May 12, 2022

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2012/2013 EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1110 MATHEMATICS FOR SCIENCE DATE: AUGUST, 2013 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO Questions QUESTION ONE QUESTION TWO a) The first, the third and the seventh terms of an increasing arithmetic progression are three consecutive terms of a geometric progression. If the first term of the arithmetic progression is 10, find the common difference of the arithmetic progression. (5 Marks) b) ABC is a triangle whose base BC=45 cm. The point X on BC is such that BX=21cm, QUESTION THREE a) Two lorries A and B ferry goods between two towns which are 33120km apart. Lorry A travelled at 5km/h faster than lorry B and lorry B took 4 hrs more than lorry A to cover the distance. Calculate the speed of lorry B. (6 Marks) b) Without using the calculator, find the value of in the equation QUESTION FOUR c) At the beginning of every year, a lady deposited Ksh 10 000 in a financial institution which paid compound interest at the rate of 20% p.a. She stopped further deposits after three years. The money remained invested in the institution for a further eight years. i) How much money did she have at the end of the first three years? (5 Marks) ii) How much interest did the money generate in the entire period. (5 Marks) QUESTION FIVE a) In how many ways can a class of 20 children be split into two groups of 8 and 12 respectively if there are twins in the class who must not be separated? (6 Marks) b) Determine the probability of having your birthday on a Sunday.

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2012/2013 EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1109 COMPUTER ORGANISATION & APPLICATIONS DATE: AUGUST, 2013 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and Any Other TWO Questions QUESTION ONE [30 MARKS] a) What is cache memory? [2 marks] b) What is the function of ALU? [2 marks] c) What is the function of CU? [2 marks] d) Describe the technological advancement in i) First Generation computers [2 Marks] ii) Third Generation computers [2 Marks] ii) Fifth Generation computers [2 Marks] e) Define the three main Buses? [6 marks] f) What is System Software? Give an example? [3 marks] g) What is a compiler? [3 mark] h) Convert the following: 110010110111.1100111 to: (i) Octal [2 Marks] (ii) Decimal [4 Marks] QUESTION TWO a) Describe FIVE functions of the operating system [5 marks] b) What is multitasking? [2 marks] c) Compare RISC and CISC architecture [6 marks] d) What is assembly language? [2 marks] e) Explain the meaning of the following terms within the context of computer systems i) Peripherals devices [ 1 mark] ii) Virtual storage [1 mark] iii) ROM BIOS [ 1 mark] iv) Co-Processor [ 1 mark] v) Motherboard [ 1 mark] QUESTION THREE (a) A computer system consists of the four main parts INPUT, CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU), SECONDARY or BACKING STORAGE and OUTPUT. Show these on diagrams indicating clearly: (i) The three component parts of the CPU. [6 Marks] (ii) The flows of program instruction, data and control within the computer system, making clear distinctions between them. [4 Marks] (b) List FOUR reasons why computer systems need secondary storage. [8 Mark] c) Would a system with magnetic disk and optical storage system meet all the storage requirements? [2 Marks] QUESTION FOUR a) Differentiate between SRAM and DRAM and with reasons state which one is suitable for making cache memory. (4 Marks) b) List any two pointing devices, which can be used to input data into computers and state the appropriate areas of application. (4 Marks) c) Differentiate between computer Architecture and Computer Organization. (4 Marks) a) The main role of the CPU is to execute instructions. Explain the steps involved during the execution of an instruction. (8 Marks) QUESTION FIVE By explaining each of the following terms distinguish between: (a) (i) Smart card and a card with a magnetic stripe. [2 Marks] (ii) MICR and OMR. [2 Marks] (iii) Laser printers and Dot-matrix printers. [2 Marks] (iv) Multiprogramming and Parallel Processing. [2 Marks] (v) Real time processing and On-line processing. [2 Marks] (b) (i) What do you understand by a Computer Network? Give two reasons why we network. [4 Mark] (ii) With the help of well illustrated diagrams, explain what you understand by: a) Star Topology b). Linear- Bus Topology c). Token-Ring Topology [6 Marks]

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1103: BASIC ELECTRICITY DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Define Kirchhoff`s current law and Kirchhoff`s voltage law. (4 Marks ) b) By drawing the two circuits which depict Kirchhoff`s laws, show how effective resistance of each circuit may be derived. (6 Marks ) c) Determine the standard values of the following resistors; giving minimum and maximum values of each resistor. (4 Marks ) (i) Brown-Green -Brown-Silver (ii) Orange-Blue-Silver-Gold d) Give the correct band-colours of the following standard resistors. (4 Marks ) (i) 3.6K ± 5% (ii) 180R ± 10% e) (i) Name the factors which affect the resistance of a conductor. (iii)Show clearly the relationship between the resistance and each of those factors stated in part (i) (6 Marks) f) Two resistors R1, R2 are connected in parallel across the dc source of voltage, E. If an ammeter A is connected to measure the total current and voltmeter V is connected to measure the p.d. across the resistor R2, draw a neat labeled circuit diagram of the circuit. (6 Marks ) Question Two a)Two resistors R1 = 560 R ± 10% and R2 = 430 R ± 5% are connected in a circuit to a 12V-dc source. Determine the minimum and maximum values of currents flowing from the 12V-dc source if; ( answers expressed in mA corrected to 2 dec. places ) (10 Marks) (i) R1 and R2 are in series. (ii) R1 and R2 are in parallel b)For the circuit shown in fig.Q2, determine an expression for the voltage V3 across R3, in terms of Fig. Q2 c)If in the circuit of fig. Q2, R1 = 15 Ω, R2 = 30 Ω, R3 = 45 Ω and E = 33 V, calculate; (i) the value of V3, (ii) the values of currents I2, I3 through R2, R3 respectively. (6 Marks) Question Three a)Define the term resistivity of a resistor and show its unit of measurement. (3 Marks) b)Three resistors (R1, R2, and R3) made from the same materials, have the dimension as shown in Table Q3 The current, I1 through resistor R1 is 2.0 A for a given voltage V. For the same voltage, applied separately across R2 and R3, determine the values of currents I2 and I3. (7 Marks) c) Fig. Q3 (c) shows a simple electrical circuit. Fig. Q3 (c) By applying the Kirchhoff`s laws, determine the values all the currents I1, I2 and I3, flowing through R1, R2 and R3. (10 Marks) Question Four a)Sketch neatly the variation of sinusoidal voltage for an ac power supply. (2 Marks) b)Mark and label the following parameters/quantities on the waveform of part (a) (3 Marks) (i) – Peak-to-peak value (ii) – r.m.s. value (iii) – total period c)An ac power supply of 220V is connected in series with a load resistance of 100 ohms. Determine the values of the following quantities; (12 Marks) (i) maximum current, minimum current, average current, and root mean square (r.m.s.) current. (ii) the power consumed by the load resistance. d)Give three advantages of ac power supply system over dc power system. (3 Marks) Question Five a)Explain why it’s advisable (recommended) to switch off supply to computer systems right from the supply socket when those systems are off and are not being used. (4 Marks) b)A capacitor C and a resistor R are connected in series as shown in fig. Q 5 (6 Marks) (i) When the supply V is switched on, sketch the variation of voltage VC across the capacitor with time. (ii) State the condition under which the circuit current will become zero. (iii) Give an expression for the time-constant of the circuit. c)If in fig.Q5, C = 100 uF, R = 1k Ω and V = 120V dc, determine; (8 Marks) (i) the time-constant of the circuit, (ii) the time at which VC = 75 V d)Explain why an electrolytic capacitor should never be charged by connecting it directly across the dc supply without a resistor in series with it. (2 Marks)

Purpose The theory of demand and supply enables us to understand the determination of prices and quantities in different markets. For example, why the prices of agricultural commodities such as tomatoes, apples, mangoes and cabbages increase and decrease at certain times of the year, why have the prices of computers, music systems and television sets been steadily declining over time. An understanding of the working of the price system provides us with the answers to some of these questions. The price system provides the basis for determining the prices of factors of production. Specific Objectives At the end of this lesson you should be able to: Outline the key determinants of demand and supply Explain the difference between a movement along a demand and supply curve and shift of the curve. Explain the concept of market equilibrium Distinguish between maximum and minimum price controls and explain the consequences of each Compute equilibrium values in elementary market models. 2.1 Definition of Demand Demand refers to the quantity of a commodity that consumers are willing and able to purchase at any given price over a given period of time. It is important to realize that demand is not the same thing as want, need or desire. Only when want is supported by the ability and willingness to pay the price does it become an effective demand and have an influence on the market price. Hence demand in economics means effective demand. It is different from desire in that it has to be supported by the ability to purchase the product/service. The price of a commodity is most important factor/determinant of demand. All factors affecting demand other than the price are referred to as conditions for demand. While analyzing the relationship between price and quantity of demand economists assume that all factors affecting demand remain constant. An individual demand for a given good can be presented in a form of a demand schedule. A demand schedule is a table showing quantity of a commodity that could be purchased at various prices. The Table 2.1 shows an individuals demand for commodity X From the table, 65 units of commodity X will be demanded per week if the price is Kshs 6 per unit. A demand schedule can be represented in the form of a graph known as a demand curve. Figure 2.1 shows the demand curve for commodity X. The curve shows graphically the relationship between quantity demanded and the price of the commodity. A demand curve has a negative slope. It slopes downwards from left to right showing that as the price of a commodity falls demand increases. The inverse relationship between the price of a commodity and the quantity demanded is what is referred as the law of demand. This law states that, “ceteris paribus (other things remaining constant), the lower the price of a commodity the greater the quantity demanded by the individual and vice versa”. Exceptions to the Law of Demand There are some demand curves that slopes upwards from left to right showing that as the prices of a product rise more is demanded and vice versa. This type of demand curve is known as regressive, exceptional or abnormal demand curve and occurs in the following situations: When there is fear of a more drastic price changes in the future. This will causes consumers to increase there quantity demanded to avoid paying a higher price in the future. This situation is often found in the stock exchange where there is often an increase in the demand of shares of a company if its shares are expected to increase. In the case of giffen goods. This refers to basic foodstuffs that constitute a high proportion of the budget of low income families. When the price of a giffen good rises, the proportion of the total income of individuals who consumes these giffen goods rises and since such consumers are worse off in real terms, they can no longer afford to consume other more expensive commodities like meat and fruits. To make up for the goods they can no longer afford to buy, they are more likely to purchase more of basic foodstuffs; conversely when the price of basic foodstuffs falls. They become better of in real terms and are likely to buy more or relatively more expensive foodstuffs and less basic foodstuffs. Goods of ostentation (Veblen goods). These are commodities whose prices falls in the upper price ranges and that have a snob appeal. The wealthy are usually concerned about status. Believing that only goods at high prices are worth buying and worth the effect of distinguishing them from other consumers. In the case of such commodities, a firm increasing its prices may find that the sales of its product increase and at lower prices less of the commodity may be bought as the commodity is rejected as being substandard. Consumers often in making comparisons between similar products with different prices opt for relatively more expensive product believing it to be better. As prices increase demand increases this is referred to as sonob effect. Examples of goods of ostentation are expensive perfume, jewellery, cars clothes, etc. The demand curve will be positively slopping as indicated in Figure 2.2. 2.2 The Determinants of Demand The demand of the product can be considered from the standpoint of either individual demand or market demand. Demand for any commodity can be considered from two points of view: 1. Individual demand is the amount the individual is willing and able to buy at a given price and over a given period of time. Factors affecting individual demand are; Price of the product Price of other related goods Consumer’s income Consumer’s tastes and preferences Future expectation in price changes Advertising Other factors such as subsidies, climate change etc. The price of the product. When deciding whether or not to buy a particular product, an individual will compare the price of the product and the amount of utility or satisfaction expected to be received from the

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1102: FOUNDATION PHYSICS FOR IT DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Some useful constants; Acceleration due to gravity, g= 9.8 ms-2 1 mile = 1609 m = 1.609 km 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm 1 m = 39.37 in. = 3.281 ft 1 in. = 0.0254 m = 2.54 cm 1 lb = 0.465 kg 1 oz = 28.35 g 1 slug = 14.59 kg 1 day = 24 hours = 24 * 60 minutes = 24 * 60 * 60 seconds Question One a) (i) What is the difference between fundamental quantities and derived quantities? [3 Marks] (ii) Convert the speed limit of 80 km/hr to m/s [2 Marks] (iii) A car is traveling at a speed of 38.0 m/s. Is the driver exceeding the speed limit stated in (ii)? [2 Marks] b) What are the fundamental units of the following? i) Mass [1 Mark] ii) Length [1 Mark] iii) Time [1 Mark] c) Determine the dimensions of the following quantities: (i) volume [1 Mark] (ii) acceleration [1 Mark] (iii)density [1 Mark] (iv)force [1 Mark] (v) charge [1 Mark] d) A 16kg block rests on a horizontal surface. A force of 5N is required to cause the block to break away and start moving, a force of 3N is sufficient to keep the block sliding at a constant speed once it is set in motion. Calculate the kinetic and static coefficients of friction. [3 Marks] e) A force has x, y components of 3 and 4 respectively. i) Express the force as a vector in rectangular coordinates. [2 Marks] ii) Determine the magnitude of the force. [2 Marks] f) What are the differences in the arrangement of molecules in a solid, liquid and a gas? [3 Marks] g) With the aid of clearly labeled sketches describe the terms specular and diffuse reflection[3 Marks] h) The wavelength of red light in air is 633nm but 474nm in the liquid inside the eyeball. i) Calculate the index of refraction of the liquid in the eyeball. [2 Marks] ii) Determine the speed and frequency of the light in the substance. [3 Marks] Question Two a) A lift starts at ground level and accelerates as 1.2 m/s2 for 5s. It then moves with uniform speed for 10s and finally stops at the top floor of a building with retardation (deceleration) of 2.0 m/s2 (i) Draw the speed time graph of the motion [6 Marks] (ii) What is the height of the building? [4 Marks] b) (i) Briefly define freefall. [3 Marks] (ii) A worker drops a hammer from the top of a 60m high building. If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, how long does the worker have to shout down to warn colleagues (if his warning is to reach them before the hammer!) Neglect air resistance. [7 Marks] Question Three a) A football kicker can give the ball an initial speed of 25 m/s. What are the least and greatest elevation angles at which he can kick the ball to score a field goal from a point 50. m in front of goalposts whose horizontal bar is 3.44 m above the ground ? [4 Marks] b) A car is driven east for a distance of 50 km, then north for 30 km, and then in a direction 30o east of north for 10 km. i) Draw a vector diagram for the motion of the car. [4 Marks] ii) Determine the magnitude and direction of the final displacement of the car from its starting point. [6 Marks] c) A roller coaster cart of mass m= 300 kg starts at rest at point , whose height off the ground is h1= 25m , and a little while later reaches point , whose height off the ground is h2=7m . What is the potential energy of the cart relative to the ground at point ? What is the speed of the cart at point , neglecting the effect of friction? [4 Marks] Question Four a) A car of mass 1000 kg traveling at 30m/s has its speed reduced to 10m/s by a constant breaking force over a distance of 75m. Find: (i) The cars initial kinetic energy [5 Marks] (ii) The final kinetic energy [5 Marks] (iii)The breaking force [5 Marks] b) A 0.075 kg arrow is fired horizontally. The bow string exerts an average force of 65 N on the arrow over a distance of 0.90m. What speed does the arrow have upon leaving the bow? [5 Marks] Question Five a) (i) A wave has a wavelength of 15 cm and has a frequency of 10 waves/second. Determine the speed of the wave? [3 Marks] (ii) The speed of a wave on a rope is 50cm/s and it’s wavelength is 10cm. What is it’s frequency? [3 Marks] (iii) A wave is traveling with a velocity of 125m/s and has a frequency of 20 waves/second. What is the length of the wave? [3 Marks] b) The speed of sound in air is a bit over 300 m/s, and the ratio of the frequency of the light wave to that of the sound wave is about 1000000. Suppose we make a sound wave and a light wave that both have a wavelength of 3 meters. i. Determine the speed of light in air. [3 Marks] ii. Determine the frequencies of light and sound waves [3 Marks] iii.Write down the equation of a general harmonic wave. [2 Marks] iv. Show how your equation can be modified to indicate the direction of the wave motion. [3 Marks]

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 FIRST YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 1101: LINEAR ALGEBRA DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Define the following terms as used in Algebra: (9 Marks) i) Eet ii) Product set iii) Tautology iv) Power set v) Proposition vi) Conjuction vii) Contradiction viii) Argument ix) Fallacy d) In a survey of 60 people, it was found that 25 read Newsweek, 26 read Time and 23 read fortune. Also 11read both Newsweek and Time, 9 read Newsweek and Fortune, 8 read both Time and Fortune, and 3 read all three magazines. Find the number of people who read: (8 Marks) i) Only Newsweek ii) Only Time iii) Only Fortune iv) Newsweek and Time, but not fortune v) Only one of the magazines vi) None of the magazines. e) Show that “p implies q and q implies p” is logically equivalent to the bicondittional “p if and only if q”. (5 Marks) Question Two Question Three a) Express the specification “The automated reply cannot be sent when the file system is full” using logical connectives. (4 Marks) b) Determine whether these system specifications are consistent: “The diagnostic message is stored in the buffer or it is retransmitted” “The diagnostic message is not stored in the buffer” “If the diagnostic message is stored in the buffer, then it is retransmitted”. (5 Marks) c) Use predicates and quantifiers to express the system specifications “ Every mail message larger than one megabyte will be compressed” and “ if a user is active, at least one network link will be available” (3 Marks) d) Consider these statements of which the first three are premises and the fourth is a valid conclusion. “All hummingbirds are richly covered” “No large birds live on honey” “Birds that do not live on honey are dull in color” “Hummingbirds are small”. Let P(x), Q(x), R(x) and S(x) be the statements “x is a hummingbird”,”x is large”, “x lives on honey”, “x is richly colored”, respectively. Assuming that the domain consists of all birds, express the statements in the argument using the quantifiers P(x), Q(x), R(x) and S(x). (8Marks) Question Four Using i) Substitution and elimination method (5 Marks) ii) Inverse method (9 Marks) Question Five a) How many different six figure phone numbers are possible if the digits 0 to 9 are allowed except that the first digit must be 7,8 or 9. (2 Marks) i) Reflexive ii) Symmetric iii) Transitive iv) Antisymmetric e) Give reasons for your answer

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 THIRD YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT4301: ADVANCED OPERATING SYSTEMS DATE: JUNE 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Briefly explain the meaning of the following concepts i. User space (1 Mark) ii. Virtual memory (1 Mark) iii. Cache (1 Mark) iv. Process control block (1 Mark) b) Give two differences between bios and kernel as used in operating systems. (2 Marks) c) A process goes through a series of discrete states transitions. State and explain three state transitions that cannot occur. Use a diagram to illustrate your answer (5 Marks) d) State and explain any four responsibilities of operating systems in managing processes (4 Marks) e) Hardware and software are implemented to exploit the principle of locality. State and explain two principles locality (4 Marks) f) briefly explain four elements of process image (4 Marks) g) Briefly explain three reasons why threads are used in designing operating systems (3 Marks) h) Describe four conditions that must hold for deadlock to occur in operating systems (4 Marks) Question Two a) Briefly explain the meaning of the term ‘virtual file system’ (2 Marks) b) Multi-threading can be implemented in two different levels . State and Explain each of these levels (4 Marks) c) Describe four situations when CPU scheduling decisions may take place (4 Marks) d) Explain the meaning of the term ‘protection’. (2 Marks) e) Explain three protection mechanisms performed by operating systems (2 Marks) f) Describe the term ‘ spawning processes’. (2 Marks) g) Describe three elements of a thread state. (2 Marks) h) Briefly describe the term ‘dispatch latency’ (2 Marks) Question Three a)State and explain two main operations applicable to all stacks (4 Marks) b)State and explain and explain two regions of system memory (4 Marks) c)Define the term ‘deadlock’. Briefly explain four strategies for dealing with deadlocks adopted in operating system (5 Marks) d)State and explain four factors that are considered by scheduler when making decision of scheduling. (4 Marks) e)Describe three Scheduling strategies that are adopted by scheduler in operating systems(3 Marks) Question Four a) Briefly explain the meaning of the following linux commands i. kill 78689 (2 Marks) ii. ps –au root (2 Marks) iii. Virtual machine (2 Marks) b) Distinguish between real time systems and batch systems. Give one application example for each of them. (4 Marks) c) With the aid of diagram describe three models of implementing threads. (6 Marks) d) Describe the algorithm of Run() scheduler method (4 Marks) Question Five a) Using examples, describe the any three types of operating systems (3 Marks) b) Explain the meaning of the following concepts in the context of operating systems. i.Operating systems security (2 Marks) ii.Starvation (2 Marks) c) Briefly describe any three operating systems security goals. (3 Marks) d) Describe four methods of Protecting general objects in operating systems (4 Marks) e) State and explain two main types of distributed operating systems (4 Marks) f) Briefly explain any two Distributed operating systems functions (2 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 SECOND YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT2307: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One (30 Marks) a) Distinguish between the following geographic concepts; i) Digitizing and cartography (2 Marks) ii) Spatial data and attribute data (2 Marks) iii) GPS and CAD (2 Marks) b) Establish the benefits of using electronic maps as opposed to paper maps (6 Marks) c) Discuss how the ‘human factor’ contributes to GIS development and implementation (4 Marks) d) Describe any four major functions of a GIS (8 Marks) e) Highlight six major sources for spatial data (6 Marks) Question Two (20 Marks) a) i) Define the concept of ‘projection’ and why it is important in GIS (4 Marks) ii) List two projections available in QGIS (2 Marks) b) Identify three advantages and three limitations of the GIS vector model (6 Marks) c) i) Explain how vector data is defined using the topological data structure (6 Marks) ii) List two other structures that exist for the vector model (2 Marks) Question Three (20 Marks) a) Explain the meaning of the following extensions for raster files: i) .jpg (2 Marks) ii) .bmp (2 Marks) iii) .tiff (2 Marks) b) i) Define the term spatial referencing (2 Marks) ii) Discuss how spatial referencing is done using Quantum GIS (6 Marks) c) i) With examples, distinguish between primary and secondary spatial data sources (4 Marks) ii) Identify two major kinds of maps (2 Marks) Question Four (20 Marks) a) i) Identify how the quadtree works with raster data (2 Marks) ii) Use the quadtree structure below to generate a spatial image (8Marks) b) When modeling spatial entities, a GIS designer must simplify the complexities of the real world into basic two dimensional entity types i) With examples, describe four of these entity types (4 Marks) ii) Discuss three problems that may arise during this simplification (6 Marks) Question Five (20 Marks) a) Identify the strengths of remote sensing technologies (6 Marks) b) i) Highlight the difference between the digital terrain model and the elevation model (2 Marks) iii) Define the concept of ‘the 4th dimension’ in GIS and describe four events that can be modeled using this dimension (6 Marks) c) Discuss how the internet assists in the implementation of GIS (6 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 THIRD YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 4306 DISTRIBUTED DATABASES DATE: JUNE 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a)Differentiate between the following terms: i) Distributed processing vs Cooperative processing (4 Marks) ii) Data Warehouse vs Distributed database (4 Marks) iii)Distributed processing vs Database link (4 Marks) b)Explain the two major concepts used to facilitate connectivity between Oracle DBMS and a non Oracle DBMS (8 Marks) c)Explain how shared links differ from standard database links (6 Marks) d)In a distributed database system, you must carefully plan the user accounts and roles that are necessary to support applications using the system. Examine the main factors you need to consider when setting up user accounts and roles (6 Marks) Question Two a)Briefly describe the different types of users of database links (6 Marks) b)Discuss the different character sets as used in different database environments (9 Marks) c)Using an example explain how you would determine whether global naming on a database is enforced (5 Marks) Question Three a)Using an appropriate example, explain why a database link does not always have the same name as the global database name of the remote database that it references. (5 Marks) b)As a database Administrator, discuss any FIVE security options you will consider in a distributed database environment (10 Marks) c) i) Explain the concept of client server database architecture (1 Mark) ii) Explain the two ways used to access information in a distributed database environment based on client server architecture (4 Marks) Question Four a) Show how the Oracle Database uses the global database name to name the schema objects globally (6 Marks) b) i) Define the term Transaction (2 Marks) ii) Using examples differentiate between a remote transaction and a distributed transaction (2 Marks) c) “A database link connection is one-way”. Give reasons supporting or disapproving the statement (4 Marks) d) i) Explain the main parts of a synonym (5 Marks) iii)Write a statement that will define a synonym for the scott.emp table stored in the hq database (1 Mark) Question Five a) Elaborate on the following distributed query optimization methods i) Collocated Inline Views (2 Marks) ii) Using Cost-Based Optimization (2 Marks) b) There are two types of permissible operations in distributed transactions: DML and DDL Transactions as well as Transaction Control Statements. Outline any two operations supported by each. (4 Marks) c) Describe how the global coordinator controls distributed transactions in a distributed database, (6 Marks) d) Outline the three ways in which Distributed transactions can become in-doubt (6 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 THIRD YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 4306: DISTRIBUTED DATABASES DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Differentiate between the following Concepts: i) Distributed processing vs Cooperative processing (4 Marks) ii) Data Warehouse vs Distributed database (4 Marks) iii)Distributed processing vs Database link (4 Marks) b) Explain the two major concepts used to facilitate connectivity between Oracle DBMS and a non Oracle DBMS (8 Marks) c) Explain how shared links differ from standard database links (6 Marks) d) In a distributed database system, you must carefully plan the user accounts and roles that are necessary to support applications using the system. Examine the main factors you need to consider when setting up user accounts and roles (6 Marks) Question Two a) Briefly describe the different types of users of database links (6 Marks) b) Discuss the different character sets as used in different database environments (9 Marks) c) Using an example explain how you would determine whether global naming on a database is enforced (5 Marks) Question Three a) Using an appropriate example, explain why a database link does not always have the same name as the global database name of the remote database that it references. (5 Marks) b) As a database Administrator, discuss any FIVE security options you will consider in a distributed database environment (10 Marks) c) i) Explain the concept of client server database architecture (1 Mark) ii) Explain the two ways used to access information in a distributed database environment based on client server architecture (4 Marks) Question Four a) Show how the Oracle Database uses the global database name to name the schema objects globally (6 Marks) b) i) Define the term Transaction (2 Marks) ii) Using examples differentiate between a remote transaction and a distributed transaction (2 Marks) c) “A database link connection is one-way”. Give reasons supporting or disapproving the statement (4 Marks) d) i) Explain the main parts of a synonym (5 Marks) iii)Write a statement that will define a synonym for the scott.emp table stored in the hq database (1 Mark) Question Five a) Elaborate on the following distributed query optimization methods i) Collocated Inline Views (2 Marks) ii) Using Cost-Based Optimization (2 Marks) b) There are two types of permissible operations in distributed transactions: DML and DDL Transactions as well as Transaction Control Statements. Outline any two operations supported by each. (4 Marks) c) Describe how the global coordinator controls distributed transactions in a distributed database, (6 Marks) d) Outline the three ways in which Distributed transactions can become in-doubt (6 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 THIRD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 4304: DISTRIBUTED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS DATE: AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) Define the following concepts i) Multia agent systems (2 Marks) ii)Agent function (2 Marks) iii) Ontology (2 Marks) b) Distinguish between deterministic and non-deterministic agent environments. Give one example for each case (4 Marks) c) Explain any four properties of an intelligent agent (4 Marks) d) Describe how you can design an agent that can wipe the windscreens when needed? (5 Marks) e) Describe two characteristics of a symbolic architecture. Give one situation that is suitable for this architecture (3 Marks) f) Describe four characteristics of a distributed intelligent system (4 Marks) g) Explain how agents technology is applied in human computer interface (2 Marks) h) Briefly explain two capabilities that are required for agents to for agents to strike a deal they reach in agreements (2 Marks Question Two a) Explain the following concepts in the context of distributed intelligent agents i) agent architecture (2 Marks) ii) Argumentation (2 Marks) iii) Sphere of influence (2 Marks) b) What is meant by the term ‘planning Agents’? describe one example. (3 Marks) c) Touline (1958) proposed an argument structure with three components. Explain each of these components (3 Marks) d) Briefly explain four ways in which arguments interact with one another (4 Marks) e) Describe four properties of an action in plan architecture (4 Marks) Question Three a)Describe the meaning of the following concepts: i) rebut (2 Marks) ii) Means –end reasoning (2 Marks) iii) Contract net (2 Marks) b) “intelligent behaviour can be generated without explicit abstract reasoning of the kind that symbolic AI proposes”. Explain this statement (2 Marks) c)Describe any four differences between agents and objects (4 Marks) d) In a multi agent environment agent’s form contract net to govern the exchange of goods and services. Briefly explain four responsibilities of Manager agent in contract net. (4 Marks). e)Explain any four types of per formatives in speech acts (4 Marks) Question Four a) Describe the five desirable properties of a protocol in agent negotiations (5 Marks) b) Briefly explain four limitations of agents auctions (4 Marks) c) Contract net is a very structured form of negotiation used to achieve task sharing. Outline the five phases of the contract net protocol and what problems may arise in practice. (5 Marks) d) Describe three degrees of agents co-operation in the context of multi-agent systems (3 Marks) e) Differentiate between agents Cooperation and agents Negotiation as used in multi-agent systems. (2 Marks) Question Five a) describe the following concepts i) Nash equilibirium (2 Marks) ii).Conflict deal (2 Marks) iii) Speech act (2 Marks) b) explain three negotiation protocols in distributed intelligent agents (3 Marks) c) Briefly explain Three components of negotiation set (3 Marks) d) Describe three problems associated with KQML Interoperation (3 Marks) e) Explain the five stages of Coalition Formation Operation Lifecycle in the context of distributed intelligent agents. (5 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2010/2011 THIRD YEAR STAGE EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 4303: ADVANCED WEB DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT DATE: JUNE 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions Question One a) JavaScript has three kind of popup boxes: Describe each one of them using example code to Illustrate (9 Marks) b) Describe one application for each of the buttons above question in question one (a) in a website (6 Marks) c) Styles sheets were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem. Using examples to illustrate, explain the problem solved by use of style sheets. (6 Marks) d) Describe situations where it might be necessary to place styles sheets in an external file. (3 Marks) e) Using an example to illustrate explain how style sheets can be placed in an external file (6 Marks) Question Two a) Using examples to illustrate describe the “id” and “class” selectors as used with CSS (12 Marks) b) Describe the main parts of a style sheet rule using an example to illustrate (8 Marks) Question Three a) Using php write a code segment to bid farewell to a user with the following messages “Have a nice weekend!” if the current day is Friday, and “Have a nice Sunday!” if the current day is Sunday. Otherwise it will output “Have a nice day!” (10 Marks) b) Explain an array (2 Marks) c) Using an appropriate example explain situations where using an array is better than using a variable (8 Marks) Question Four a) Explain why user input should be validated on the client side whenever possible and sate situations where it may be necessary to validate on the server. (8 Marks) b) Apply external style sheets to create a HTML document with the following formatting (12 Marks) 1) Body background-color to be red 2) All heading one to be maroon in color 3) Font-size to be 20pt 4) All paragraphs to have 11 font-sizes and a margin of 15px 5) All active links to be of color green, visited links to be color yellow, when the mouse hovers at a link it should turn black. The HTML page above should have all the elements above to allow testing Question Five Study the php code below and answer the questions that follow <html> <body> <?php $db = mysql_connect(“localhost”,”root”); mysql_select_db(“mydb”,$db); $result = mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM employees”,$db); printf(“First Name: %s<br>\n”, mysql_result($result,0,”first”)); printf(“Last Name: %s<br>\n”, mysql_result($result,0,”last”)); printf(“Address: %s<br>\n”, mysql_result($result,0,”address”)); printf(“Position: %s<br>\n”, mysql_result($result,0,”position”)); ?> </body> </html> Describe the purpose of each of the following statements in the code above (20 Marks) a) mysql_connect() function b) mysql_select_db() c) mysql_query() d) mysql_result()