May 14, 2022

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BBIT 102 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE (a) Explain the meaning of the following terns as used in the computer systems: i. EEPROM ii. Vacuum tubes iii. IBG iv. Utility software v. UNIVAC vi. PCI vii. Indexed-sequential file viii. Network topology (2 Marks each) (b) Differentiate between SRAM and DRAM and with reasons state which one is suitable for making cache memory (4 Marks) (c) List any two pointing devices, which can be used to input data into computers and state the appropriate areas of application. (4 Marks) (d) Convert the binary number, 110010101 to: i. Octal (2 Marks) ii. Decimal (2 Marks) iii. Hexadecimal (2 Marks) QUESTION TWO (a) The main role of the CPU is to execute instructions. Explain the steps involved during the execution of an instruction. (8 Marks) (b) Explain the following terms and state how they affect system performance. i. Bus width ii. Word size (2 Marks each) (c) Briefly explain the boot-up process and state how you can troubleshoot if the process was not successful. (8 Marks) QUESTION THREE By explaining each of the following terms distinguishe between: (a) Smart card and a card with a magnetic stripe. (4 Marks) (b) MICR and OMR. (4 Marks) (c) Laser printers and Dot-matrix printers. (4 Marks) (d) Multiprogramming and Parallel Processing. (4 Marks) (e) Real time processing and On-line processing. (4 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (a) A LAN (Local Area Network) is often installed by a business to achieve either or both of the following objectives: i. Sharing of peripherals ii. Sharing of data By reference to a typical business explain each of the objectives. (8 Marks) (b) Outline THREE possible problems of sharing data within a network. (6 Marks) (c) Consider the following situation: A remote BACKUP Magnetic tape is capable of storing data. It has 12000 dpi and of maximum length. Required: What is the capacity of this magnetic tape? (6 Marks) QUESTION FIVE (a) Briefly explain what the following DOS commands do: i. DIR C:\K??D?E.* (2 Marks) ii. COPY A:\*.EXE B: (2 Marks) (b) Describe how you Create a batch files of your choice. (4 Marks) (c) Name 3 parts of a computer system that are capable of being upgraded and briefly explain steps of upgrading them. (6 Marks) (d) i. What is a Web Browser? Name any 2 Web Browsers (2 Marks) ii. What is a file password? (2 Marks) iii. Define the terms Hardware and Software. (2 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BUSS 105 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE (a) According to Michael Armstrong HRM is like old wine in new bottles, this is in emphasis on the relationship between HRM and Personnel management. In support to this statement compare and contrast HRM and Personnel management. (10 Marks) (b) Highlight the underlying principles of Human resource management. (10 Marks) (c) Describe Five benefits of HR planning in an organization (10 Marks) QUESTION TWO (a) State and explain the common raters’ errors in the use of performance appraisal methods. (16 Marks) (b) You have been contracted by KCA University to advise the HR department on the importance of HR planning.What is your advise? (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE (a) Outline sources of recruitment available for an organization (10 Marks) (b) Describe any Five methods used in selection of employees. (10 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (a) Describe Abraham Maslows Hierarchical of need theory of motivation (10 Marks) (b) Highlight strategies of motivating worker in an organization (10 Marks) QUESTION FIVE (a) ABC Ltd management had noted increased errors in employees work and poor performance for the last one year, until a consultant advised them to try a training programme for the employees. Describe to the management of ABC Ltd the benefits of training employee. (10 Marks) (b) What are the purposes of management development in an organization? (10 Marks)

3.1 Defining marketing information systems All the above three are interrelated. First, let us look at the marketing information systems (MIS). Kotler defines, marketing information systems as follows: “A marketing information system is a continuing and interacting structure of people, equipment and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute pertinent, timely and accurate information for use by marketing decision makers to improve their marketing planning, implementation, and control.” 3.2 Major component The major components of the Marketing Information Systems include: Internal report system Marketing intelligence system Marketing research system Marketing modes Figure 4 illustrates the major components, and other factors that constitute the marketing information systems and its subsystems Internal reporting systems: The internal records that are of immediate value to marketing decisions may include orders received, stockholdings, sales invoices, product type, product size, and type of account, volume of sales, product type and size by customer. Marketing research systems: Marketing research is a proactive search for information. The American Marketing Association defines marketing research, as approved in 2004, as quoted below: Marketing research is the function that links the consumer, customer, and public to the marketer through information–information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process. Marketing research specifies the information required to address these issues, designs the method for collecting information, manages and implements the data collection process, analyzes the results, and communicates the findings and their implications. Marketing research supports a challenge to face competitive pressure, to meet customer expectation, the demand of expanding market and to reduce the cost of a mistake. Marketing research process consists of Defining marketing problems Defining the objectives of the marketing research Formulating the hypothesis or the research questions Designing the research to collect and analyze data Collecting the data Analyzing the data Interpreting the results Reporting the findings, including the recommendations Sources of data Sources of data can be primary data or secondary data or both. Primary data are the new data gathered specifically for the research project at hand. Secondary data are available data, already gathered for some purpose. It is common to refer to published authoritative documents, reports, journals, and books to collect data as the secondary data. Methods of collecting sources of Primary data are: • Survey • Interviews • Telephone surveys • Mail survey • Observation method • Experimental method Marketing intelligence systems A marketing intelligence system is a set of procedures and data sources used by marketing managers to sift information from the environment that they can use in their decision making. The scanning of the economic and business environment a continuous process. Marketing intelligence involves scanning newspaper, trade magazines, business journals and reports, economic forecasts and other media. In addition, it involves management in talking to producers, suppliers and customers, as well as to competitors. Nonetheless, it is a largely informal process of observing and conversing. Marketing models Within the Marketing Information System there has to be the means of interpreting information. Marketing models can be useful in that case. Some of the common models used are: Time series models, brand switching models, regression and correlation models.

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BUSS 103 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE a) Briefly explain the following Management terms i) Management ii) Social responsibility iii) Directing iv) Bureaucracy (8 Marks) b) Discuss Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs and indicate what managers can do to promote their satisfaction. (12 Marks) c) Discuss Five reasons why managers need to plan (10 Marks) QUESTION TWO a) Give characteristics of administrative theory (10 Marks) b) Why is planning considered critical for successful accomplishment of other management functions? (10 Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Describe what is meant by Management by objectives (MBO) (10 Marks) b) Discuss the major merits and demerits of group decision making (10 Marks) QUESTION FOUR a) Distinguish between Responsibility and Accountability (4 Marks) b) Citing examples where necessary give disadvantages associated with delegation of authority (10 Marks) c) Discuss six barriers to planning (6 Marks) QUESTION FIVE a) Discuss benefits that accrue from Good public relations in organizations (10 Marks) b) Briefly discuss two types of leadership styles by giving characteristics of each (10 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 4405 EXPERT SYSTEMS DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE a) Explain the following concepts i) Expert system (2 Marks) ii) Artificial intelligence (2 Marks) iii) Turing test (2 Marks) iv) Knowledge-based systems (2 Marks) b) Explain the features of an expert system (8 Marks) c) Discuss how expert systems are used in various areas (8 Marks) d) Explain the benefits of using expert systems (6 Marks) QUESTION TWO a) Explain the benefits of using rules (6 Marks) b) Elaborate on the initial idea of production system as given by Post (4 Marks) c) Explain the operating principle of the inference engine (6 Marks) d) Given the following rules: R1:If corn is grown on poor soil, then it will rot. R2:If soil hasn’t enough nitrogen, then it is poor soil Explain how you the rules will be applied in forward chaining and backward chaining (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Discuss the need for heuristic reasoning in knowledge based systems (6 Marks) b) The function of a financial advisor is to help the user decide whether to invest in a savings account, or the stock market, or both. The recommended investment depends on the investor’s income and the current amount they have saved: Individuals with inadequate savings should always increase the amount saved as their first priority, regardless of income. Individuals with adequate savings and an adequate income should consider riskier but potentially more profitable investment in the stock market. Individuals with low income who already have adequate savings may want to consider splitting their surplus income between savings and stocks, to increase the cushion in savings while attempting to increase their income through stocks The adequacy of both savings and income is determined by the number of dependants an individual must support.There must be at least £3000 in the bank for each dependant. An adequate income is a steady income, and it must supply at least £9000 per year, plus 2500 dependant for each dependant Required; Produce an AND-OR graph for the provided information (14 Marks) QUESTION FOUR a) Describe the three theories of probability as used in expert systems (12 Marks) b) Discuss the concept of certainty factor as used to measure belief and disbelief (8 Marks) QUESTION FIVE Describe how the following techniques are used is used in expert systems a) propositional logic (5 Marks) b) Semantic Networks (5 Marks) c) Schemata (5 Marks) d) Frame (5 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 4401 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE (a) Discuss the components of knowledge management infrastructure and design. [10 Marks] (b) Define data mining and explain its role in knowledge management. [5 Marks] (c) Explain five technologies that facilitate knowledge discovery through socialization. [5 Marks] (d) Explain any five groupware applications for knowledge sharing [5 Marks] (e) With the aid of examples, distinguish between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. [5 Marks] QUESTION TWO (a) Define knowledge portal and highlight their uses in knowledge management. [4 Marks] (b) Discuss three critical components of knowledge management, sometimes refered to as knowledge architecture. [6 Marks] (c) Highlight three merits and demerits of interviewing as a tool for capturing tacit knowledge. [4 Marks] (d) Discuss the term “knowledge worker” in the context of the 21st century and explain any 5 roles played by knowledge workers in modern organizations. [6 Marks] QUESTION THREE (a) Explain the importance of knowledge management assessment in the organization. [5 Marks] (b) What role does organizational culture have in implementing a knowledge management program in the organization? Highlight some of the cultural issues that impede or promote knowledge sharing. [5 Marks] (c) Knowledge management and sharing cannot happen unless you get the environment right. Discuss the factors that influence the KM implementation in an organization. [5 Marks] (d) Discuss advantages of socialization as a means of knowledge externalization. [5 Marks] QUESTION FOUR (a) Discuss five benefits of ICT application in knowledge management. [5 Marks] (b) What, in your opinion, are the implications of globalization on knowledge management? [4 Marks] (c) Knowledge is the only critical asset in an organisation that walks out of your door every day. Discuss [6 Marks] (d) What is the role of social media in knowledge management. [5 Marks] QUESTION FIVE (a) Discuss any five intelligents systems in knowledge management. [10 Marks] (b) Explain why knowledge is considered a source of sustainable competitive advantage? [6 Marks] (c) Explain any four strategies of knowledge transfer. [4 Marks]

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 4303 ADVANCED WEB DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE (a) Differentiate between the following terms: (i) a class selector and ID selector (4 Marks) (ii) a weakly typed and a strongly typed language (4 Marks) (b) Define Cascading style sheets as used in web development (2 Marks) (c) Styles sheets were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem. Using examples to illustrate, explain the problem solved by use of style sheets. (5 Marks) (d) Describe situations where it might be necessary to place java script code in an external file. (3 Marks) (e) Using an example to illustrate explain how java script code can be placed in an external file (6 Marks) (f) Provide syntax to illustrate how JavaScript functions are defined (4 Marks) (g) Explain the relationship between functions and events in JavaScript (2 Marks) QUESTION TWO (a) Study the following HTML registration form and write a function validate which: i. Validates the “@” symbol in the e-mail address and returns “Not a valid email” message in case its missing. ii. Checks that Name should not be more than 16 letters (12 Marks) (b) Explain briefly, any three security threats to a Web server (8 Marks) QUESTION THREE (a) Describe the main parts of a style sheet rule using an example to illustrate (8 Marks) (b) Define Event Handlers as used in JavaScript (3 Marks) (c) Using appropriate event handlers write a javascipt code that changes the background colour when the mouse is placed and then taken off the link (4 Marks) (d) Describe three ways of adding style sheets to a web page (e) Describe the following Javascrpt events i. onBlur ii. OnChange iii. OnLoad iv. OnFocus v. OnClick (5 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (a) Explain the steps that take place when the client makes a request for a Web page (5 Marks) (b) Explain any three advantages of using CSS(cascading style sheets) (3 Marks) (c) Using appropriate event handlers write a javascipt code that changes the background colour when the mouse is placed and then taken off the link (6 Marks) (d) Define Event Handlers as used in JavaScript (2 Marks) (e) List the functions of any four form input types. (4 Marks) QUESTION FIVE (a) Sketch the output of the following (6 Marks) <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> JavaScript Exercise 3 </TITLE> <PRE> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE = “JavaScript”> <!– HIDE THE SCRIPT FORM OTHER BROWSERS document.writeln(“<CENTER><H1>Welcome to</H1>”); document.writeln(“<H2>Informatics Computer School</H2><HR>”); document.writeln(“JavaScript is fun!!!!!!!!!!!”); document.write(“I am learning JavaScript, “); document.write(“and this is the third exercises.</CENTER>”); // STOP HIDING FORM OTHER BROWSERS –> </SCRIPT> </HEAD> </HTML> (b) Study the php code below and answer the questions that follow: <html> <body> <?php $db = mysql_connect(“localhost”,”root”); mysql_select_db(“mydb”,$db); $result = mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM employees”,$db); printf(“First Name: %s<br>\n”, mysql_result($result,0,”first”)); printf(“Last Name: %s<br>\n”, mysql_result($result,0,”last”)); printf(“Address: %s<br>\n”, mysql_result($result,0,”address”)); printf(“Position: %s<br>\n”, mysql_result($result,0,”position”)); ?> 4 </body></html> Describe the purpose of each of the following statements in the code above (6 Marks) i. mysql_connect() function ii. mysql_select_db() iii. mysql_query() iv. mysql_result() (c) The Internet has the potential to provide many benefits to companies in terms of communication. Describe FOUR processes that a business may carry out using the Internet explaining the application involved and the benefit to the company. Outline any drawbacks involved in each process. (8 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 4302 TELECOMMUNICATIONS DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE (a) Explain why error-correction rarely used in data communication networks (4 Marks) (b) Consider a real-time network such as a one that is a part of a manufacturing process or a chemical process. Assume that the network must carry regularly scheduled time-sensitive commands and measurements between physical devices and the computerized control system. Would a networking technology based on TDM be more or less desirable than one based on CSMA/CD? Why? (5 Marks) (c) There are three major categories of threat that lead to unauthorized access: War drivers, Hackers (Crackers) and Employees. Describe how each of these lead to unauthorized access. (6 Marks) (d) Describe briefly the following telecommunications standards as they apply to WANs: i. EIA/TIA-232 (2 Marks) ii. V.35 (2 Marks) (e) State four benefits of the GSM technology. (4 Marks) (f) Describe delay distortion as a transmission impairment and explain how it can be dealt with in a communication system. (4 Marks) (g) i. State the Nyquist Sampling Theorem. (1 Mark) ii. State two ways in which the similarity of the reconstructed signal (at the receiver) to the original analog signal can be improved. (2 Marks) QUESTION TWO (a) The table below highlights wireless technologies that exist on the PAN, LAN and WAN. Please fill in the blank spaces in the table. (6 Marks) PAN LAN WAN Standards Speed Range Applications (b) Differentiate between connection-oriented and connectionless systems in relation to packet-switched networks. (4 Marks) (c) Packet-switched networks may establish routes through the switches for particular end-to-end connections. These routes are called virtual circuits. A VC is a logical circuit created within a shared network between two network devices. In this regard, describe the following: i. Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) (3 Marks) ii. Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC) (3 Marks) (d) One of the factors to consider in choosing a WAN connection option is the traffic requirements. What does this entail? (4 Marks) QUESTION THREE (a) Discuss any three network quality issues that affect converged networks. (6 Marks) (b) Briefly describe the following types of noise in data communications: i. Thermal noise (2 Marks) ii. Inter-modulation Noise (2 Marks) iii. Crosstalk (2 Marks) (c) Discuss briefly the importance of error detection and correction, flow control and recovery in data communications. (5 Marks) (d) Describe briefly the three standard methods used to connect your computer to GPRS mobile phone. (3 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (a) Describe the sequence of events that occur between computer and modem during communication. (7 Marks) (b) Telecommunications and computer networks enable voice, video and data transfer; in doing so, they enable organizations to optimize their resources by grouping employees. In relation to this, describe the following: i. Main office (2 Marks) ii. Telecommuters (2 Marks) iii. Mobile users (2 Marks) (c) There are three key factors that influence network uptime/availability. State these three factors and illustrate how they affect availability. (5 Marks) (d) Explain briefly the unlicenced frequency bands. (2 Marks) QUESTION FIVE (a) Mobile phone networks use the concept of “frequency re-use” in deployment of their services. i. Define frequency re-use and give one fundamental requirement that should govern frequency re-use. (4 Marks) ii. Determine the portion of the frequency band that can be used in one cell in a 4-cell reuse pattern and 7-cell reuse pattern, assuming a 25 MHz band allocated to the operator. (2 Marks) 2 Marks iii. Define probability of call blocking (2 Marks) (b) In the 2G mobile phone network, a user engaged in a conversation has an outgoing message on one channel and an incoming message on another channel. i. State the UPLINK frequency band and DOWNLINK frequency band as used in the GSM900 system in Kenya. (2 Marks) ii. A user is communicating on channel 893.6 MHz uplink channel. Determine the downlink channel. (2 Marks) (c) Sketch a diagram showing the basic architecture of a 2G mobile phone network, giving the function of at least four components of the network. (8 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 3209 MOBILE PROGRAMMING DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE a) Illustrate android architecture listing four layers and at least two components in each layer (10 Marks) b) Illustrate using a diagram state transition of an activity (10 Marks) c) Write an Android that allows a user to input the coefficients of a line equation and returns the triangle area formed by the line, x-axis, and y-axis. A possible run may look like: Enter the line ax + by = c: 12 5 60 The triangle area is 30.000000. Enter the line ax + by = c: 3 4 12 The triangle area is 6.000000. (10 Marks) QUESTION TWO a) Write an Android program to guess a random number between 2 to 12. A possible run may look like: Guess a number between 2 and 12: 8 Too high. Try again: 4 Too low. Try again: 6 Too high. Try again: 5 Excellent! You guessed the correct number! Hint: import java.util.Random; Ramdon r; r.nextInt(n); (20 Marks) QUESTION THREE a) Define and explain the relationship between default parameters and overloading. (4 Marks) b) What is the difference between pass-by-reference and pass-by-value-result? (2 Marks) c) What is an activation record? (2 Marks) d) What is an exception handler? Use an example to explain your answer (4 Marks) e) What is information hiding and how is it implemented? (4 Marks) f) Write a function named middle with three parameters of type int. The function should return the middle number among its three parameters, in order of size. For example, middle(3,17,12) would have the value 12; middle(737,-33,1266) would have the value 737; and middle(42,42,42) would have the value 42. (4 Marks) QUESTION FOUR a) Suppose that income tax is determined as follows: If income is less than $10,000, then there is no tax. For incomes between $10,000 and $30,000, the tax is 0.15 times (income – 10000). For incomes greater than $30,000, the tax is 3000 plus 0.3 times (income – 30000). Write a program segment that inputs the amount of income from the user and prints out the income tax on that amount. You do not have to write a complete program, but you should declare any variables that you use. (10 Marks) b) Write a complete function named pythagorus. It should have two parameters, x and y, of type double. It should compute and return as its value: the square root of (x2 + y2 ). (4 Marks) c) Write a for statement that will compute the sum of the first 100 integers, that is, 1*1 + 2*2 + 3*3 + … + 100*100. You should not write a complete program, but you should declare any variables that you use. (3 Marks) d) Write a complete and syntactically correct program that outputs the following message in the display window: The even numbers between 2 and 98 and then outputs the specified even numbers using a while loop that will only display 5 even numbers per line. (3 Marks) QUESTION FIVE a) Write a function that finds the sum of all the numbers in an array of int’s. The function should be named arraySum. It should have two parameters of type int[] for the array and int for size. It should return a value of type int. The value that is returned should be obtained by adding up all the numbers in the array. (6 Marks) b) Write a function moveToFront(char arr[], char c). Return true from the method if the element is in the list and it has been moved to the front of the list otherwise, return false if the element is not in the list. You may assume that if the element exists in the list, it only exists once. (4 Marks) c) Differentiate between the following terms i) CLDC and CDC ii) Canvas and Display iii) J2ME and Android development platforms (6 Marks) d) Define and discuss MIDP (4 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY/ BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY/ BIT 3204 BCT 1204 DISTRIBUTED MULTIMEDIA MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE (a) Explain the different hardware and software requirements for multimedia system. (5 Marks) (b) Compare and contrast TIFF file format RIFF file format. (5 Marks) (c) Explain Video Display Technology standards. (4 Marks) (d) In multimedia Networking, Explain audio/video streaming with reference to communication between client and server and the role of RTP, RTSP & RSVP. (6 Marks) (e) Write short notes on Multimedia video conferencing. (7 Marks) (f) What do you understand by the term QOS in distributed multimedia systems (3 Marks) QUESTION TWO (a) Write brief notes on characteristics distributed Multimedia Systems. (5 Marks) (b) Explain any five image processing operations (10 Marks) (c) Describe factors that affect the performance of multimedia applications. (5 Marks) QUESTION THREE (a) Describe the Algorithm for the MPEG. Clearly state and explain the mathematical treatment and building blocks used in detail. (6 Marks) (b) Compare/Explain Lossy and Lossless compression. (8 Marks) (c) Explain JPEG compression in detail. (6 Marks) QUESTION FOUR (a) What factors would you consider in designing a system for e-learning with multimedia content. (10 Marks) (b) Suggest different multimedia elements which can be used to develop Vehicle Tracking System for Police dept. Justify your suggestions. (10 Marks) QUESTION FIVE (a) Explain Huffman coding with example (4 Marks) (b) Write a short note on Video conferencing: Design Issues (10 Marks) (c) What is synchronization (2 Marks) (d) Distinguish the different types of synchronization (4 Marks)

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 3202A BIT4306 DISTRIBUTED DATABASES DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE a) Explain the two design strategies for database systems [3 Marks] b) Explain the implicit assumptions associated with distributed database management systems [6 Marks] c) Examine the different ways used to ensure naming transparency [6 Marks] d) A reference model can be thought of as an idealized architectural model of the system. Commercial systems might deviate from reference model; still they are useful for the standardization process. Describe the different approaches used to describe a reference model [9 Marks] e) Explain the dimension for the analysis of distributed systems [6 Marks] QUESTION TWO a) Examine the different types of replication and allocation [6 Marks] b) Discuss how authorization control is facilitated in databases [8 Marks] c) Describe the three types of integrity constraints/assertions [6 Marks] QUESTION THREE a) Outline the benefits of fragmentation [5 Marks] b) Explain how a fragment allocation problem is formulated [7 Marks] c) Examine the different levels of DB consistency [8 Marks] QUESTION FOUR a) Explain the three phenomena/situations that occur if proper isolation is not maintained [6 Marks] b) Discuss using an example the concept of conflict equivalence as used in distributed databases concurrency control [5 Marks] c) Discuss the various extensions of the 2PL to DDBMS [9 Marks] QUESTION FIVE a) Differentiate between Distributed processing and Cooperative processing [2Marks] b) Explain the following Four strategies regarding placement of data i) Centralized [2 Marks] ii) Partitioned [2 Marks] iii) Complete Replication [2 Marks] iv) Selective Replication [2 Marks] c) In your own opinion which architecture is suitable for distributed databases [4 Marks] d) Query processing is a three step process that transforms a high-level query of relational calculus/SQL into an equivalent and more efficient lower-level query of relational algebra. Describe the activities involved in Query processing [6 Marks]

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: 2013/2014 ORDINARY EXAMINATION FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BIT 3201A DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING (DAY) DATE: APRIL, 2014 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE and any other TWO QUESTION ONE a) Define the following terms [4 Marks] i. Data warehousing ii. Data mining b) Describe any four types of data that are gathered and be mined and state the type of organizations that gather these types data [6 Marks] c) Discuss any four application of data mining [6 Marks] d) With the help of a diagram illustrate the Knowledge Discovery Process [8 Marks] e) Discuss six ways in which the data that has been mined can be visually presented. [6 Marks] QUESTION TWO a) Define the term data ware house [2 Marks] b) Discuss four benefits of data mining [4 Marks] c) Discuss any four challenges facing data mining. [4 Marks] d) Discuss any five possible discoveries from a data mining exercise. [10 Marks] QUESTION THREE a) Discuss six factors that lead to the growth and popularity of data mining. [6 Marks] b) Describe the various classification of data mining systems [6 Marks] c) Define an OLAP system [2 Marks] d) Discuss five characteristics of OLAP [6 Marks] QUESTION FOUR a) A grocery shop sells six items which are Bread, Cheese, Eggs, Juice, Milk and Yogurt. The shopkeeper also keeps a record of the transactions as follows. Using the Apriori algorithm find the association rules with 50% and 75% confidence. [14 Marks] b) Discuss six factors that influence the selection and acquisition of data mining software. [6 Marks] QUESTION FIVE a) In building a decision tree, three possible attributes are considered as split attributes, the information gain for the attributes A, B, and C are 0.97, 0.029, and 0.15 respectively. Which attribute should be selected for the split and why? [3 Marks] b) The table below shows the training data for classifying bank loan applications by assigning applications to one of the risk classes. c) i. Find the attribute that has the highest information gain. [12 Marks] ii. Draw the decision tree for the table above [4 Marks]