Month: September 2022

Mathematics Alternative A Paper (2/121/2)

 

 

MATHEMATICS ALT. A (121)

Mathematics AIternative a Paper 1 (121/1

Mathematics Alternative A Paper 2 (121/2)

4.3.1 Mathematics Alt.A Paper 1 (121/1)

 

 

2016 Mathematics Paper 2

1.

7. The masses in kilograms of 20 bags of maize were: 90, 94, 96, 98, 99, 102, 105, 91, 102, 99, 105, 94, 99, 90, 94, 99, 98, 96, 102 and 105.

Using an assumed mean of 96 kg, calculate the mean mass, per bag of the maize. (3 marks)

8. The first term of an arithmetic sequence is —7 and the common difference is 3.

(a) List the first six terms of the sequence; (1 mark)

First six terms -7,-4,-1,2,5,8

(b) Determine the sum of the first 50 terms of the sequence. (2 marks)

Sum of the first 50 terms

50/2 = {2 x -7 + 49 x 3}

332.5

9. A bag contains 2 white balls and 3 black balls. A second bag contains 3 white balls and 2 black balls.

The balls are identical except for the colours. Two balls are drawn at random, one after the other from the first bag and placed in the second bag.

Calculate the probability that the 2 balls are both white. (2 marks)

10. An arc 11 cm long, subtends an angle of 70° at the centre of a circle.

Calculate the length, correct to one decimal place, of a chord that subtends an angle of 90° at the centre of the same circle. (4 marks)

 

• Length 12.7cm11. Given that qi + 1/3j + 2/3k is a unit vector, find q. (2 marks)
• 
• 12. (a) Expand the expression (1 + 1/2 x)⁵ in ascending powers of x, leaving the coefficients as fractions in their simplest form. (2 marks)
• 
• (b) Use the first three terms of the expansion in (a) above to estimate the value of (1½o)⁵. (2 marks)
• 
• 13. A circle whose equation is (x – 1)² + (y – k)² = 10 passes through the point (2,5). Find the value of k. (3 marks)
• 
• 14. Water and milk are mixed such that the volume of water to that of milk is 4:1. Taking the density of water as 1 gcm³ and that of milk as 1.2g/cm³, find the mass in grams of 2.5 litres of the mixture. (3 marks)
• 
• 15. A school decided to buy at least 32 bags of maize and beans.The number of bags of beans were to be at least 6.

  A bag of maize costs Ksh 2 500 and a bag of beans costs Ksh 3 500. The school had Ksh 100 000 to purchase the maize and beans.

  Write down all the inequalities that satisfy the above information. (4 marks)

  x + y ≥ 32,x >20,y ≥ 6,5x + 7y ≤ 200

  16. Find in radians, the values of x in the interval O’⋜ x 𕲚Π^c for which 2 cos²x — sin x = I. (Leave the answer in terms of Π) (4 marks)

• 
• (b) Calculate the mid-ordinates of 5 strips between x – 1 and x = 6 Use the mid-ordinates rule to approximate, the area under the curve between x-1 ,X = 6 and the x axis.(3 marks)
• (c) Assuming that the area determined by integration to be the actual area,calculate the percentage error in using the mid-ordinate rule.(4 marks)
• 
• 17. A garden measures 10 m long and 8 m wide.A path of uniform width is made all round the garden.

  The total area of the garden and the path is 168 m².

  (a) Find the width of the path. (4 marks)

  Let the width of the path be x

  ➡ Area =)(10 + 2x )(8 + 2x) = 168

  ➡ 80 + 20x + 16x + 4x² = 168

  ➡ 4x² + 36x – = 0

  ➡ x² + 9x – 22 = 0

  ➡(x – 2)( x + 11) = 0

  ➡ x = 2 or -11

  width of the path = 2m

  (b) The path is to be covered with square concrete slabs. Each corner of the path is covered with a slab whose side is equal to the width of the path.

  The rest of the path is covered with slabs of side 50 cm.

  The cost of making each corner slab is Sh 600 while the cost of making each smaller slab is Sh 50.

  Calculate:

  (i) the number of the smaller slabs used. (3 mark)

  14/68 x 12 – {10 x 8 + 4 (2 x2 )}

  No. of slabs = 72/0.5 x 0.5

  Ans = 288

  (ii) the total cost of the slabs used to cover the whole path. (3 marks)

  Cost of slabs = Large = 600 x 4 = 2400

  Small = 50 x 288 = 14400

  Total Cost = 2400 + 14400 = 16,800

  18. In the figure below, P, Q, R and S are points on the circle with centre 0. PRI’ and USTV are straight lines. Line USTV is a tangent to the circle at S. L RST = 50° and L RTV = 150°.

• 
• (a) Calculate the size of(i) L QRS; (2 marks)

  (ii) L USP;

  (1 mark)

  (iii) L PQR. (2 marks)

  (b) Given that RT = 7cm and ST = 9 cm, calculate to 3 significant figures: ( ) the length of line PR: (2 marks)

  (ii) the radius of the circle. (3 marks)

• 19. The figure ABCDEF below represents a roof of a house. AB = DC = 12m, BC = AD = 6 m. AE = BF = CF = DE = 5 m and EF = 8 m.
• 
• (a) Calculate, correct to 2 decimal places, the perpendicular distance of EF from the plane ABCD. (4 marks)(b) Calculate the angle between:

  (i) the planes ADE and ABCD; (2 marks)

  (ii) the line AE and the plane ABCD, correct to 1 decimal place; (2 marks)

  (iii) the planes ABFE and DCFE, correct to 1 decimal place. (2 marks)

  

• 
• 
• 
• 

 

 

Questions and Answers

KCSE 2016 Mathematics Paper 1

1. Without using a calculator evaluate, (3 marks)

3. The external length, width and height of an open rectangular container are 41 cm, 21 cm and 15.5 cm respectively.

The thickness of the materials making the container is 5mm. If the container has 8 litres of water, calculate the internal height above the water level. (4 marks)

Internal Dimensions :40,20, and 15

Volume unoccupied = 40 x 20 x 15 = 8000

= 4000

Height above water level = 4000/40 x 20 = 5cm

KCSE Past Papers 2017 Mathematics Alt B Paper 2

SECTION I (50 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. Evaluate 190.1 x 30, correct to 3 significant figures. (2 marks)

l90.lx30=5703

= 5700

2. Find the sum of the first 10 terms in the Geometric Progression 3, 6, 12, (3 marks)

Common Ratio? = 6/3=2 3(2¹⁰/2-1)/2 -1)

3(1024_1)/1= 3069

3. Given that 5, x, 35 and 84 are in proportion, find the value of x. (3 marks)

5/x=5/34

x=5×84/35

=12

4. The base of a triangle is 3 cm longer than its height and its area is 35 cm. Determine the height and base of the triangle. (4 marks)

1/2(x+3)x=35

x²+3x-70=0

(x+10)(x-7)=0

x=7

0r x=-10

5. The figure below is a map of a piece of land on a grid of l cm squares.

Estimate the area of the map in square centimetres. (3 marks)

Full square =11

Fractional square = 26

Area estimate = 11+26/2

=24cm²

6. A chord of a circle, radius 5 cm, subtends an angle of 30° at the centre of the circle. Determine the length of the chord, correct to 2 decimal places. (3 marks)

7. The extension (E), in cm, of a rubber band when pulled by a force (F) was found experimentally and recorded as shown in the table below:

(a) On the grid provided, draw a graph of extension(E) against force(F). (2 marks)

(b) Use the graph to determine the extension when the force is 7 units. (1 mark)

– Extensions when forces is 7 units 10.5cm

8. The position of towns M and N are M(0 °, 5 l °W) and N(0 °, 37 °E). Find the distance between the two towns in kilometres, correct to one decimal place.

(Take the radius of the earth as 6370km and π = 22/7) (3 marks)

9. The table below shows the values of y = 2sin(6 + 30°) for 0° S 95 360°.

(a) On the grid provided below, draw the graph of y = 2sin(0+ 30°) for 0° S 6 5 360 Use l cm for 30° on the x-axis and 2cm for one unit on the y-axis. (3 marks)

(b) Use the graph to detemine the value of y when 0 = 162°. (1 mark)

When θ = 162°,y=0.4

10. The figure below represents the distance covered by a car within a given period of time

Find the average speed of the car in kilometres per hour. (3 marks)

11. Kitonga deposited Ksh50000 in a bank which paid compound interest at the rate of 10% per annum. Find the compound interest accrued by the end of the fourth year. (3 marks)

12. The number of different vehicles allowed through a road block was recorded as follows:

Represent the above data in a pie chart. (3 marks)

14. (a) Find a matrix which, when multiplied by matrix M =

gives the identity matrix. (2 marks)

(b) Given that N =is a singular matrix, find the value of x. (2 marks)

15. A square QRST with vertices Q(l,1), R(3,1), S(3,3) and T(l,3) is transformed by the matrix

 Find: (a) the area of square QRST; (2 marks)

(b) the area of image Q’R’S’T’. (2 marks)

16. Given that p = 6i + Zj, determine the magnitude of p, correct to 2 decimal places. (2 marks)

SECTION II (50 marks)

Answer any five questions from this section in the spaces provided.

17. The second term of an arithmetic progressi0n(AP) and fourth tenn of a geometric progression(GP) are each 80. The sixth terms of the AP and GP are each 320.

(a) Find:

(i) the first term and the common differences of the AP. (2 marks)

(ii) the first teirn and the common ratio of the GP. (2 marks)

(b) Determine the 20*“ term of the AP. (2 marks)

A.P.T₂₀=20+19X60

=1160

(c) Determine the difference between the sum of the first 12 terms of the GP and the sum of the first l2 terms of the AP. (4 marks)

G.P.S₁₂=12(12¹²-1)/2-1

=49149

A.P.S₁₂=12/2{2×12+(12-1)60}

=4104

Difference=49140-4104

=45036

18. (a) (i) Complete the table below for the values of y = x2 ex — 6 for -3 5 x S 4. (2 marks)

(ii) Find y when x is 1/2= (l mark)

(b) On the grid provided, draw a graph of y = xi —x ~ 6 for —3 5 x 5 4. (3 marks)

(c) On the same grid, draw line y = 3- x + l and hence solve the equation x2—x~6= ;3x+l. (4marks)

Line y = -3/2x+1

=2.4

=-2.8

19. The marked price of a wall unit was Ksh 50 000. The price on hire purchase (HP) terms was 175% of the marked price.

(a) A customer bought the wall unit in cash and was offered 10% discount. Find the amount of money the customer paid for the wall unit. (2 marks)

50,000×0.9

=ksh 45000

(b) A second customer decided to purchase a similar wall unit on HP terms.

(i) Determine the HP price. (2 marks)

50000×1.75

=87,500

(ii) The customer paid 20% of the HP price as deposit and was to pay the balance in 28 equal monthly instalments. Find the amount of each monthly instalment. (3 marks)

Amount to pay in instalments;

87500×0.8

ksh 70,000

Monthley instalments =70000/28

ksh2500

(c) A third customer bought a similar wall unit in cash by taking a loan equal to the marked price. The loan was to be repaid in 15 months and the bank charged interest at the rate of 4% compounded monthly.

(i) Find, correct to the nearest shilling, the amount of money the third customer paid the bank. (2 marks)

50,000×1.04¹⁵

90047.17528

90047

(ii) Find the amount of money the third customer spent more than the marked price. (l mark)

90047-50000=ksh4007

20. The figure below shows triangle ABC IN which AB=6cm,BC=8cm,BD=4.2cm and AD=5.3cm.Angle CBD=45°

Calculate to one decimal place

the length of CD; (3 marks)

size of angle ABD; (3 marks)

size of angle BCD; (2 marks)

area of triangle ABD. (2 marks)

1/2x6x4.2sin59.5

=10.9cm

21. Mawira, a poultry farmer carried out the following transactions during the month of February 2017:

February l: Had Ksh 10000 carried forward from January 2017

3:Bought 2 bags poultry feed @Ksh 1250

7:Paid Ksh 750 for water

11:Bought materials for construction for Ksh 1 900

13:Received Ksh 12 000 from sale of broilers

17:Sold 500 eggs at Ksh 8 each

21:Paid Wages to 2 casuals at Ksh 1 750 each

24:Sold chicks for Ksh 5 000

25:Paid Ksh l 300 for electricity

26:Sold 30 layers at Ksh 500 each

28:Bought incubator for Ksh l2 500

Prepare a single column cash book for Mawira’s transactions and balance it as at ls‘ March 2017. (10 marks)

22. The table below shows the marks of 50 candidates in a test.

(a) Draw a cumulative frequency curve for the data. (5 marks)

(b) Use the graph to determine:

(i) the median mark; (2 marks)

Median=46

(ii) the percentage of students who scored above 64%. (3 marks)

50-41

=9

=9/50×100

=18%

23. Two boxes B and C contain identical balls except for the colour. Box B contains 5 violet balls and 3 green balls. Box C contains 3 violet balls and 4 green balls.

(a) A ball is drawn at random from each box. Find the probability that both balls are of the same colour. (4 marks)

(b) Two balls were drawn at random from each box, one ball at a time without replacement. Find the probability that:

(i) the two balls drawn from box B or box C are violet; (4 marks)

ii) all the four balls drawn are violet. (2 marks)

5/14×1/7

=5/98

24. The vertices of a triangle ABC are A(2, 2), B(5, 3) and C(3, 5)

. (a) Find the vertices of A A’B’C’ the image of A ABC under the transformation represented by the matrix

(2 marks)

(b) Triangle ABC is mapped onto A A”B”C” whose vertices are A”(—2, 2), B”(-5, 3) and C”(-3, 5) Find the matrix of this transformation. (4 marks)

 

(c) Triangle ABC undergoes two successive transformations PQ =

Determine the vertices of A A”’B”’C”‘, the image of AABC, under the combined transformation. (4 marks)

A sales organization performs the following functions:

• Analysis of markets thoroughly, including products and market research.
• Adoption of sound and defensible sales-policy.
• Accurate market or sales forecasting and planning the sales[1]campaign, based on relevant data or information supplied by the marketing research staff.
• Deciding about prices of the goods and services; terms of sales and pricing policies to be implemented in the potential and existing markets.
• Labelling, Packaging and packing, for the consumer, who wants a container, which will satisfy his desire for attractive appearance; keeping qualities, utility, quantity, and correct price and many other factors in view.
• Branding or naming the product(s) and/or services to differentiate them from the competitors and to recognise easily by the customer.
• Deciding the channels of distribution for easy accessibility and timely delivery of the products and services.
• Selection, training and control of salesmen, and fixing their remuneration to run the business operations efficiently and effectively.
• Allocation of territory, and quota setting for effective Selling and to fix the responsibility to the concern person.
• Sales-programmes and sales-promotion-activities prepared so that every sales activity may be completed in a planned manner
• Arranging for advertising and publicity to inform the customer about the new products and services and their multiple uses.
• Order-preparation and office-recording to know the profitability of the business and to evaluate the performance of the employees.
• Preparation of customer s record-card to the customer loyalty about the products.
• Scrutiny and recording of reports to compare the other competitors and to compare with the past period.
• Study of statistical-records and reports for comparative analyses in terms of sales, etc.
• Maintenance of salesman’s records to know their efficiency and to develop them.

 

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SALE MANAGERS

1.  Environmental analysis and marketing research-this usually involves monitoring and adapting to external factors that affect success or failure such as the economy and competition and  collecting data to resolve specific marketing issues.
2. Broadening an organizations/individuals scope-this involves deciding on the emphasis to place as well as the approach to take on societal issues and international marketing.
3. Consumer analysis-this involves examining and evaluating consumer characteristic needs and purchase processes; and selecting the group(s) of consumers at which to aim marketing efforts.
4. Product planning-this includes goods,services,organisations,people,places,and ideas-developing and maintaining products, product assortments(a set o all products and items that a particular seller offers for sale to buyers),product images, brands, packaging and optional features and deleting faltering products.
5. Distribution planning-this involves forming relations with distribution intermediaries, physical distribution, inventory management, warehousing, transportation, the allocation of goods and services, wholesaling and retailing.
6. Promotion planning-this involves communicating with customers, the general public and others through some form of advertising, public relations, personal selling and or sales promotion.
7. Price planning-this involves determining price level and ranges, pricing techniques, terms of purchase, price adjustments and the use of price as an active or passive factor.
8. Marketing management-this involve planning, implementing, and controlling the marketing program(strategy) and individual marketing functions; appraising the risks and benefits in decision making; and focusing on total quality.

 

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SALES MANAGER

1. Knowledge of: firm’s long and short-run goals and objectives, production process, consumer behavior, competitors
2. Functional skills: market forecast, design of sales organization, recruiting and selecting salesperson, training, budgeting, compensation, territory and quota design, sales analysis, developing sales approach, customer service, order processing, credit and collection, promotion
3. Administrative ability: planning, organizing, coordination, motivating, evaluation and control, communication
4. Leadership ability
   

Questions and Answers Mathematics Alt.B Paper 1 (122/1)

Section I (50 marks)

1. (a) Express 4732 in terms of its prime factors. (1 mark)

4732=2²x7x13²

(b) Find the smallest positive nmnber that must be multiplied by 4732 to make it a perfect square. (1 mark)

2²x7x13²x 7=2²x7x13²is a perfect square.

2. Three people Juma, Weru and Njeri went round a circular racing track, 3. 12km long. They all started from the same point and moved in the same direction. Juma walked at 48m per minute,Weru ran at 120m per minute while Njeri cycled at 156m per minute.

If they started travelling at 0700 h, find the time when they were first together again. (3 marks)

3. Evaluate

4. Without using a calculator evaluate

5. Use logarithms to evaluate

6. The diagram below represents a cube of side 10cm from which a cuboid measuring xcm by xcm by 10cm is removed as shown.

Write an expression in terms of x, for the surface area of the remaining solid. (3 marks)

4x10x10+2(10 × 10-x²

7. A cylindrical tank 1.4m in diameter contains 3234 litres of water. Find the depth, in metres, of the water. (Take π =22/7). (3 marks)

The figure below represents a quadrilateral ABCD in which angle DAB = 60°, angle BCD = 30° and BC = DC = 40 cm. Side AB = AD.

 

11. Two employees Njoka and Okoth contributed i and % of their salaries respectively to start a project. The contribution amounted to Ksh 16 000. If Njoka contributed 2 and Okoth % of their salaries, the contribution would have been Ksh 30 O00. Calculate each person‘s salary. (3 marks)

12. Solve x – 8⋜-x⋝ 4 — 3x and represent the integral values of x on a number line. (4 marks)

13. Figure ABCDEF is a regular hexagon. Line AE and BF intersect at G.

size of angle F GE. (3 marks)

∠BAF=120°interior angle of a regular hexagon

∠AEF=∠FAE180-120

60/2=30°

in triangle EFG∠EFG=120-130=90°

FGE=180-(90+30)=60°

14. Using a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct triangle PQR in which PQ = 8cm, A RPQ = 60° and L PRQ = 75°. Measure PR. (4 marks)

15. The marked price of a _TV set is Ksh 36 000. A dealer sold the set and allowed a 12% discount on the marked price and still made a 25% profit on the cost price. Find the cost price of the set.(3 marks)

selling price was ksh 3600×88/100

=31,680

cost price was ksh 31,680×100/125

=ksh 25,324

16. Figure A’B’C’D’ is the image of ABCD under a rotation. By construction, detennine the centre P and the angle of rotation. (3 marks)

SECTION II (50 marks)

17. A saleslady earns a monthly salary of Ksh 60 000. She gets a commission of 4% on the value of goods she sells above Ksh 250 O00 but less than Ksh 400 000. On goods sold above Ksh 400 000, she gets a commission of 7.5%.

(a) In a certain month, she sold goods worth Ksh 525 O00. Calculate her total earnings that month. (4 marks)

(b) In another month, she earned a total of Ksh 94 500. Find the value of goods that she sold that month. (6 marks)

 

18. Lines y + 2x = 4 and 3x — y = 1 intersect at point T.

(a) Find the equation of line L] which passes through point T and (3,—2). (5 marks)

 

(b) A line L2 passes through (5,4) and is parallel to L]. Find the equation of L, in the form y = mx + c where m and c are constants. (2 marks)

 

(c) Another line L3 is perpendicular to L1 at T. Find the equation of L3 in the fonn ax + by = c where a, b and c are integers. (3 marks)

 

19. A car travelled from town A to town B. The car started from rest at A and moved with a constant acceleration for 2 minutes and attained a speed of 1.2 km/minute. lt then maintained this speed for a further 10 minutes before decelerating at a constant rate for another four minutes. The car finally came to rest at B.

(a) On the grid provided, draw a speed-time graph for the car. (4 marks)

(b) Use the graph to calculate:

(i) the distance, in metres, the car travelled during its deceleration; (2 marks)

 

(ii) the distance, in kilometres, covered by the car in the whole journey; (2 marks)

 

(iii) the average speed, in km/h, for the whole journey. (2 marks)

Average speed=15.6/4/15hrs

58.5km/h

20. The figure below is a square of side x cm. The square is divided into four regions A, B, C and D. Regions A and C are squares. Square C is of side ycm. Regions B and D are rectangles.

 

(a) Find the total area of the following regions in terms of x and y in factorised form:

(i) A and C; (1 mark)

Area of A+C=(x-y)(x-y)+y²

(ii) B and D; (2 marks)

Area of B+D=y(x-y)+y(x-y)

=2y(x-y)

(iii)A,B,C and D 2marks

(x-y)²+y²+2y(x-y)

=(x-y)(x-y)+y²+2yx-2y²

=x²-2yx+y²+y²+2yx-2y²

=x²

(b) Find the total area of B and D in terms of x given that y = 2cm.

=2(x-2)+2(x-2)

=4x-8

(c) Factorise 25c²– 16

=25c²-16=(5c)²-4²

(d) Evaluate Without using mathematical tables:

(i) 5024²-4976²

5024²-4976²=(5024+4976)(5024-4976)

=10000×48

=480000

(ii) 8.96²-1.04²

8.96²

-1.04²=(8.96+1.04)(8.96-1.04)

=10×7.92

=79.2

21. The figure below represents a right pyramid VEFGH mounted on a cuboid ABCDEFGH. LineAB =6cm,DA= 8cm andAF =BG =CH=DE=3cm. LineVE=VF=VG=VH= 13cm.

Calculate, correct to 2 decimal places:

(a) the surface area of the rectangular faces;

Area of the face of a cuboid =8x6cm²

2 Area of 4 faces of the side of the cuboid =(2x8x3+2x6x3)cm²

=48+36cm=84cm²

Total 48+84=132cm²

(b) the surface area of the triangular faces.

(c) the total surface area of the solid.

=132+174.86

=306.86 cm²

22. The figure below is a solid which consists of a frustum of a cone, a cylinder and a hemispherical top.

The internal radii of the frustum are 42 cm and 2l cm. The vertical height of the original cone was 40 cm and the height of the cylinder is 30 cm

(b) the volume of the cylindrical part; (2 marks)

=22/7x21x30

= 41580cm

(c) the total volume of the solid. (3 marks)

=1/2×4/3×22/7x³

=19404cm²

Total volume = 64680+41580+19404

=125664cm²

23. Four posts A, B, C and D stand on a level horizontal ground. Post B is 240m on a bearing of 060° from A, C is 210m to the south ofB and D is 150m on a bearing of 140° from A. (a) Using a scale of l cm to represent 30 m, show the relative positions of the posts. (4 marks)

(b) Use the scale drawing to:

(i) find the distance and the bearing of C from D; (2 marks)

Distance CD=3.7×30

= 111km

Bearing of C from D=0.76°

(ii) determine how far A is to the west of B. (2 marks)

Distance of A to the west of B

= 6.9×30

= 207 km

(c) The height of post D is 18 m. Calculate, correct to 2 decimal places, the angle of elevation of the top of post D from the foot of post A. (2 marks)

tanθ18/50

=0.12

θ=tan^-1

0.12

6.84°

24. The vertices of a triangle are A(—2, 2), B(2, 2) and C(2, 8).

On the grid provided, draw triangle ABC and its image A’B’C’ under a rotation of —90° about R( 1 , l ). (3 marks)

The vertices of triangle A”B”C”are A”(—1, -5), B”(~1, —3) and C”(—4, ~3) . (i) Draw triangle A”B”C”. (1 mark)

(ii) Describe fully the transformation X that maps AA’B’C’ onto AA”B”C”. (3 marks)

– enlargment

– 1/2,centre(0,^–2)

Triangle A”’B”’C”‘ is the image of triangle A”B”C” under a reflection in the line x I 0. On the same grid, draw triangle A”’B”’C”’. (1 mark)

– triangle A’”B’”C’” drawn

State the type of congruence between:

(i) AABC and AA’B’C’. (1 mark)

– Directly congruent

(ii) AA”B”C” and AA”’B’”C”’. (1 mark)

– opposite congruent

 

INTRODUCTION TO SALES MANAGEMENT – Click to view

SALES MANAGEMENT FUNCTION – Click to view

SALES FORECASTING AND PLANNING – Click to view

RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF SALES FORCE – Click to view

MOTIVATION AND TRAINING OF SALES FORCE – Click to view

SALES ORGANIZATION – Click to view

BUDGETING AND EVALUATION – Click to view

EMERGING TRENDS IN SALES MANAGEMENT – Click to view

 

 

 

TOPIC ONE

INTRODUCTION TO SALES MANAGEMENT

NATURE OF SALES MANAGEMENT

Originally, the term ‘sales management’ referred to the direction of sales force personnel. But, it has gained a significant position in the today’s world. Now, the sales management meant management of all marketing activities, including advertising, sales promotion, marketing research, physical distribution, pricing, and product merchandising.

The American marketers association (AMA’s) definition, takes into consideration a number of these viewpoints. Its definitions runs like: the planning, direction, and control of the personnel, selling activities of a business unit including recruiting, selecting, training, assigning, rating, supervising, paying, motivating, as all these tasks apply to the personnel sales-force. Further, it may be quoted: it is a socio-scientific process, involving’ group-effort’ in the pursuit of common goals or objectives, which are predetermined. Co-ordination is its key, though, no doubt, it is a system of authority, but the emphasis is on harmony and not conflict.

Sales-management differs from other fields of management, mainly in different aspects: the selling operation of a business firm does not exist in isolation. Thus, simultaneous with the changes taking place in the business, as well as marketing-orientation, a new concept of sales management has evolved. The business, is now society-oriented, on human-welfare aspects. So, sales-management has to work in a broader and newer environment, in co-existence with the traditional lines. The present emphasis is now on total development of human resources.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SALES MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING MANAGEMENT

Sales and marketing always have had a close relationship, so close that many people have confused the two being the same.

1. Marketing is a method of bringing customers to a business as well as making others aware of the business product and brand. Sales is selling the product the company offers.it can be achieved through phone, interaction as well as web page.
2. Marketing sells the idea of product and services to everyone whereas sales sells the actual product one on one through personal interaction.
3. Marketing generates interest but sales brings in money.
4. Marketing does everything it can to reach and persuade prospective buyers while sales does everything it can to close the sale and get assigned an agreement/contract.
5. Marketing responsibility is selling the idea while selling has a responsibility of selling the product and can be achieved through sales making.
6. Selling is only a part of firm marketing activities and refers to personal communication of information to persuade a prospective buyer to buy something.
7. Marketing refers to the process of planning, exchanging, the process, concept/idea, pricing, promotion and distribution of goods and services and ideas to satisfy companies or individuals. Sales excludes all this.
8. Marketing has led to the emergence of marketing concepts (philosophies that aim at satisfying customer needs) while selling has led to the emergence of selling concepts (a philosophy that encourage organizations to undertake a large scale selling promotion effect.
9. Sales people usually sells to customers the products while the marketing meets the organization with customers. The major objectives of sales department is responsible for activities like promotion. Marketing ignores all this.

IMPORTANCE OF SALES MANAGEMENT TO AN ORGANIZATION

• To enable the top-management, to devote to more time in policy making for the growth and expansion of business.

(ii) To divide and fix authority among the sub-ordinates so that they may shirk work.

(iii) To avoid repetition of duties and functions so that there may not be any confusion among them.

(iv) To locate responsibility of each and every employee so that they can complete the whole work in stipulated time; if not then the particular person must be responsible.

(v) To establish the sales-routine in the business unit.

(vi) To stimulate sales-effort.

(vii) To enforce proper supervision of sales-force.

(viii) To integrate the individual in the organization.