Median (3 Marks) iv) Standard deviation (4 Marks) v)First coefficient of skewness and comment (3 Marks) vi) Moment coefficient of Kurtosis (3 Marks) Question Three (8 Marks) b) In a large flower farm 20% of a particular kind of flower is red and the remaining 80% is white. The farmer decides to take a sample of the flowers from the production. What is the probability that he obtains i) One or two red flowers in a sample of two ii) At least two red flowers in a sample of three iii)At most two red flowers in a sample of three. (9 Marks) c) A card is drawn at random from an ordinary deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the card drawn is a 10 or a spade. (3 Marks) Question Four a) In a class of 100 students, 32 students study psychology, 38 students study sociology and 30 students study philosophy. The end of semester summary was as follows: Average mark for Psychology is 68 Marks with a standard deviation of 5 marks, Average Mark for sociology was 80% with a standard deviation of 3 Marks, Average Mark for philosophy was 60% with a standard deviation of 4 marks. Calculate the mean and the standard deviation of the whole class. (10 Marks) b) Two events A and B are mutually exclusive. Copy and complete the contingency table below and hence determine (10 Marks) Question Five The mileage Y that can be covered with a litre of a certain brand of gasoline depends on the amounts X of a certain chemical additive in the gasoline. The following were results from 10 pairs of observations X and Y. i) Determine the product moment correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination between X and Y. Comment on your answer. (10 Marks) ii) Use the method of least squares to fit a regression line that can be used to predict mileage Y given the amount of chemical additive X in the gasoline. (8 Marks) iii)Estimate the mileage Y given that the amount of additive is 0.35. (2 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1206: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) i. Define a Boolean algebra (2 Marks) Question Two (20 Marks) a) i. Draw the graphs of , , , , W3 C3 K5 K3,4 and K1,6 (5 Marks) ii. Give an example in each case of special type of graph that is used in star, ring and hybrid topologies. Show diagrams in each case. (6 Marks) iii. Define a complete bipartite graph and give an example showing its graph (4 Marks) b) Show that the number of vertices of odd degree in a simple graph is always even (5 Marks) Question Three (20 Marks) a) Use the binomial theorem ii Obtain the degree of each vertex (4 Marks) iii. Obtain the path matrix (P) of the graph in d (i) above (6 Marks) Question Four (20 Marks) a) Define a lattice as used in posets (2 Marks) b) Draw a Hasse diagram for the following set under the divisibility relation { } 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,12,18,24 (8 Marks) i) Find the maximal and minimal elements (2 Marks) ii) Find the greatest and least elements, if they exist (2 Marks) iii)Find the all upper bound and all lower bound of the set B = {4,6,9} (2 Marks) iv) Find the least upper bound and greatest lower bound of B = {4,6,9}, if they exist (2 Marks) v) Is this poset a lattice? Give reason for your answer (2 Marks) Question Five (20 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1205: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One (Compulsory) a) Describe the six phases involved in the traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) (6 Marks) b) Why is the testing stage of systems development so important? (2 Marks) c) Define maintenance and explain the three activities involved in maintenance (7 Marks) d) Explain four methods of fact finding (4 Marks) e) Providing examples describe three reasons for systems requests (3 Marks) f) How is structured design related to structured programming? (4 Marks) g) Systems analysis is the analysis of a problem that the organization will try to solve with an information System. Give the four activities involved in the analysis (4 Marks) Question Two a) Describe four methods of system conversion (4 Marks) b) A company supplies a range of cosmetic products and gives discounts on orders as follows: For orders worth less than $50 a discount of 2% is given. For orders worth $50 and over a discount of 5% is given. These discounts are only given if the customer’s account is less than four weeks in arrears. If the account is more than eight weeks in arrears a pro forma invoice must be sent and settled before dispatch. Prepare a limited entry decision table (12 Marks) c) Define the terms (4 Marks) i) Decision tree ii) Decision table Question Three a) Using the following description prepare decision tree (10 Marks) A pizza delivery service varies its charges based on the distance from its operation base to the customer, the value of the order and the number of previous orders made by the customer. For any orders over £20 there is no delivery charge. For any orders over between £10 and £20 there is a delivery charge of £1.50 for customers within a 5 mile radius and £3 for customers further than 5 miles. For customers who have made more than 5 orders the delivery charge is halved. If an order is under £10 in value it must be collected. a) Describe the role of a system’s analyst in a software systems project (5 Marks) b) Discuss the different levels of CMM (5 Marks) Question Four a) What are the strengths and limitations of using methodologies based on a lifecycle? (6 Marks) b) Define the term Structured English (2 Marks) c) State three rules you need to conform to when using Structured English (3 Marks) d) Using examples explain three logical constructs of Structured English (9 Marks) Question Five a) Using a well labelled diagram describe the requirements engineering process (10 Marks) b) State and explain 4 functions of project management (8 Marks) c) Distinguish between the logical design and the physical design in system design process (2 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1204: FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Give reasons why the study of Fundamentals of Organizational Management is important to a Bachelor of Science and IT student [5 Marks] b) Explain the following System concepts and their significance in organizational management i) Environment ii) Goal [5 Marks] c) (i) Outline the levels of management that exist in organizations [4 Marks] (ii) For each of the levels, give two unique responsibilities associated with them [6 Marks] d) One of the major contributions to the Administrative theory of management was the idea of universal principles of management by Henri Fayol. Discuss [10 Marks] Question Two a) (i) Explain the concept of Organizational Social Responsibility. [4 Marks] (ii) With examples, highlight ways in which Kenyan organizations have been able to implement this concept [8 Marks] b) Describe the characteristics of effective organisational goals? [8 Marks] Question Three a) Discuss the Decision Making Process [ 10 Marks] b) Highlight ways in which MISs contribute to effective decision making in organizations [10 Marks] Question Four a) Discuss any THREE approaches to departmentalization in organizations. [6 Marks] b) State which one is the most preferred and why [4 Marks] c) Discuss ANY three approaches used by organizations to identify suitable candidates during the selection and recruitment of new staff [10 Marks] Question Five a) i) Discuss the factors that influence span of control in management [4 Marks] ii) Outline reasons that qualify planning as primary to other functions of management [8 Marks] b) Highlight ways in which the World Wide Web (WWW) is helping firms to coordinate activities across international markets. [6 Marks]

Definition of Production Production means application of processes (Technology) to the raw material to add the use and economic values to arrive at desired product by the best method, without sacrificing the desired quality. Types of Production Systems The organization of manufacturing systems, also planning and control of production greatly depends on type of product type of the product line. Basic principles that guide the formation of planning policy and its execution may be the same for all the manufacturing concerns. But emphasis on a particular aspect of production management in fulfilling of specific requirement of the plant and the management approach to the problems of inventory, machine selection, machine setting, tooling, routing, scheduling, loading, follow up and general control will differ depending on the type of production system. Intermittent production Job Production: In this system Products are manufactured to meet the requirements of a specific order. The quality involved is small and the manufacturing of the product will take place as per the specifications given by the customer. Examples include Tailors shop; cycle and vehicles repair shops, Job typing shops, small Workshops. Batch Production: Batch Production is the manufacture of number of identical products either to meet the specific order or to satisfy the demand. When the Production of plant and equipment is terminated, the plant and equipment can be used for producing similar products. Examples include Tyre Production Shops, Readymade dress companies, Cosmetic manufacturing companies…etc Continuous Production Continuous Production system is the specialized manufacture of identical products on which the machinery and equipment is fully engaged. The continuous production is normally associated with large quantities and with high rate of demand. Hence the advantage of automatic production is taken. This system is classified as Mass Production: Here same type of product is produced to meet the demand of an assembly line or the market. This system needs good planning for material, process, maintenance of machines and instruction to operators. Purchases of materials in bulk quantities are advisable. Examples include Components of industrial products, Flow Production: The difference between Mass and Flow Production is the type of product and its relation to the plant. In Mass Production identical products are produced in large numbers. If the demand falls or ceases, the machinery and equipment, after slight modification be used for manufacturing products of similar nature. In flow production, the plant and equipment is designed for a specified product. Hence if the demand falls for the product or ceases, the plant cannot be used for manufacturing other products. It is to be scraped. Examples include Cement Factory, Sugar factory, Oil refineries…etc. Product Pricing Product pricing refers to establishing a selling price for a product The basic rules of pricing are: All prices must cover costs and profits. The most effective way to lower prices is to lower costs. Review prices frequently to assure that they reflect the dynamics of cost, market demand, response to the competition, and profit objectives. Prices must be established to assure sales. Prices are generally established in one of four ways: Cost-Plus Pricing Many manufacturers use cost-plus pricing. The key to being successful with this method is making sure that the “plus” figure not only covers all overhead but generates the percentage of profit you require as well. If your overhead figure is not accurate, you risk profits that are too low. The following sample calculation should help you grasp the concept of cost-plus pricing: Demand Price Demand pricing is determined by the optimum combination of volume and profit. Products usually sold through different sources at different prices–retailers, discount chains, wholesalers, or direct mail marketers–are examples of goods whose price is determined by demand. A wholesaler might buy greater quantities than a retailer, which results in purchasing at a lower unit price. The wholesaler profits from a greater volume of sales of a product priced lower than that of the retailer. The retailer typically pays more per unit because he or she are unable to purchase, stock, and sell as great a quantity of product as a wholesaler does. This is why retailers charge higher prices to customers. Demand pricing is difficult to master because you must correctly calculate beforehand what price will generate the optimum relation of profit to volume. Competitive Pricing Competitive pricing is generally used when there’s an established market price for a particular product or service. If all your competitors are charging $100 for a replacement windshield, for example, that’s what you should charge. Competitive pricing is used most often within markets with commodity products, those that are difficult to differentiate from another. If there’s a major market player, commonly referred to as the market leader, the company will often set the price that other, smaller companies within that same market will be compelled to follow. To use competitive pricing effectively, know the prices each competitor has established. Then figure out your optimum price and decide, based on direct comparison, whether you can defend the prices you’ve set. Should you wish to charge more than your competitors, be able to make a case for a higher price, such as providing a superior customer service or warranty policy. Before making a final commitment to your prices, make sure you know the level of price awareness within the market. If you use competitive pricing to set the fees for a service business, be aware that unlike a situation in which several companies are selling essentially the same products, services vary widely from one firm to another. As a result, you can charge a higher fee for a superior service and still be considered competitive within your market. Mark-up Pricing Used by manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers, a mark-up is calculated by adding a set amount to the cost of a product, which results in the price charged to the customer. For example, if the cost of the product is $100 and your selling price is $140, the mark-up would be $40. To find the percentage of mark-up on cost, divide the dollar amount of

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1203: WEB DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Briefly explain the following concepts (i) Usenet [2 Marks] (ii) Gopher [2 Marks] (iii) Mailing Lists [2 Marks] b) State the difference between the following terms as used in HTML [6 Marks] (i) ROWSPAN and COLSPAN (ii) A tag and HREF tag (iii) FRAMESET tag and FRAME tag c) State and explain the attributes associated with rows and cells as used with the <Table> tag other than ROWSPAN and COLSPAN. [6 Marks] d) Briefly describe the function of the following elements [4 Marks] (i) THEAD (ii) TFOOT e) Write HTML code to divide a page into frames as illustrated in the diagram below [8 Marks] Question Two a) Describe the Web Design processes [6 Marks] b) List 4 guidelines a webmaster should follow when making a detailed design [4Marks] c) Write HTML code to generate the following table [8 Marks] d) Describe the tags used in HTML. [2 Marks] Question Three A training session is to be designed on how the company’s computers are linked together over the internet. Your task is to produce self-explanatory notes for the trainees Using examples produce a set of notes explaining each of the following computing terms:- (i) Client [5 Marks] (ii) TCP/IP [5 Marks] (iii) Web Browser [5 Marks] (iv) Get/Post [5 Marks] Question Four (a) Describe the functions of the following tags (i) <IMG SRC> [2 Marks] (ii) <BORDER> [2 Marks] (iii) <ALT> [2 Marks] (iv) <VSPACE> [2 Marks] (v) <VALIGN> [2 Marks] (vi) <HSPACE> [2 Marks] (b) Explain the functions of the following servers (i) File server [2 Marks] (ii) Printer server [2 Marks] (iii) Proxy server [2 Marks] (iv) Application server [2 Marks] Question Five a) Explain how one would insert the following in HTML page give the tags involved, its attributes and the code (i) Inserting an image (ii) Inserting horizontal line (iii) Alternating Scrolling text on the screen [9 Marks] b) Explain the function of the following tags and write a HTML code to illustrate their usage (i) <DL> [3 Marks] (ii) <DD> [1 Mark] (iii) <DT> [1 Mark] c) Describe the function of the following HTML tags (i) <BR> (ii) <Basefont> (iii) <EM> (iv) <ADDRESS> [4 Marks] d) State two factors to take into consideration before inserting an image as background in a HTML document [2 Marks]

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1202: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Write down the general expression for a number in base-r system. [1 Mark] b) Do the following conversions: i) (41.75)10 to binary [3 Marks] ii) (513)10 to octal [3 Marks] iii) (FFA)16 to decimal [3 Marks] c) Find: i) The 10’s complement of (754)10 and (378)10, [3 Marks] ii) The difference (754-378) using 10’s complement [3 Marks] iii) Evaluate the 2’s complement of (1010100)2 [3 Marks] iv) Using 2’s complement find (1000011)2- (1010100)2. [3 Marks] d) Represent (15)10 in : i) Binary number [3 Marks] ii) Binary code [3 Marks] e) What is the binary result of the multiplication of unsigned binary numbers (10111010)2 and (111)2? [3 Marks] Question Two a) Implement the function y = ab + ab − using logic gates [4 Marks] b) Write down the dual of the following Boolean expressions: (i) x + y = y + x [4 Marks] (ii) x( y + z) = xy + xz [4 Marks] c) Find the complements of the following function: i) A′BC′ + A′B′C [4 Marks] ii) A(B′C + BC) [4 Marks] Question Three a) Define a flip-flop and explain how it works using a truth table. [6 Marks] b) Distinguish between a combinational circuit and a sequential circuit. [4 Marks] c) Describe the how a clock signal is incorporated in a D-Type Flip-flop. [5 Marks] d) Using an illustration show how a four bit shift register can be implemented using D-Type Flip-flops [5 Marks] Question Four a) Construct the Karnaugh map represented by the function F(x, y,z) = ∑(1,4,5,6). Write down the algebraic expression for the POS, SOP and the minimized function. [10 Marks] b) Draw the Karnaugh map for the Boolean function: F(A, B,C, D) = ∑(0,1,8,9,10,11,13,15) With don’t care set d(A, B,C, D) = ∑(2,5,6,7,14) . Write down the algebraic expression for the POS, SOP and the minimized function. [10 Marks] Question Five a) What is a multiplexer? [2 Marks] b) Explain with the aid of a diagram how a two-input multiplexer works. [4 Marks] c) Study the circuit below and construct a truth table. [10 Marks] d) Explain the function of the circuit. [4 Marks]

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1201: CALCULUS DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Find the domain and range of the following functions: Question Two Question Three Question Four Question Five

Introduction Management is involved in coordinating all factors of production so that they can contribute positively to the organizational goals. Management is involved in utilization of human resources and other resources such as machinery, capital, information and time in the organization. In this chapter we will address the basic functions of a manager, skills that effective manager requires , roles that managers have in their organizations and various management levels and decisions made in each of this levels. Definition Management is the process of achieving organizational goals through engaging in the four major functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Another defines management as the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals. Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. (Coulter & Robbins 2007) A more comprehensive definition of management states that management is a process of assembling and using resources (human, financial, material and information) in a goal directed manner to accomplish tasks in an organization. Managers are those individuals who bring together the money manpower materials and machinery necessary to operate a business. They make decision and decide course of action that the organization takes. A manager is someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals. Management levels Managers’ decisions vary with their level in the organization. Each level requires different skills too given the fact that they perform different functions. Top management includes president, chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and vice president (the titles may differ among organizations). The decisions that are made by managers in this level are strategic in nature meaning they stretch over five years and cover the whole organization. Decisions in this level are also unstructured and include answering questions such as should we expand? How can we expand? (Is it through acquisition or merger or joint ventures?) Middle level management includes position such as regional manager and departmental heads. They are responsible for business’s short-term decisions. Much of their work involves implementing in their region or department what the top managers have deliberated. The decision-making in this level is semi-structured since they have to conform to the top management decisions. First line management (supervisory) mostly oversees the employees who are engaged in day-to-day production process. They deal with issues such as employee absenteeism and customer complaints. (Madura 2007) Management Functions PLANNING Planning is the function of management that involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving these objectives. Planning requires that managers be aware of environmental conditions facing their organization and forecast future conditions. It also requires that managers be good decision-makers. Planning is a process consisting of several steps. The process begins with environmental scanning, which simply means that planners must be aware of the critical contingencies facing their organization in terms of economic conditions, their competitors, and their customers. Planners must then attempt to forecast future conditions. These forecasts form the basis for planning. Planners must establish objectives, which are statements of what needs to be achieved and when. Planners must then identify alternative courses of action for achieving objectives. After evaluating the various alternatives, planners must make decisions about the best courses of action for achieving objectives. They must then formulate necessary steps and ensure effective implementation of plans. Finally, planners must constantly evaluate the success of their plans and take corrective action when necessary. There are many different types of plans and planning. Strategic Planning Strategic planning involves analyzing competitive opportunities and threats, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, and then determining how to position the organization to compete effectively in their environment. Strategic planning has a long time frame, often three years or more. Strategic planning generally includes the entire organization and includes formulation of objectives. Strategic planning is often based on the organization’s mission, which is its fundamental reason for existence. An organization’s top management most often conducts strategic planning. Tactical Planning Tactical planning is intermediate-range planning that is designed to develop relatively concrete and specific means to implement the strategic plan. Middle-level managers often engage in tactical planning. Tactical planning often has a one- to three-year time horizon. Operational Planning Operational planning generally assumes the existence of objectives and specifies ways to achieve them. Operational planning is short-range planning that is designed to develop specific action steps that support the strategic and tactical plans. Operational planning usually has a very short time horizon, from one week to one year. ORGANIZING Organizing is the managerial function of arranging people and resources to work toward a goal. The purposes of organizing include but are not limited to determining the tasks to be performed in order to achieve objectives, dividing tasks into specific jobs, grouping jobs into departments, specifying reporting and authority relationships, delegating the authority necessary for task accomplishment, and allocating and deploying resources in a coordinated fashion. Organizing plays a central role in the management process. Once plans are created the manager’s task is to see that they are carried out. Given a clear mission, core values, objectives, and strategy, the role of organizing is to begin the process of implementation by clarifying jobs and working relationships. It identifies who is to do what, who is in charge of whom, and how different people and parts of the organization relate to and work with one another. All of this, of course, can be done in different ways. The strategic leadership challenge is to choose the best organizational form to fit the strategy and other situational demands. Organizing Decisions When organizing, managers must make decisions about the division of labour and work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of management, centralization, and formalization. Collectively, these decisions are often called organizational design- the process of structuring an organization Division of Labour or Specialization Division of labour contributes to increased productivity and efficiency by allowing workers to specialize and become proficient at a specific

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1108: BUSINESS COMMUNICATION DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Explain the benefits of listening for the management in an organization. (5 Marks) b) Show the differences in the following terminologies. (8 Marks) i) Bibliography versus reference list ii) Paraphrase versus summary iii) Plagiarism versus referencing iv) iv)Academic essay versus academic report c) As the person in charge of student-projects in your institution, what reasons would you give to students to encourage them to use visuals in their project presentations. (5 Marks) d) Write an essay on how to be a super secretary in a committee meeting. (12 Marks) Question Two a) What may a speaker personally do, to reduce the effectiveness of an oral presentation. (5 Marks) b) Write a letter to a friend explaining an effective study- reading strategy. (12 Marks) c) Explain the following types of communication using illustrations. (3 Marks) i) Verbal communication ii) Non-verbal communication iii)Graphic communication Question Three a) Communication, despite being broad in its definition has certain common characteristics which define it. Explain what these are using illustrations? (10 Marks) b) i) Explain different purposes of interviewing. (4 Marks) ii) Describe the steps you would take as a job-selection interviewer before the interview to ensure its effectiveness. (6 Marks) Question Four a) Write a memo to university staff on the benefits to a university when it is fully computerized? (10 Marks) b) Define the following four levels of communication within organization XYZ and use an example to illustrate each level. (8 Marks) i) Intra-personal communication ii)Inter-personal communication iii) Group communication iv) Mass communication c) What two important roles does feedback play in the communication process? (2 Marks) Question Five a) As a public relations manager in company ABC, write a report requested by the CEO on ‘The effectiveness of downward communication in company ABC’ (15 Marks) b) Explain two negative non-verbal cues that a listener can have. (2 Marks) c) Explain the following three meeting documents. i. minutes ii. agenda iii. notice (3 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1107: INTERNET TECHNOLOGY DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One (Compulsory 30 Marks) a) Explain How to enable or disable or delete Internet cookies using any browser (6 Marks) b) Clearly differentiate between FTP and TELNET. (4 Marks) c) Give a description of the following concepts i. URL ii. Browser iii. Meta-Search Engines iv. Packet switching v. HTML (10 Marks) d) With aid of a well labeled diagram, illustrate the five layers in the Internet protocol stack? What are the principle responsibilities for each of these layers? (10 Marks Question Two (20 marks) a) Differentiate between packet switching and circuit switching (6 Marks) b) Describe the different parts of a URL (6 Marks) c) Some companies have set up an intranet to help support their information services. The service may be backed by a database system that dynamically generates web pages. Explain how this differs from the more traditional method of client/ server databasing. (8 Marks) Question Three (20 marks) a) Using examples to illustrate differentiate between radio and physical network media (8 Marks) i) Explain the term “domain name service” (DNS) (3 Marks) ii) Describe the role played by the DNS in making the internet easy to use (6 Marks) b) Why is the number of internet top level domains deliberately kept low (3 Marks) Question four (20 marks) a) Describe the three parts of a computer host name. (9 Marks) b) Techniques and tools for searching the internet are imperative if one is to find useful information on the internet. Describe three types of searches that are common today (9 Marks) c) Define a blog (2 Marks) Question five (20 marks) a) The internet’s structure is roughly hierarchical. Explain using illustrations (9 Marks) b) Describe using illustrations one reason that can cause packet loss or delay on the internet(5 Marks) c) Describe the following malware (6 Marks) i) Spyware: ii) Worm: iii)Virus

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1106: COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One (30 Marks) a) Define the following computer architecture concepts; i) Register (2 Marks) ii) Pipelining (2 Marks) iii) Transistor (2 Marks) b) Discuss three major features of third-generation computers (6 Marks) c) Highlight four methods of computer file organization (4 Marks) d) i) Identify four reasons why a memory upgrade may be necessary (4 Marks) ii) Discuss two issues that must be considered when installing a processor (4 Marks) e) Discuss three major types of computer viruses (6 Marks) Question Two (20 Marks) a) Distinguish between the following electrical power issues citing their causes; i) Blackout (2 Marks) ii) Brownout (2 Marks) iii) Spike (2 Marks) b) i) Processor chip manufacturers are increasingly developing techniques to enhance performance and reliability. Discuss any three of these techniques (6 Marks) ii) Identify four functions of the system circuitry board (4 Marks) c) Identify two major categories of printers listing one example of each (4 Marks) Question Three (20 Marks) a) i) Define the term ‘system bus’ (2 Marks) ii) List and briefly describe three system buses (6 Marks) b) Discuss four hard drive considerations when upgrading a computer (8 Marks) c) Identify four differences between the mainframe and the super computer (4 Marks) Question Four (20 Marks) a) Identify the use of the following batch file management commands: i) Regedit (2 Marks) ii) Chkdsk (2 Marks) iii)Defrag (2 Marks) b) Convert the following denary numbers into their binary equivalents i) 4710 ii) 16210 (4 Marks) c) Convert the following hexadecimal numbers into their denary equivalents: i) 210216 ii) 9F16 (4 Marks) d) Perform the following binary arithmetic and then convert the result into denary: i) 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 12 ii) 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 12 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 + 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 12 + (6 Marks) Question Five (20 Marks) a) i) Define the term ‘computer program’ (2 Marks) ii) List any four programming languages that are in use today (2 Marks) b) i) Distinguish between RAM and ROM (2 Marks) ii) Highlight any four types of optical disks (8 Marks) c) Discuss the ‘fetch-execute’ instruction cycle, citing the registers memory and control unit (6 Marks)