September 17, 2022

KCSE Past Papers Art and Design 2014 3.14.1 Art & Design Paper 1 (442/1) SECTION A (20 marks) Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1 (a) Study the composition below. Identify the two most outstanding elements and one principle conveyed in the composition.(3 marks) (b)Explain the tenn “pendant” with reference to ornaments.(2 marks) (c) Give two basic reasons for decorating fabrics.(2 marks) (d) What is the difference between human figure drawing and portraiture?(2 marks) (e) State two reasons why a fabric may be crumpled, twisted or plaited when using it to create a collage.(2 marks) (f) Study the print below. Name the printing technique used to produce it.(1 mark) (g) Explain the term “priming” and state its function in painting.(2 marks) (h)Identify the visual symbol illustrated above and state its function.(2 marks) (i) Distinguish between the terms hue and pigment.(2 marks) (j)Identify the type face represented by the letter above and name the part labelled X. SECTION B (25 marks) Answer ALL the questions from this section in the spaces provided. below. 2 Using the stippling technique, create three dimensional effect on the font illustrated (4 marks) 3 The illustration below represents a process in the production of an artwork. Name the pans labelled A-F and classify them under materials, tools and equipment. (6 marks) 4 Explain the following techniques of decorating clay articles: (a) incising;(1 mark) (b) Slip trailing;(1 mark) (0) Inlaying;(1 mark) (d) Excising;(1 mark) (e) S graffito;(1 mark) 5 In the space provided, create an inverse repeat pattern using the motif below.(5 marks)   6 Read the following statement and rewrite it in calligraphic lettering in the box below.(5 marks) “A noble character is not inherited, It is earned by individual effort”. SECTION C (15 marks) Answer any ONE question from this section. Write your answers in the space provided after question 9. 7 (a) Name the structure illustrated below and state the material used to construct it.(3 marks) (b) Describe how you would use the structure to make a form in “papier mache”. (12 marks) 8 (b) What is a badge? (1 mark) (b) Name and explain four components of a badge. (12 marks) (c) State two functions of colour in a badge. (2 marks) 9 (a) With the aid of a labelled illustration describe the term ‘waisting’ in reference to weaving. (4 marks) (b) Explain four ways of achieving firmness of yarn in a mat made using the ghiordes knot. (8 marks) (c) State three main ways of finishing a woven mat. (3 marks)

KCSE Past Papers 2017 Art and Design Paper 2 Practical 2017 Art and Design paper 2 Answer only ONE question from EITHER alternative A OR B. ALTERNATIVE A: DRAWING OR PAINTING You are instructed that the use of rulers, tracing paper and other mechanical devices is forbidden in this alternative. EITHER DRAWING 1. Create an imaginative composition on the theme ‘the first bicycle ride’. The composition should be within an area of 35cm by 45 cm. OR PAINTING 2. Paint an imaginative composition of an elephant bathing its young one in a pool of muddy water. The composition should be in an area of 35cm by 45cm. ALTERNATIVE B: GRAPHIC DESIGN You are instructed that the use of rulers, tracing paper and other mechanical devices is allowed in this alternative. The colour of the working surface (paper) will not be considered as one of the colours required. EITHER 3. Modella creations, a youth group fashion company dealing in African designs requires to market its merchandise. In three colours design the following for the company: (i) Carrier bag measuring 20cm by 25cm. (ii) Compliment slip measuring 9.9 cm by 21 cm. (iii) DVD case front panel insert measuring 12cm by 12 cm. OR 4. Your time in high school is coming to an end, appreciate your Art and design teacher by; Designing a beautiful personalised thank you card; showing the front and inside panels, each measuring 15cm by 21 cm in four colours.

KCSE Past Papers 2017 Art and Design Paper 2 2017 Art and Design paper 1 SECTION A (20 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1. (a) Study the artwork below (i) Identify the most prominent element used in the artwork. ( I mark) (ii) State two uses of the element mentioned in (i) above. (1 mark) (b) (i) Outline two functions of traffic signs. (2 marks) (ii) Traffic signs are colour coded to guide road users; explain the meaning of each of the following colours as used in the signs: Blue; brown. (2 marks) (c) Describe stippling as a process in art. (1 mark) (d) Define a thumbnail in art and state its role. (2 marks) (e) Describe the term prototype as applied in design. (2 marks) (f) Outline the symbolic meaning of the following colours; (i) Black. (1 mark) (ii) Grey. (1 mark) (iii) Red. (1 mark) (g) What is a colossal statue? (2 marks) (h) Identify two techniques that were used to decorate the pottery article below. (2 marks) (i) Name the tool that is used in jewellery making to secure a clasp on one end of a beading wire. (1 mark) (j) State the function of a beater in weaving. (1 mark) SECTION B (25 marks) Answer all the questions from this section in the spaces provided. 2. In the space provided below make a quick sketch of a torn sports shoe. (5 marks) 3. (a) What is corporate identity? (1 mark) (b) List and analyse four basic corporate identity elements. (4 marks) 4. (a) (i) Name the intaglio printmaking process that is used to create tonal prints. (1 mark) (ii) Describe the intaglio printing technique. (2 marks) (b) Write the word APEX as it would appear in a linoleum block for printing. (2 marks) 5. (a) (i) What is balance? (1 mark) (ii) Identify and describe the type of balance portrayed in the artwork below. (2 marks) (b) Explain the importance of a viewfinder in art. (2 marks) 6. (a) Contrast between a selvedge and raw edge of a woven fabric. (2 marks) (b) Identify two characteristics and two uses of an open work weave. (3 marks) SECTION C (15 marks) Answer any one question from this section. Write your answers in the space provided after question 9. 7. Analyse the artwork below and (a) State the importance of critique in art? (3 mark) (b) Critique the artwork using the four components of artistic criticism. (12 marks) 8. The illustration below is a clay vase. Discuss the steps of making the vase in slab technique using a template and a hump round mould. ( 15 marks ) 9. (a) Outline and describe two approaches of drawing. (3 marks) (b) Illustrate the process of drawing using grid lines. (12 marks)

 Hindu Religious Education Paper 2 (315/2) 1. a) Rites & Rituals of the Sikh Naam Karan Sanskar   Family arranges the details of the ceremony. The venue is always the Gurudwara. Akhand path is read. Ardas is performed/Japji is recited. The parents, the child & family attend after having bathed & wom clean clothes The Guru Granth is paid obescience – bowed to. from home. The Guru Granth is opened at random and the Gyaniji/priest points out the name The child is blessed with the new name & given Amrit. All those who attended the ceremony are treated to Langar. or three word added for a girl’s name. Gifts are given to the child.b) Types of Hindu Temple Worship   Personal worship Communal worship Satsang Katha Kirtan Havan Padthc) Essential items used when visiting the Darasar   Katasanu – mat Whisk – vinjado/chamar Rice Flowers Muhpati Chakhdo – wooden board Kumkum Chandan Aarti plate Dakshina/Dan/money for offering Scriptures The three aspects of Karma Karla – is the doer of deeds & action Karma – is the deed or action itself Karana – is the means/instruments e.g. hands, legs, eyes through which deeds are done.2 a) Ways of correcting the effect of accumulated Karma   praying and keeping Parmatma close to one‘s heat. By doing good Karma without expectation of reward. By getting rid of anger, temptation, greed, violence. By not accumulating Karma through; thoughts – thinking good of all words – speaking kindly and truthfully action – by giving service to all around – family. looking after the environment by planting trees taking care of animals beatifying the environment -growing flowers, plants, etc. by cultivating the virtue of forgiveness by giving respect to all living beings. by doing his God-given duties faithfully by repenting for his sins accepting his present without complaints.c) The Characteristics of a person dominated by the Rajas Guna keeping full faith in Parmatma. A person dominated by Rajas guna is:   fond of creature comforts so he likes to live in good & comfonable homes wear good clothes is passionate is attached to material things likes to enjoy himself. full of desire is ever agitated has activities all the time greedy so becomes selfish & self centered. He neither rises in life or falls into tamas.3 a) How Rishi Bodh Divas is celebrated in Arya Samaj   Prayers are recited.  Havan is perfomqed.  Vedic discourses are given. Debates are held on religious topics.  Schools are involved in dramatizing lives ofDayand Swami Vivekand. Shradhanand Lala Lajpatrai Lekhram.   All above are remembered and their teachings remembered. All above are paid tribute to Rishi Langar is held. Prayers for peace are recited. Alms are given.6 x 1 = 6 marks b) The importance of Utsav in the lives of Hindus   Re affirm beliefs and recollect the personalities & their teachings. promote cultural & social traditions come together in prayers for peace. unity Break the monotony of daily routine Promoting happiness & optimistic attitudes Worship & prayers Perform rites & rituals of particular utsav Create religious & hamionious atmosphere strengthen family ties & relationships Promote & strengthen patriotism Promote national peace & unity Mark seasonal changes by celebrating and dancing (at plating, harvest, etc.) Leaming about our ancestors & history Dramatization & role playing of spiritual enlightened beings. Stress is reduced Artistic talents are recognized & promoted.8 x 1 = 8 marks c) The ways in which Dashera is celebrated in Kenya   Visit the temple/place of worship Listen to the religious discourse on the victor over evil Dramatize the killing of Ravan by Rama Fun fair & Fete activities Do alms Join Satsang Sing Bhajans Remember the story of Ramayan/role play/dramatize. Bum the effigy of Ravan Fireworks display Entertainment stalls  Malia prasad Continuous Ram Jaap Learn/practise archery Havan is performed. Puja is done.6 x I = 6 marks b) Reasons why Hindus visit Amarnath Hindu visit Amarnath because:   It is dedicated to Lord Shiva It has a naturally fonned Shivlinga. Lord Shiva forms part of Trimurti so Hindus worship Lord Shiva in the form of Linga. Lord Shiva delivered the science of yoga at Amamath. It is full of religious and peaceful vibrations. It is one a scenic top of Himalayas & very conducive to meditation. People say their prayers & offer worship. Brings contact with other like minded pilgrims.4 x 2 = 8 marks c) 5. a) The importance of the Sikh Trithakshetra of Hazoor Sahib   It is situated on the banks of a river/Godavari It is also called Nanded Guru Govind Singh declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the Living Guru Guru Govind Singh died here The Shrine is also known as Takhat All Sikh prayers are recited. All religious days are celebrated. Langar is offered daily.4 x l = 4 marks b) Names and locations of Chardham Yatra   Name Rameshwaram Dwarka Badrinarayan J agannath Location South India Gujarat North India — Himalayas East – Orissa4 x 2 = 8 marks c.The contributions made by Rishi Dayanand in the spread of Vedic teachings in the modern period     He revered the knowledge contained in the Vedas by thinking & studying it thoroughly. He spread the Vedic knowledge by giving religious discourse. He wrote many books explaining the Truth as contained in the Vedas. He wrote ‘Satyarth Prakash’ which laid down rules of living in a society He rejected idol worship and perfonning rites and rituals without understanding them. He propagated & promoted the performance of Yajna & havan. e He abolished the ‘sati‘ tradition. He encouraged women education. He encouraged women to study Vedas. He explained the Varna system. He explained the Ashrams. He founded Arya Sarnaj He stressed equality of man.8 x 1 = 8 marks b) The means by which Buddhism spread during the reign of King Ashok   His position as the King helped one & all to learn about Buddhism. His wealth made it easy. His leadership – as a converted Buddhist influenced many. His emissaries &

Library –is an  establishment in charge with the care of a books and making them available to those who requires. A modern library is regarded as a service institution whose  aim is to enable users to make its resources and services Information  center-is any institution that provides information  e.g books Types  of libraries School library-these are libraries established in a school environment to serve teachers and students they attend to equip students with knowledge so they can play their role in the society effectively A modern school library is supposed to serve as a resource center .its collection comprises of textbooks ,literature materials ,magazine, charts e.t.c where  pa audio-visual aids for teaching are also part of the collection Function of a school library Provide for teachers requirement g textbooks reference materials e.t.c in line with the curriculum needs To encourage and assist teachers to teach through the library in accordance with educational objectives this is done through assignment Provide reading materials in all area and subjects where possible i.e. materials which are outside the curriculum. Teach students on the use of a library i.e. the induction the do’s and the don’ts . Great reading interest among students by means of story hours and library hours i.e. students are given an opportunity to read on their own in the library and recite to others what they have read . Assist students to enjoy reading with choice and make profitable use of their leisure time. Provide guidance to students in the use of books reference materials t.c give them skills to locate  needs materials on their own. Encourage and provides facilities for Indipendent learning and self-propel facilities for Indipendent learning and self-propel study both inside and outside the syllabus Academic  library These are libraries which establish in colleges and universities They are mostly expected to support the objective of the institution .these objective varies depending on the course offered but the ultimate is the production of manpower needed in the society They mostly serve the information needs of trainers and trainees towards research and innovations. Functions  of academic  library Lending of information materials to both trainers and trainees based on their area of specialization Assist users in locating and searching materials in the library. This is done through user educations Providing trainers with advisory services when it comes to selective dissemination of information i.e. assist in acquisition of specific information Reservation of documents on behalf of users i.e. keeping a document to user when it is returned in the library after being borrowed. Inter-library lending (ill) getting of information materials from another library on behalf of the registered. Holding of library exhibitions as well as displaying of new additions in the library. Compilation of indexing and abstracting services for their user i.e. providing and summaries certain items. National library These are libraries which are responsible for acquiring and conserving all significant publication in a county they act as a deposit library by law. They are normally founded or a ran by the national government e.g Macmillan library in Nairobi. Functions of a national Act as a central collection of a nation information material, through the legal deposit They are empowered by the law to have a copy of all documents published in a country Act as a central point for loan photocoping Centre for all foreign literature (material books) Controls the issuance of materials from a foreign countries It plants and co-ordinates ill as a supporting system to duplicate national collection and foreign collection i.e. a list of materials which have been published in a country within a given year. It acts as a repository center (safe) for receiving storage and preservation as well as supply by photocopying of items withdrawn from other libraries i.e. acts as a dump site for unwanted materials from other libraries. It undertakes professional training for staff of the national library (i.e. it organizes for further studies for their staff.) Public library These are libraries which serve the population of a community or a region at a nominal fee. They are normal funded by the national government and mostly located in towns. In Kenya such libraries are the Kenya national libraries services founded in all major towns in Kenya. Functions of a public  library Provides variety of information materials needed by users of all walks of life .they serve each and every category of users. They support public education by providing educational materials based on various field of education. They provide entertainment to their user by providing materials which of current natures e.g magazines newspapers and to some extent they have audio ,visual facility. They engage in ill on behalf of their registered members e.  borrow materials from other libraries for their members. The provide readers with advisory services i.e. they give guidance to individual when it comes to selection of document to read. They stimulate good reading habits by bringing books and readers in close contact and this is done by organizing exhibitions ,road shows and open days. Special library These are libraries that exist to serve the conform of an institution or a body on their areas of profession or working environment .their use is limited to professions in a given field e.g law ,agriculture e.t.c Functions Provides information to enable users or members of an organization to keep pace or to keep track with significant development in the field of their interest.. Provides inspiration and stimulation to users by means of balanced collection and fire services Selections and acquisition of documents for its members Storage and retrieval of documents for members certain instance Private  library These are libraries which are primarily owned privately by an individual or a company They are mostly found in our place of resident or in companies premises. Their use is strictly restricted to the owner or members of the organization. Functions Promotes personal reading in a restricted environment They propagate co-function of the organization individual. They offer recreational facility to the members  i.e. provide an environment for leisure.

5.5 HINDU RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (315) 5.5.1 Islamic Religious Education Paper 1 (315/1) 1 a) Ways in which devotees communicate with Paramatma: Through   Prayer; Puja / aartil havan; Satsangl bhajan/ kirtan; Meditation: Helping poor/destitute; Looking after the environment – planting trees Studying scriptures.b) Ways of practising Dharma.   Studying religiously.; Obeying elders; Obeying school rules; Being good at home; Participating in games – winning treat or losing same; Keeping body clean / take care of own health; Keeping the environment clean; Following moral – not telling lies; Being disciplined; Caring and sharing.c) Role of Paramatma in Ti-imurti   Brahma – creates the universe Vishnu – sustains all beings/protects Mahesh/Shiva – liberates/destroys.2 a) Contribution of Lord Mahavir in promoting non-violence   Responding to violence by keeping calm and peaceful; Practising meditation; Teaching/preaching non-violence through:- words – not speaking harmful words – thoughts – not having hurtful evil thoughts – deeds – not to do evil deeds.   Preaching the principle of “live and let live”;  Not eating root vegetables; Not eating after sunset: Fasting regularly; Following strict vegetarianism Preaching Anekantvad – respect; for all religions; Showing respect for all life.3.a) Teachings of Sant Kabir:   Respect your Guru; Respect all religions; Parmatma is same in all religions – Rama & Rahim; No need to go for Tirthayatra for salvation; No need to go to temples – Paramatma resides in our hearts; Live a simple life; Recite Parmatma’s name in order to reach Him; Practise universal brotherhood; Always work with Partmatma in your heart.b) Role of Dhammapada in Buddhism:   A scripture for Buddhists; Contains life historyl how he lived attained salvation Shows the path to attaining salvation; Has principles of Buddhism;. Teaches detachment; non-violence; middle path; eight fold path; four noble truths; Final destiny of sould is “Nirvana”; Salvation is attained by one’s own efforts; Cosmic order always continues.c) Ways in which Lord Rama demonstrated that he was an: Ideal Son   Cared for his parents as a child; Obeyed his parents; Gave attention to his step mother even after she sent him on exile; After his father’s death, he asked his mother to bear with him until his retum; Performed all final rites for his father after his death; Went to study in the forest under Guru Vasishtha as asked by his father; Went to the forest with Vishwamitra to kill demons / protect Brahmins.ii Ideal King:   Ruled Ayodhya fairly; Administration was just; Provided security for citizens; Promoted peace and unity in his kingdom by being righteous and moral; Dealt with emerging issues fairly, squarely and firmly; Listened to the complaints and welfare; Rules with advice of wise persons; Motivated his subjects to follow righteousness with exemplary living; Put his subjects’ interests first – sacrificed his happiness and sent Sita to exile.  4. a) How control of mind helps in practice of lndriya Nigraha   Control over five senses; Eyes – see good, avoid evil; Ears – hear; good, avoid evil; Skin – should tolerate smoothness and roughness; Eat food without caring for taste; Smell – good or bad, should not put one off; Hands – desist from doing bad deeds; Legs – to walk to holy places; Think and speak pleasing and positively; Do not become angry; Do not tell lies; Obey rules; Work hard; Be active/not lazyb) Duties of a Vanaprasthi   Retire from active life; Study scriptures; Pass the knowledge acquired to others; Attend religious discourses / functions; D0 social work; Guide family members; Practise detachment; Live a simple life; Offer guidance/ advance to people who need; Have control over senses.c) Five Daily Yajnas for a Grahasthi   Brahma Yajna: Deva: Pitru; Bhoot; Atithi.  5. a) Entitites to whom Buddhists pay homage in Mahamantra   Buddha – Lord Buddha Sangha- – Congregation Dharma – Religion,  b) ow the Sikh principle of forbidding intoxicants can help Kenyan youth   By forbidding intoxicants, the youth can keep busy and avoid idleness, they can engage in meaningful activities; – v Keeping away from intoxicants promotes good health among the youth; Time saved from non indulgence in intoxicants can be utilised in meaningful activities; Keeping away from intoxicants make the youth better leaders of tomorrow; Forbidding of intoxicants leads to saving money, time and energy; Keeping away from intoxicants promotes better relationships in the community .e.g., no fights, quarrels; Reduces crime rate in the community.5 x 2 10 marks c) Beings from whom Jains seek forgiveness during Pratikraman   Plants; Animals; Fellow human beings; Insects: E1ders; Juniors; Employees; Friends; Foes; Souls.6 a) How Dhyana & Dharana leads to Samadhi (i) Dhyana:-   Helps mind to become calm and peaceful Focusses mind stops other thoughts This state leads to Dhama.(ii) Dharana:-   Control over the mind Fix the mind to a symbol, mantra. a lighted candle; Makes one ready for Samadhi – when mind stops working and leads one to bliss.2 a) Qualities of a devotee practising Dasyam Bhakti.   Obedience; Humility; Service: Adoration: Love; Trust in Paramatma: Discipline: Worship.b) Teaching of Jnana Yoga   It is one of the 3 Yoga that lead one to Moksha: It teaches that Paramatma is Supreme: It teaches that soul is immonal and etemal: One should be detached from material things: Unity of Atma with Paramatma: Analyse information to anive at conclusions: Helps to remove the ignorance of the nature of soul: Gives a devotee knowledge of the Universe: Rites and rituals should be performed with understanding.  It is the search for ultimate goal of life why we are born, etc;

4.12.2 Hindu Religious Education Paper 2 (315/2) 1 . (a) Reasons why Sanskars (Rites) are important to Hindus: An individual through these Sanskar (i) acquires a unique identity of his/her own (ii) obtains social acceptance (iii) gets security through the rites in family and community (iv) learns about specific duties of a person at each stage from birth to death (v) promoted religious procedures and an understanding of them (vi) gives moral and ethical values to an individual (vii) Gets knowledge from the society and scriptures (viii)Learns about the cultural heritage and (iX) preserves the social customs and practices (X) Takes responsibility – personal, social and universal (Xi) Marks major milestones of life – birth, education, marriage, death, etc. (7 x 1 = 7 marks) (b) Religious rituals of a Sikh Wedding ceremony (Anand Karaj) (i) The ceremony begins with the recitation of morning hymn Asa di var (ii) The couple sit in front of the Guru Granth Sahib (iii) The duties of the couple in their new life are explained by the presiding priest – Gyaniji (iv) These duties are for the husband to protect and provide and the wife to be with her husband and take care of home (v) The wife promises to be content and loyal to her husband (vi) The couple accepts the teachings and to show their assent by bowing to the sacred scripture/GGS (vii) The father performs the ceremony of giving consent to his daughter getting married to the groom – kanyadan (viii) The four lavans – marriage hymns are recited (iX) The couple go round the Adi Granth four times while the marriage hymns – lavans are recited (X) The first five and the final verse of the Anand or marriage ceremony are recited The Ardas is performed (Xi) Hukamnama is read (Xii)Prasad is distributed. (7 x 1 = 7 marks) (c) The importance of Jain Siddha Chakra: It reminds J ains of the five revered ones from all directions (i) Siddha (ii) Acharya (iii) Upadhya (iv) Sadhu (v) Arihanta (vi) It tells Jains to practise (vii) Samyak Darshan – Right faith (viii)Samyak Gnan – Right knowledge (ix) Samyak Charitra – Right conduct (x) It shows J ains how to burn their Karma through self discipline (xi) tapes – austerities (xii) a symbol /object of worship (6 x 1 = 6 marks) 2. (a) Three types of Karma with an example of each. (i) Vikarma – Action prohibited by Dharma Telling lies, greed, temptation, false pride, irreligious, intoxication (drugs and alcohol) (ii) Akarma – Action which are natural Breathing, eating, feeling hungry so eating, using the body for movement, seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting (iii) Anasakta – Action done without attachment to the deed or expectation of reward. Doing one’s duty – mother cooking, father earning, helping a beggar, stranger, fund-raising, adopting a child, paying fees for needy students, taking care of senior citizens (3 x 2 = 6 marks) (b) How the Law of Karma can help a person living with HIV/AIDS to lead a positive life (i) to accept what one is/ one‘s fate/ present circumstances/ gets mental bliss (ii) the present is the result of past Karma (sanchita) (iii) keep unquestioning trust in Paramatma (iv) HIV/AIDS is one‘s own mistake cum fate gets self respect (v) Others also give respect and accept him/her (vi) Not to blame anyone (vii) Do meritorious actions and ease the present (viii) Keep one-self busy in spite of the illness – pray, meditate, worship, help others (ix) Improve Prarabdha Karma (fate) by present Karma (7 x 1 : 7 marks) (c) Importance of Artha (livelihood) in Purushartha (i) Artha means getting money/ finances through right livelihood and honest means (ii) Money fulfils all desires (iii) gets education (iv) shelter (v) comforts in life (vi) mental peace (vii) self-respect (viii) pride in one‘s profession (ix) enables service to family members (X) social service 3. (a) How the Sikhs celebrate Vaisakhi in Kenya Sikhs celebrate in Kenya as follows: (i) Nishan Sahib, the Sikh flag is replaced by a new one (ii) A service and prayers are held (iii) The prayers are led by Panj Pyare (iv) The flag post is taken down (v) Chola – the flag cloth is removed and the flag post is cleaned and washed (vi) It is then covered with a new chola/cloth and re-hoisted (vii) Ardas is recited (viii)Akhand path is arranged for two days prior to Vaisakhi and the Bhog takes place on the morning of Vaisakhi (ix) Discourses are given on the importance of Vaisakhi and religion (x) Amrit ceremony is performed for new initiates (xi) Competitions are held in sports, martial ans, poetry and essay writing (xii) Sikhs enjoy the day by singing and dancing to Bhangra music (xiii) Langar is served for three days ending on Vaisakhi day (xiv) Sikhs give service to do seva during the whole day. (8 x 1 = 8 marks) (b) How the celebration of Mahashivratri affect the life of Swami Dayanand (i) Dayanand Swami had kept a fast and vigil in the temple of Lord Shiva (ii) He saw a little mouse come and climb the shiv linga (iii) It started to nibble at the offerings (iv) Dayanand started thinking “why does the Shirlinga does not defend itself against a little mouse?’ (v) On deep thought he concluded that the murti of Parmatma is powerless. His search for truth began (vi) He studied the scriptures and vedas and learnt that Pramatma is formless – Nirakar (vii) He started preaching against Murti puja and meaningless rituals (viii) He started preaching the Arya Samaj which advocates and promotes the teachings of vedas (iX) He promoted ved rites and rituals like performing of havan and sanskers (X) He wrote Satyarth Prakash. (6 x 1 = 6 marks) (c) Virtues developed by Jains during Paryushan Parva (i) self-discipline (ii) compassion (iii) forgiveness (iv) brotherhood (V) purity of mind (Vi) purification of physical needs (vii) detachment (viii) humility (iX) devotion (X) amity (Xi) reverence for all life (xii) equanimity. (6 X 1 = 6

4.12 HINDU RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (315) 4.12.1 Islamic Religious Education Paper 1 (315/1) 1. (a) Elements that make up the universe according to Gita 7:4 (i) Prithvi – earth (ii) J al , Apa – water (m) Agni – fire (iv) Vayu – air (v) Akash – space, ether (vi) Buddhi – intellect, reason, logic (vii) Manas – mind, mental (viii) Ahamkar – ego (ix) Atma – soul (5 x 1 = 5 marks) (b) Ways of communicating with Paramatma in Sagun and Sakar form (i) Puja (ii) Prayer (iii) Satsang (iv) Katha – recitation/listening (v) Akhand Path (vi) Individual prayer (vii) Visit places of worship – Mandir, Derasar, Stupa, Gurudwara (viii) Doing one’s dharma (ix) Artha – acquiring wealth for good purposes (x) Kama (xi) Service to elders, priests, needy persons (xii) Reading and understanding scriptures (xiii) Listening to religious discourses (xiv) Chanting, jaap, Naam J apha (xv) Performing religious ceremonies (xvi) Fasting (xvii) Meditating (10 x 1 = 10 marks) (c) Role of Lord Shira as liberator The way to liberation is shown by: (i) doing tapas/austerities (ii) detachment (iii) renunciation (iv) as Natraj shows total annihilation leading to a new creation (v) Ash on his body signifies mortality of body. No desires as they are burnt (vi) Trishul – trident shows 3 Gunas and how to transcent them (vii) Damru/drum calls for us to wake up and understand our real self (viii) How to survive in spite of evil that surrounds us by containing (ix) From his attire, clothing etc, shows way to Moksha/Mukti by destroying our ego (x) Ganga flowing from his head is the river of knowledge to destroy ignorance. (xi) River Ganga washes away sins. (5 x 1 = 5 marks) 2. (a) Practices that Lord Mahavir observed during his life as an ascetic (i) tapas – austerities (ii) aparigraha – non acquisition, simplicity (iii) ahinsa – non violence (iv) asteya – non-stealing, no temptation (v) sheel – Brahmacharya – celibacy (vi) anekantvad – tolerance of other beliefs (vii) satya – truth – true knowledge of soul/self (viii) detachment (iX) fasting (X) meditation (Xi) Not telling lies – living honestly (5 x 1 = 5 marks) (b) Role of Lord Vishnu in Kurma Avatar (i) Dev and Danav chrned the ocean with Mandar as a pivot. (ii) It began to sink, therefore Lord Vishnu took the form of a turtle and saved the mountain from sinking. (iii) This resulted in a successful churning which brought out Poison (iv) Laxmi (v) Treasures – Kausthale – jewels (vi) Airavat – elephant (vii) Kandhami (iii) Amrit (x) Kalpavrux – tree (xi) Parijat – flower (xii) Dhanvantri – medicines (xiii) Horse (xiv)bow – weapons (8 x 1 = 8 marks) (c) Contribution of Guru Gobind Singh to Sikhism (i) Introduced miri-piri – swords to represent physical and spiritual streng (ii) He trained as a solder for 22 years at Anand Pur and instilled the virtues of soldiers in others (iii) Wrote several compositions, hymns, shabads (iv) He introduced J aap Sahib (v) He wrote sawaiyyas (vi) He established Gurudwaras/Temples/Akal takt (vii) He preached against taboos (viii) He preached against caste system (iX) He advised people on dress codes (X) He advised people on diet (Xi) He administered Amrit to Panj Pyare as his disciples (xii) He founded Khalsa Panth (xiii) He established the tradition of five Kakkars (xiv) He compiled the Guru Granth Sahib (Xv) He declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the living Guru. (xvi) He introduced ‘singh‘ for men and ‘kaur‘ for females to give them unique identities. (7 x 1 = 7 marks) 3. (a) Five subjects whose knowledge is found in Atharva Veda (i) medicine (ii) surgery (iii) astronomy (iv) astrology (v) law (vi) engineering (vii) mathematics (viii) all sciences (ix)weaponry (5 x 1 = 5 marks) (b) The contents of Tripitika (i) Dhammapada – stories of Buddha (ii) Vinaijpilika – social code (iii) Suttapitika – shloka – worship (3 x 2 = 6 marks) (c) Events that led to the rescue of Sita by Lord Rama (i) J atayu informed Lord Rama about Sita’s abduction by Ravan – King of Lanka (ii) Therefore they headed south – a definite direction (iii) Kabudha advised Lord Rama to seek Sugriva’s help. (iv) Matang Rishi showed how to locate Sugriva on Mountain Rishyamukha (v) Hanuman carried Lord Rama and Laxman to the mountain to meet Sugreeva. (vi) Sugreeva showed the jewels they had found. (vii) Sugreeva sent out scounting parties to find Where Sita Was. (viii) Sampati gave information about Sita’s exact place in Lanka. (ix) Hanuman located Sita in Ashok Vatika. (X) Nal, Neel, J ambvan all helped to build a bridge to cross the ocean. (Xi) The army of Sugreeva and his soldiers fought along Rama to defeat Ravan and his soldiers/team. (xii) Rama met Sita and rescued her. (9 x 1 = 9 marks) 4. (a) Teachings of Purva Mimansa as applicable to the daily life of a Hindu Purva Mimasa is written by Jaimini Rishi and it advises: (i) to do/perform rites and rituals to attain specific desire e.g. to fast (ii) to recite mantras for a specific time (iii) to abstain from alcohol, drug, sex (iv) to perform havan (v) to pray on a daily basis (vi) to perform the five yagna – Den yagna (vii) manushya yagna (viii) Bhut yagna (iX) Athithi yagna (X) Pitru yagna (Xi) to repent for bad deeds (Xii) not to be tempted (xiii) not to be angry (xiv) to have righteous living (Xv) to have right action by thoughts, deeds and action (7 x 1 = 7 marks) (b) Five duties of a Sanyasi for the betterment of society (i) to spread knowledge by giving religious discourses (ii) to set an example how to live a simple life. (iii) to show how to slowly give up worldly pleasures and aparigraha (iv) to accept all without any barriers of caste, creed and religious (v) to promote ethics (vi) to promote morals and teach how to desist evil habits like alcoholism (vii) to persevere in spite of criticism

KCSE Past Papers 2017 HRE Paper 1 2017 Hindu Religious Education – Paper 2 1 a) Objects of Puja samogarithat are required for the performance of Havan. i. Kund. ii. Cotton wick. iii. Ghee. iv. Deepak. v. Havan samagari (mixture of herbs/ghee/dry roots). vi. Water. vii. Coconut. viii. Samidha (wood). ix. Kumkum. x. Rice. xi. Red thread. xii. Beetlenut. xiii. Prashad. xiv. Money for guru dakshiria. b) The benefits of the five kakaars (k) worn after Amrit Chhakna. ii. Kesh — refers to uncut hair which is regarded as a symbol of saintli- ness/Dharma. iii. Kanga — refers to a wooden comb which stands for purity/as hair needs to be combed. The individual could lead a pure life. iv. Kada – steel bangle/symbol of perfection of character/is a reminder to the wearer of their role as spiritual / useful citizen. v. Kirpan — refers to a sword — is an emblem of courage/self-respect and dignity/it symbolizes protection of Dharma which includes distortion of the Hindu culture and religion as well as standing up for the weak/down trodden and oppressed. vi. Kachha — refers to a pair of shorts worn by both men/women, morally it stands for chastity/comfort/quick movement when necessary. c) Importance of performing Sanskars. i. Rites and rituals are important for sustenance of religion. ii. It ensures continuity in the society. iii. It marks different stages in human life. iv. It brings the family/relatives together. v. The mantras chanted have deep meanings. vi. It disciplines life/mantras have effect on a person. vii. It encourages one to follow the principles of Dharma. 2. a) Karmas done in three different states of mind i. Abudh — this is done in ignorance/not punished in this or next life. ii. Abhan — done unintentionally/unconsciously done in sleep. iii. Nirhankar — it is done without any ego/unattached/not responsib1e/ not punished. b) Ways in which Hindus can contribute towards a healthy society. i. By keeping the environment clean. ii. Through helping/practicing spiritual healing. iii. Through guidance/counselling. iv. By teaching yoga to overcome all these named above. v. Through mantras/prayers — they relieve stress. vi. By giving donations/act of charity. vii. By supporting hospitals through offering services. viii. By reporting all forms of crimes to the relevant authorities. c) Examples of Vikarma Karmas. i. Stealing. ii. Wasting food. iii. Cheating in exam. iv. Nurturing someone/fighting in school. v. Disrespecting parents. vi. Being corrupt. vii. Being lazy. viii. Being selfish. ix. Being greedy. x. Being proud. 3. a) Reasons why Hindus celebrate Vyas Purnima. i. It is an auspicious day for Guru puja ii. On this day the disciples seek the blessings of their guru. iii. Guru Purnima is celebrated to pay tribute to Maharishi Ved Vyas/it is his birthday. iv. To remember all the hymns of the Vedas. v. To revere eighteen Puramas/Mahabharat. vi. To revere Guru Ved Vyas for the service he rendered to Hindu Dharma vii. To remember the reconciliation of the Kshatriyas and the Bhrama- nas. viii. To celebrate Ved Vyasji for the gift of Bhagwat — Gita b) How Janmashtami Ustavis celebrated in Kenya. i. On Janmashtami Hindus keep fast. ii. On this day the Hindus dramatize/bring a small child in a basket at mid night. iii. Devotees dance/welcome/sing/rejoice as if in Gokul/sprinkle colors iv. In Kenya this day is celebrated in all the temples/individual/com- munal. v. A cradle is decorated/children dramatize the episodes from the life of lord Krishna. vi. After mid-night arti is done/Prasad of makhan (butter)/panjari/rice pudding are offered. vii. Devotees rock the cradle which has Krishna’s Murh in it. viii. All those present take prashad of butter and then break their fast. ix. Hindus make donations. c) Differences in celebrating the Jain festival of Paryushan and the festi- val of Navratri. i. Paryushan falls in shravan, while Navratri is in Aswin. ii. In Paryushan devotees listen to holy discourses while in Navratri they sing/rejoice. iii. In Paryushan the devotees observe meditation where as in Navratri they praise Nav Durga. iv. Jains abstain from entertainment while in Navratri entertainment is allowed. v. In Paryushan the devotees asWseek for forgiveness while in Navratri devotees rejoice. 4. a) Importance of visiting the Ttrtha-kshetra Hazur Sahib. i. Sikh pay pilgrimage on the bank of river Godavazi at Narided. ii. Hazur Sahib is one of the five Takhate. iii. Guru Gobind the tenth Guru passed on there. iv. Also called sach-khand/Realm of Truth. v. Siri Guru Granth is installed there. vi. Guru Gobind Singh gave the status of eternal Guru to Granth Sahib at Hazur Sahib. b) Rituals undertaken while on the tirthyatra to Amarnath. i. The (devotees) pilgrims start trekking from pahalgam/shrinagar. ii. Trekking continues for four days (45 km) three halts are made at Chandanwari/Sheshnag/Panchatami iii. From Panchatarni journey starts early morning for six km iv. On reaching there devotees have darshan of naturally formed ice Lingam/they then return to Panchtami for lunch. v. Pay respect to the residing deities/continue to Wawjan to spend the fourth night out. vi. They return to Pahalgam on the fifth day. vii. The devotees sing bhajans/priests perform aarti/puja invoking the blessings of Lord Shiva viii. The Yatra is mostlytaken in the month of Shravan ix. Pilgrims go there barefoot, take minimum food or fast/perform austerities. c) Importance of Bodh-gaya to Buddhists. i. Bodh Gaya is considered the holiest place in India. ii. There is River Niranjana in Bihar/Buddhists both in this. iii. There is Mahabodhi Temple/houses a huge status of meditating Buddha covered in gold and orange garments iv. Gaya is blessed by Lord Vishnu’s foot. v. At Bodh gaya under the Boddhi tree the Sankhyamuri attained enlightment. vi. There is Divine Energy/Links with Buddha. 5. a) Saints who contributed towards the development of Dharma during the medieval period. i. Saint Kabir. ii. Saint Namdev. iii. Saint Tukaram. iv. Saint Eknath. v. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. vi. Shri Shamkracharya. vii. Shri Ramanujacharya. viii. Sant Vidyaranya. ix. Shri Valla hacharya b) The ways in which knowledge from Vedas is brought to Hindus in modern times. i. Through

PROCEDURE FOR COMPILING DIRECTORIES Establish preliminary decisions such as Geographical coverage. Will the directory cover Nairobi city or the whole Kenya? Sector coverage .Will the directory covers institutions directories of public libraries or professional-directory of librarians. Form of entries to be included. Name of individual or company Address of individuals or company Telephone or fax number                  Establish the arrangement of the entries.   Example; Kenya School of Professional Studies P.o. Box 60550 Nairobi ……………………………………………………………………….750255-8   The arrangement of entries should be consistent through the work. Identification of sources to consult. If possible contact them in advance. For instance if it iss a professional directory, one can consult the various information centers or even an institutional directory. Design the data input sheet. This is how the data will be recorded. Collection of data and recording it on a searchable medium Arrangement of entries Writing of preliminary pages. Such as introduction, abbreviations, two’s Physical production of the directory Binding Organize for revision Revision Questions 1. A professional Association has commissioned your consultancy firm to compile a directory of publishing firms within Nairobi 2. Compile directories of the following areas Institutional resources Different types of libraries Record and archives centers 3. Special and documentation centers Professional Associations Human resources Directories of librarians in Kenya Information consultants in Mombasa 4. Members of parliament in Kenya

KCSE Past Papers 2017 HRE Paper 1 2017 Hindu Religious Education –  1 1. a) Attributes of Paramatma according to the Kena Upanishad. i. Paramatma is eternal ii. Paramatma is the creator iii. He is liberator iv. He is the provider/sustainer of the universe v. He is powerful vi. He is infinite vii. He is incomprehensible viii. He is beyond the unknown ix. He is all knowledgeable. b) Basic elements of creation. i. Earth ii. Water iii. Air iv. Fire v. Ether c) Why Hindus revere Murtiin aplace of worship. i. It is a way of expressing love for Paramatma. ii. Hindus revere murti to follow the rules according to the scriptures iii. The rituals of Pranpratishta are performed on the murti/it is considered a living deity. iv. It is a way of fixing the mind on God/it draws the minds away from other sense objects. v. To develop love of a chosen idol. vi. Daily puja as given in Aagams is performed. vii. Such reverence elevated the devotee upto the final stage/moksha. 2. a) Childhood of Ciuru Nanak Dev Ji. i. Guru Nanak was born in Talwandi in Punjab. ii. On his birth he smiled/did not cry. iii. At the age of nine his father wanted him to wear ‘Janeu’. iv. The priest said that ‘Janeu’ will make him a better person. v. He refused to wear Janeu. vi. His father gave him money to do business/on the way he saw some holy men who were hungry. vii. He bought them food/fed them/this disappointed his father. viii. He started to write poems in praise of God. ix. One day when He was grazing cows, he sat under a tree/meditated while the cows ate the crops in a nearby farm. x. The farmer complained but after a short while crops were restored as before the farmer could not believe this. xi. The people started to believe that Nanak is not an ordinary child. b) How Dashavatar shows evolution of life in the Universe i. Matsya — being in water ii. Kurma — being half water/half land iii. Vara/ia — land iv. Narsimha — half man/half animal v. Vumdn — man vi. Parshuram — superman vii. Rama — ideal man viii. Krishna — knowledgeable man ix. Buddha — peace x. Still to manifest c) Reasons why Paramatma manifests Himself. i. To protect His devotees/humanity ii. To contain/destroy evil iii. To give Divine knowledge iv. To give practical lessons v. To teach/promote ethics/morality vi. To teach a contented life vii. To restore cosmic order viii. To save the world from destruction/protect Dharma ix. To bring peace/order 3. a) The teachings of Kalpasutra. i. It teaches about universal love ii. All living beings must be loved iii. Universe is the field of evolution for all iv. It teaches not to over exploit but to protect natural resources v. To practice non-violence in thought/word/ speech vi. One should engage in spiritual practices vii. Worldly attachment leads to greed/envy viii. Instill identity by appreciating the historical lineage ix. Contains the biographies of Tirthankars x. Outlines rules for Jain monks xi. Teaches reverence to the enlightened souls. b) Importance of Smntis to hindus i. Through Smritis Divine knowledge has been preserved/protected ii. Smritis show ways to get enlightenment iii. They are given directly by Paramatma iv. Smritis guide the way of life. c) Incidences from the Jtamoyonathat can assist Kenyans to promote pa- triotism in the society today. i. When Rama was a Prince he protected Ayodhya by killing the demons who were harassing the citizens. ii. They protected the Brahmins who were not allowed to do holy rites and rituals and killed those who were harassing them. iii. He had to go to the forest but left the kingdom in the safe keeping of Bharat who ruled from an ashram according to Rama’s instructions. iv. Rama defeated Ravan and could have become the king but he chose to return to Ayodhya because of his loyalty to his country. V. During his reign there were no crimes. People could leave their homes unattended without any worries of theft. vi. There was no corruption in the society. Vii. He listened to the voice of his citizens and kept Ayodhaya a free society. Viii. He instructed his sons and abdicated Ayodhya when the time came for him to retire. 4. a) Five principles of Hinduism i. Paramatma — Creator, God ii. Prarthana — Prayer, worship iii. Purusharth — Effort iv. Pranidaya — Non-violence, ahimsa v. Punarjanma — Reincarnation b) Reasons why Hindus are encouraged to practice vegetarianism i. Every life is sacred — whether animate or inanimate ii. No one should injure or harm other beings. iii. Animals have their lives and to cut them short in violence iv. When an animal is killed it is afraid, fearful and sad. When that animal is eaten all the negative vibrations it had are inherited by the ones who consume it. v. Meat is not satric food. It is rajasic, so induces laziness, sloth and such other attitudes. vi. Can bring guilt and violence in the mind when an animal is killed vii. Can disturb meditation. viii. Killing an animal collects bad Karma. ix. All beings want’to live and not die unnaturally. c) The four elements of Purusharth. i. Dharma — daily duties observing the ten principles ii. Artha — refers to wealth, wealth is needed for the society to function/gov- ernment/schools/homes creation of wealth should be pursued ethically and morally. Artha must be used in a manner that supports the progress of society. iii. Kaam — refers to the satisfaction of worldly desires. iv. Moksha — is a state of unending bliss/liberation, it means freedom from suffering. Man’s ultimate aim is to achieve Moksha. 5. a) Ways in which Aparigraha is practiced. i. By not having any attachment to wealth. ii. By not gathering unnecessary worldly things/materials iii. By not using unjust means to acquire things. iv. Aparigraha is practiced by giving charity. v. By not keeping surplus

INTRODUCTION Information professional does personally play a very significant role in the information service process. The categories of duties they perform vary from one institution to another. But generally they are charged with the responsibility of collecting/gathering information, processing, storing and eventually disseminating it to the clients/information users. The users here comprise of researchers, teachers and students, professional practioners, policy, makers and makers members of the grass root community in the rural areas etc. To begin with the information personnel must have a foresight of what the user’s needs and want the responsibility of determining the user needs. User needs assessment is therefore the role played by the information professionals. This could be determined through formal or informal approaches. A formal approach involves conducting interviews or admistering questionnaires to potential users in order to obtain their information needs. An informal approach involves an impromptu interview with actual or potential users of library. Organization of resources. Information resources if simply acquired and piled in a library in information centre will create chaos and disorder. The information professionals/personnel are duty bound to bring order in the information centers. This is done for the purpose of making location and access to such items easier and quicker. Organization of resources is achieved through bringing of related items together in a helpful sequence. In order to achieve this given specific scheme is used. In addition they also do the shelving. Information professionals also carry out information repackaging. Because of information overload due to information explosion language barrier and the preventive of information n a context that is outside the user’s cultural framework the information are required to repackage the information to make it usable. Repackaging implies information analysis, which involves/reviewing, consolidating and evaluating knowledge on specific topics. The products of repackaging information would include: Abstract, indexes, press cuttings, posters, translations etc.   Preparation of access tools: Information centre, have major goals of satisfying the user needs in the most efficient and effective way. The resources within centre holdings have to be access to. It therefore implies that the personnel in charge have to prepare guides to the literature holdings of these centers. Access tools include indexes, catalogues, accession, lists, finding aids, bibliographies etc. This leads to indexing, cataloguing, bibliographic compilations etc. Information personnel also play the role of being the link between the mass of literature and the clients in information users. This is exemplified in reference and referral service. The reference service involves personal/face-to-face assistance to the information users in answering their queries. Referral services is that type of service that entails linking of users to the information centers/that could best answer their queries. Selection and acquisition of information resources. Having determined the information needs of its potential users the next step for the personnel is to select the relevant information sources from the universe of information. After identification the personnel goes ahead and acquires these resources for the purpose of collection development. Publicity and promotion: why promote?   To make users aware of the service/collection existing. To inform users. Disseminate information e.g. CAS Educate users e.g. user education. To enable to know how to use the centre materials e.g. catalogues. One of the main reasons for user dissatisfaction with services provided by the libraries to the difficulty they experience when trying to access and retrieval of information sources have to be organized to facilitate access and retrieval of the information. Organization involves cataloguing classification and assigning subject headings to documents. Information resources could be effectively organized as follows. Books arranged in shelves according to classification schemes chosen at adopted by the personnel. Serials particularly periodicals and image lines are often arranged alphabetically by title and by subject etc. REVISION QUESTIONS Discuss 5 methods that can be used to promote information resources and services. Discuss the consequences of lack of access tools in a documentation centers. Describe any 4 processing work performed by information personnel after materials are received in the information centre.