September 19, 2022

Woodwork Paper 1 (444/1) SECTION A (40 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in this spaces provided. 1(a) List two levels of qualifications of Technical Personnel in the woodwork industry. (2 marks) (b) State four factors that determine the appearance of grains in timber. (2 marks) 2. Sketch and label a wing divider. (4 marks) 3. With the aid of sketches differentiate between chamfering and rounding as used in shaping. (4 marks) 4. Describe the following terms as used in timber: (4 marks) (a) texture; (b) figure. 5. State two functions of a jointer. (2 marks) Fill column 2 with the appropriate class of fire. (2 marks) 6. State four characteristics of lacquers. (2 marks) Classify the following types of pencils as either soft, medium or hard: 4H, 3B, B, I-IB, 2B, 2H. (3 marks) 7. Sketch a cross-sectional view of each of the following widening joints. (a) Rebated tongue and groove joint; (2 marks) (b) Splayed butt joint. (2 marks) 8. State three precautions to be observed to ensure that there is no damage to a saw blade when in use. (3 marks) 9. Sketch the following types of bits and state the function of each. (a) fiat bit; (2 marks) (b) countersink bit. (2 marks) 10. Figure 1 shows a polygon ABCDE. Enlarge the figure such that AB is 80 mm long. (4 marks) SECTION B (60 marks) Answer question 11 on A1l paper provided and any the questions from this section in the spaces provided ajrer question 5. Candidates are adviced to spend more than 25 minutes on question 11. 11 . Figure 2 shows a shaped block. In first angle orthographic projection, draw the three views of the block to a scale of 1:1. Insert any six dimensions. (15 marks) 12. (a) State three precautions to be observed when using a steel tape measure. (3 marks) (b) Figure 3 (a) shows a surface of an irregular wooden block. Figure 3 Using a pair of compass and a ruler and to a scale of lzlv ( i) Outline the construction procedure to produce the shape in figure 3 (b). (7 marks) (ii) Construct and mark out the shape shown in figure 3 (b). (5 marks) 13. (a) Explain three factors to consider when grading timber for use. (5 marks) (b) State four purposes of a primer coat as used in painting. (4 marks) (c) Using labelled sketches, show the difference between blockboard and plywood. (6 marks) 14. (a) State six benefits of starting a small scale business in rural areas. (6 marks) (b) Figure 4 shows pictorial views of wall mounted shelf. All members are 22 mm thick softwood. Figure 4 Prepare a cutting list for purchasing the timber required for the shelf. (9 marks) 15 (a) With the aid of labelled sketches, describe the ripping and cross cutting operations on a piece of timber. (8 marks) (b) State two advantages and two disadvantages of quarter sawing method of timber conversion. (4 marks) (c) List three precautions to be observed to prevent splitting the work piece when making a hole using a chisel. (3 marks)  

 Woodwork Paper 1 (444/1) SECTION A (40 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1 (a) Name four sources of business capital. (2 marks) (b) State four factors to consider when starting a business. (2 marks) 2 (a) State four dangers of inhaling toxic adhesives. (2 marks) (b) List four characteristics of trees that produce softwood. (4 marks) 3 State three reasons Why a mortice gauge may produce inaccurate marks on a piece of wood. (3 marks) 4 Figure 1 shows a piece of timber with defects. (a) Name the defects A and B. (2 marks) B ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .. (b) Stater- (i) two causes of defect A; (ii) one cause of defect B. (3 marks) 5 (a) List six practices that demonstrate the correct use of a cross-cut handsaw While cutting. (3 marks) Figure 2 Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D. (2 marks) A ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .. B ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .. C ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .. D ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .. 6 State the two functions of the knob in a bench plane. (2 marks)v 7 State four safety precautions to be observed when using a lathe machine. (4 marks) 8 Name four characteristics of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) glue. (4 marks) 9 Give two disadvantages of oil-based paint. (2 marks) 10 Figure 3 shows a mitred briddle joint. Figure 3 (b) Figure 2 shows a pictorial view of a circular saw. Sketch an exploded pictorial view of the joint. (5 marks) SECTION B (60 marks) Answer question I1 on the A1 paper provided and any other three questions from this section in the spaces provided after question I5. Candidates are advised not to spend more than 25 minutes on question 11. 11 Figure 4 shows a shaped block drawn in isometric projection. Draw, full size, the following views in first angle projection: (a) a sectional front elevation of the cutting plane x-x; (b) a plan; (c) indicate six dimensions. (15 marks) 12 (a) Outline the procedure of making a groove in a workpiece using a plough plane. (7 marks) Figure 5 shows a cuwed shallow sugar dish. b)Outline the procedure of carving the dish from a block of wood to the required shape. 13. a)Using labelled sketches, show the difference between an auger bit and a twist drill bit. (6 marks) b) Describe the oven dry method of determining the percentage moisture content of a piece of timber. (5 marks) c) Differentiate between film forming finishes and penetrating finishes as applied in wood work and give two examples of each. (4 marks) 14. a) Outline the procedure of marking out a piece of wood to size using a marking gauge. (7 marks) (b) Figure 6 shows a coffee stool. Calculate the cost of the stool from the given information. (8 marks) 15 (a) With the aid of a labelled sketch, show the pocket screw method of fixing table top to rais . (5 marks) (b) Figure 7 shows a paint brush. (i) Name the parts marked P, Q, R and S. Figure 7 (ii) State the function of each part. (6 marks) (c) Other than food, state and explain two favourable conditions for fungal growth in timber. (4 marks)

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 2017 Woodwork – Paper 1 Section A (40 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1 (a) State two advantages of water stains. (2 marks) (b) State two disadvantages of spirit stains. (2 marks) 2 Name three types of saws in each of the following categories: (3 marks) (a) Hand saws. (b) Curve cutting saws. 3 (a) Explain the cause of each of the following timber defects: (2 marks) (i) Heart rot (ii) Knots (b) List four types of glue used for veneering. (2 marks) 4 State four safety rules to observe when using a power drill to drill a hole in a piece of wood. (4 marks) 5 With the aid of a sketch, explain how the trueness of a try square is tested using a board and a straight edge. (4 marks) 6 With the aid of a labelled sketch, explain the ‘toenailing’ method of driving nails. (4 marks) 7 Figure 1 shows the blade of a Jack plane fitted in two different ways. Figure 1 Explain the cutting effect in both cases. (4 marks) 8 (a) State four factors which may cause closure of a business. (2 marks) (b) Sketch the following patterns of matching veneers. (2 marks) (i) Diamond (ii) Slip 9 With the aid of labelled sketches, illustrate two methods used to prevent a piece of wood from splitting at the end when drilling a hole. (4 marks) 10 Figure 2 shows a shaped block drawn in isometric projection. Sketch the three orthographic views of the block in third angle projection. (5 marks) Section B (60 marks) Answer question 11 on the A3 pal er and any other three questions from this section in the spaces provided. Candidates are advised not to spend more than 25 minutes on question 11. 11 Figure 3 shows two views of a truncated square pyramid drawn in first angle projection. Copy the given views Full Scale and draw the following: (a) Complete plan. (15 marks) (b) True shape of the cut face. (c) Development of the pyramid when opened along P-Q. 12 (a) Explain the following methods of laying veneers: (4 marks) (i) Hammer veneering (ii) Caul and press veneering (b) Outline the procedure of shooting end grains of a piece of wood 50 X 100 mm using a bench plane and bench vice only. (5 marks) (c) With the aid of sketches, describe the following timber defects: (i) Twist (ii) Bow 13 (a) Figure 4 shows boring tools labelled X and Y. (6 marks) (i) Name the tools. (ii) State one function of each of the tools in 13 (a) (i) above. (3 marks) (b) Outline the procedure of sharpening the cutting blade of a Jack plane using an oil stone. (6 marks) (c) Figure 5 shows a part of a bridle mitre joint. Outline the procedure of marking and cutting the joint. (6 marks) 14 (a) Explain the difference between the following terms, giving two examples in each case: (4 marks) (i) Public sector (ii) Private sector (b) Figure 6 shows a device used in a wood workshop. (i) Name the device. (ii) Name the parts labelled A and B. (iii) State the function of the device. (iv) State two safety precautions to observe when using the device. (c) State six safety precautions to observe when using a surface planer. 15 (a) Using pictorial sketches, show the difference between square and secret haunch tenon. (b) Figure 7 shows three views of a kitchen stool. Given the following information: Timber 250 X 25 mm — Ksh 100 @ 300 mm 50 X 50 mm — Ksh 60 @ 300 mm Nails 38 mm long — Ksh 120 @ 1 kg Sandpaper Ksh 20 @ sheet Allow 35% profit and overheads. NB/minimum timber lenth sold — 150 mm (i) Prepare a cutting list for the materials required. (ii) Calculate the cost of making the stool. (12 marks)

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Human society is said to have natural tendencies for self preservation and also for preservation of other valuables around. The practice of preservation has therefore been in existence ever since man started translating his thought into writing, what has differed has been the method. History tells us that at one stage man was engraving records on stones and metals before parchment and palm leaf come to scene. Because of the important attached to records held on such materials, scholars and other learned people developed some methods of conserving them e.g. the papyrus scroll were dried and unrolled after every season to determine whether rain had washed off the ink writing. In china where paper was first used, it was treated against insect attached by substance called huang-heih. This preserved paper for several thousands of years N/B before the Middle Ages, preservation of information materials was not really a big problem because the materials used were of very good quality and durable e.g. the parchment (skin) were treated carefully with lime to give them more durability. Also the demand of paper was low and this gave manufacturers enough time for them to produce quality paper with time however, the demand of paper increased and this led to delays in production process so as to satisfy the ever increasing demand for paper. In the 18th century the increase demand for paper led to the shortage of paper fibers to meet the demand. Poor quality fibers were therefore used which subsequently lowered the paper quality. It was at the stage that custodians of records records became conscious at the need to take action to conserve and restore damaged written documents. DEFINITION OF TERMS Conservation –the root word for conservation is said to have coined from two terms. i.e. con- for constant and servation– for serving. Therefore, conservation –is a combined process or operations carried out in information centres with an intention of prolonging the life-span of the documents. Conservation therefore, ensures that the life of documents is not diminished and that the life would outline unlimited time span. The type of conservation is based on three main principles The information materials are made up of a base upon which the information is fixed e.g. CD, tape etc. The base has impression i.e. information itself that makes the element to be called a record or document. A document created from the above has got some message in the impression. There three principles are variables as a result of changing technology in the production or creation of records i.e. the type of impression and characters of message. Conservation of information materials therefore constitutes two main aspects. Care and maintenance –of materials under good and proper condition for the sake of their upkeep. Treatment-this deals with the practice applied to those materials in which damage has already occurred. The form of treatment therefore involves practices that attempts to reverse conditions of damage documents so as to return them to their original state. Preservation-to preserve the document, one has to understand the conditions under which every document can be survive well. The word preservation therefore encompasses a wide variety of inter-related activities designed to prolong the usable life of information materials. Restoration-involves repair or rehabilitation process and it also embraces the operations or techniques or means of treating the materials in which damage has taken place. Restoration is therefore a curative measure. NEED OR REASONS FOR CONSERVATION OF INFORMATION MATERIALS. Legal/ evidential values. Some documents carry important legal information, such documents courts judgment, constitutional documents etc .they can be advanced in a court of law as evidence. Fiscal/ financial value. Some documents will be preserved because of the financial evidence they posses. Also some documents are preserved because of the financial implications involved in purchasing them. Administrative value. Some records are kept because they provide details on the origin and organization structures of a given country or organization. Cultural/educational value. These documents are used by scholars when carrying research activities on a given subject, such documents are also described having educational, research or information value. Archival value. In this group the documents that provide the records of past activities of major events in a given country or organization. In other words such documents are preserved for posterity. Economic value. With good conservation press information centers will spend less money on the repair of the documents because the rate of damage will have been minimized. Physical integrity. In some cases conservation is done so as to preserve; in this case, it will be expected that after sometimes such documents can still be produced in same appearance, as was the original. Opportunity to study. Conservation program in an information centers will provide the staff with an opportunity to study the various causes of deterioration of information to information materials in their custody. Also they will learn on the latest techniques that can be used to preserve and restore such documents. Consistency in collection growth. Without proper conservation program, the collection in information centers will always assume a negative trend i.e. items will always get diminishing trend. to avoid this there is need to have a conservation program so that any new acquisitions will add up on the existing collection.   CHAPTER 2:  NATURE OF INFORMATION MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES INTRODUCTION. To be able to provide proper conservation measures for information materials, it’s necessary to know the nature of the materials particularly the components that go into making up the materials i.e. the various constituents of the materials and their properties. Categories of information materials and their properties  Graphic materials These are documents that are written, drawn, or printed. Most of them are made from the following. Paper, skin (leather, parchment or vellum), cloth, leaves, tree barks and papayrus.bricks/clay tablets, metallic tablets-brass, copper, bronze and lead. Stone, wood. All of those have been and are being are being used to create information by different society world. To create information on those materials requires –ink and other

 Art and Design Paper 1 (442/1) 1. (a) i)(Value (1 mark) (ii) By counter balancing dark and light areas / by use of light and desk shades / by shading. (1 mark) (b) (i) low plasticity / elasticity (1 mark) (ii) By adding clay with high plasticity. (1 mark) (C) A principle of Art and Design which makes an element or object stand out in the work.(1 mark) (d) (i) Motif – a single unit / design in a pattern. (1 mark) (ii) Pattern – an arrangement / repetition of lines, shapes or colours in a design. (1 mark) (iii) Print – an image made by a printing block or other object covered with ink or it paint and then pressed on a flat surface or a stencil. (1 mark) (e) – Residual (1 mark) – Sedimentary (1 mark) (ii) Cutting, pounding and kneading clay to mix it and remove air bubbles until it has a smooth and even texture ready for use.(1 mark) (f) (i)Textural effect created by the different materials. (ii) 3-dimensional effect. One mark each 1 x 2 (2 marks) (g) (i) Variety of shapes and lines are used in both sides of the upright pole to create asymmetrical balance. (1 mark) (ii) Progressive repetition and alternation of different shapes and lines create rhythm and movement. (1 mark) (h) (i) Shape of wood in relation to the subject matter. (1 mark) (ii) Appropriate wood suitable for the carving technique. (1 mark) (I) (i) Control temperature of the wax. (ii) Safety precaution to ensure wax doesn’t catch fire. Any 1 mark = 1 mark (j) (i) Chromatic colours are those with hues e.g. red, blue, yellow etc. (1 mark) (ii) Achromatic colours are those without hues e.g. white, black, grey etc.(1 mark) 2. (a) Simulated / visual texture. (b) (i) Defines forms in the picture. (ii) Creates rhythm and movement. (iii) Enhances aesthetic appeal (beauty) (iv) Creates depth and distance / 3 D effect Each 1 mark x 4 = (4 marks) Total = 5 marks 3. (a) Waist (b) Tight tension of the wefts or loose warps. 4. 5. (a) Measure the size of the pendant to be made. (b) Cut the two pieces, one for the pendant and another small one for the loop. (c) Bend the small piece to create a loop. (d) Finish the edges of the two pieces. (e) Join the two pieces to create a loop for the wire to pass through. Each 1 mark x 5 = (5 marks) 6 SECTION C (a) Poster type – Advertisement / commercial poster. (1 mark) Function of the type of poster – Advertisement / markets the product. (1 mark) (b) Effectiveness of the poster (i) Relevance – It is relevant to the product. (ii) Legibility – text and illustrations legible. (iii) Impact – eye catching / attractive. (iv) Identifies the product – for washing. (v) Highlights the quality of the product – clear white / clean cloths (vi) Explains the product – a soap (vii) Simplicity and clearity – forms clear and simple. (viii) Advertises – martets the product. Any 4 2 x 4 = (8 marks) (c) Process (i) Transfer the image and cut the negative areas of the lino block. (ii) Cut out the negative areas. (iii) Rolling ink on a glass pane and apply onto the block by rolling. (iv) Press the block onto the surface to be printed. (v) Remove the block and leave to dry. 1 mark each 1 x 5 = (5 marks) Total = 15 marks 8 (a) Materials Different coloured clay slips / oxides.(1 mark) Tools, sharp cutting tool e. g. knife, blades, syringe / slip trailers. One mark each 1 x 2 (2 marks) (b) Process (i) Draw / plan / design the floral design. (ii) Transfer the design onto the clay article. (iii) Using a sharp tool cut (incise) and scoop out clay from parts to be in layed. (iv) Prepare coloured slip according to the design. (v) Fill the scooped areas with the slip according to the design using a syringe / slip trailer. (vi) When the in laid slip hardens scrap off any that is protruding above the surface. Two marks each 2 X 6 = 12 marks Total = 15 marks 9. (a) Technique: Screen printing(1 mark) (b) Process: (i) Draw / plan / sketch the design. (ii) Transfer the design onto a suitable paper. (m) Cut out the design to create a stencil. (iv) Attach the stencil onto the underside of the screen using masking tape. (v) Lay out the surface to be printed on a flat even surface. (vi) Place the screen on the surface to be printed. (vii) Pour ink along the far edge of the screen. (viii) Using a squeeze firmly and quickly spread the ink by pulling the squeeze to wards you maintaining a constant downward pressure. (ix) Lift up one end of the screen carefully while supporting it and remove the print. (x) Leave it to dry. One mark each 1 x 10 = (10 marks) Total = (15 marks) (c) Mounting: (i) Trim the print (ii) Cut out the mounting paper / board to size. (iii) Measure and mark the area for fixing the print. (iv) Carefully fix the print within the marked area. One mark for each 1 x 4 = (4 marks) Total = 15 marks

 Art & Design Paper 2 (447J2) ALTERNATIVE A: DRAWING PAINTING QUESTION 1 AND 2 1.INTERPRETATION (a) Relevance of subject matter to theme (b) Appropriateness of mood / atmosphere (c) Dimensions (measurements) 2.COMPOSITION (a) Appropriate use of space (b) Appropriate format (c) Use of principles(unity / rhythm / balance / dominance) (d) Creativity / imagination / originality 3.FORM / structures a)Definition of forms b) Capture of actions c)Articulation of posture and features d)Proportions in relation to each other and within forms 4.TONE / COLOUR (a) Tonal value to create volume / depth (b) Harmony/contrast 5.CRAFTMANSHIP (a) Competence in the use of media (b) Personal qualities (c) Presentation, neatness and good finish ALTERNATIVE B: GRAPHIC DESIGN QUESTION 3 AND 4 1.INTERPRETATION (i) Subject matter (ii) Correct dimensions (iii) Appropriate format (iv) Requirements: understanding of graphic design process (v) Mood / symbolism in relation to subject matter 2. COMPOSITION (i) Layout of pictorial forms / letters (ii) Rhythm unity/balance (iii) Spacing of letters, words and lines (iv) Originality / creativity / imagination 3.FORM / STRUCTURE (i) Definition of forms (pictorial / letters) (ii) Proportion of fomis (pictorial / letter) in relation to each other and whole 10 30 (iii) Appropriateness of forms / pictorial / letters to function 4.COLOUR (i) Appropriate colour (ii) Harmony/contrast 5.PROFESSIONAL SKILLS (i) Precision (ii) Neatness (iii) Presentation/finish

ART AND DESIGN (442) 5.1.1 Art & Design Paper 1 (442/1) SECTION A: (20 marks) 1.(a) (i) Material – paper (any brand of paper) / strawboard Construction technique (b) A ‘wash’ is a painting technique in which thin watery paint is applied quickly with large, sweeping brush strokes. 2 marks (c) (i) Road sign / traffic sign. 1 mark (ii) Warns drivers of “No left tum”/ commands instructs /guides/ directs drivers. 1 mark (iii) Mandatory sign/Prohibitive sign/Regulatory sign. 1 mark (d) Broken linear textual effect! intricate lines patterns. 1 mark (e) Warp faced fabric shows the warps more predominantly while the weft faced fabric shows the wefts more predominantly warp threads are dominant vertical patterns / threads; weft faced create horizontal patterns. 2 marks (f) – Describes or models a form/solidity. – Creates 3 dimensional effect. – Suggest movement. – Create illusion of depth and atmospheric effect. Any 2 x 1 2 marks (g) (i) Painting hazy/pale /dull/greyer colours in the background and clear sharp / bright colours in the foreground. l mark (ii) Painting warm colours in the foreground and cool colours in the background. l mark (h) Rhythm/movement 1 mark (i) – Design (colour, shape,texture, etc.)/ style – Size – Weight – Material – Functionl fashion trends. Any 3 x 1 3 marks 2. – Enhances the appearance of the clay. – Hardens the form. – Makes the clay more durable. – Makes it porous. Any 2 x 1 2 marks SECTION B: (25 marks) Tjap is a metal block with patterns incised on it used for printing with liquid wax. It is dipped into the wax and then stamped on the surface. Tjanting is a tool with a copper bowl (reservoir) and a spout used for drawing with wax on a fabric to create patterns/intricate lines. 2 marks Applying fixative to the dye prevents colours from fading/makes colours fast. l mark – To prevent wax from heating too fast as it can catch fire – To retain the heat of the wax. – To reduce evaporation of the wax. – Safety precaution from splattering hot wax. Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks 3.- Logo 1 mark – Contact address (box no.,website,telephone,physical address) l mark – Name of the company. 1 mark – Slogan/motto. 1 mark – An official communication too] that authenticates an organisation! legitimises an organisation. l mark – Identifies the company organisation. 1 mark 4 .Outstretched hand – 2 marks In profile – 2 marks Accuracy. – 1 mark Total 5 marks 5.(a) Twinning weave. 1 mark (b) To fasten the woven edges to the edges of the loom so as to create a straight selvedge and avoid waisting. 2 marks (c) (i) Pushing down the weft threads after every row with a comb/beater. (ii) Pulling down the weft threads firmly at the end of every row to maintain even tension (ii) Crowding the warp threads so that there are no big spaces between them. _ Any 2 x 1 mark each 2 marks Total (5 marks) 6.(a) Appropriateness of letter style to the message/content. (b) Uniformity of letter construction. (c) Consistency of letter formation. (d) Spacing between letters, words and lines. (e) Harmony and suitability of lettering to the total design. (f) Letters should be simple and legible. Any 5xl mark each 5 marks SECTION C: (15 marks) 7.Lines:-   Lines outline the forms and forms within the forms;  Lines distinguish the various forms and spatial levels;  Lines distributed all over the composition gives it an overall linear nature.3 marks Forms:-   Forms are simplified (outlined)  Forms are flat  Forms create pattern.3 marks Pattem:-   Patterms are formed by outlines, shapes and silhouettes;  Crazed/crackled details of the forms;  The distribution of light, dark and grey shapes create patterns3 marks Depth:-   Created by overlaps  Distribution of forms in different levels  Different sizes of forms at different levels create depth.3 marks Mood:-   The animals are alert as if there is looming danger;  Time seems to be mid-morning or late afternoon;  Fright, anxiety, scare. 3 marksTotal 15 marks 164 8.Slab method. 1 mark Making/rolling a slab. 1 mark Procedure/process Make a sketch on the form. Knead/wedge the clay to make it malleable or workable. Prepare an absorbent fiat surface using plaster or paris or grog. Place batons/yardsticks on either side for ensuring even thickness of the slab. Using a rolling pin, flatten the clay into a slab. Measure and mark the slabs according to the required sizes and shapes. Cut the slabs. Score (scratch) along each edge of the slabs using a sharp tool. Apply slip/slurry on the scored edges. Join the slabs starting from the base appropriately to build up the form. Using a palette knife/spatulalbrush, press and work the edges of the slab to join. Wet a sponge and use it to rid the clay form off excess slip. Leave it to dry in a cool place. l mark each x 13 13 marks Total 15 marks 9. i)It is the preparation and execution of a design solution. l mark Brief (getting information from a client) The client and the designer meet to discuss the specifications of the design problem. Namely:-   Theme/topic/subject matter of the purpose for which the design is required.  The target audience.  Time frame/ schedule.  Materials and techniques.  Budget.5 x 1 mark each 5 marks ii)Research (Gathering and studying all the related material. Thinking and experimenting).   The designer collects relevant data in various aspects of the theme and the required design.This involves:-   Discussions and interviews with relevant people 1 mark  Observations and analysis of existing and related designs (visual research) 1 mark  Study design manuals/amiuals and periodicals. l markiii)Layout/composition (exploring alternative solutions)   Arrangement of visual elements (typo, letteringjllustrations etc.)  Making of preliminary sketchesl determining or selection of design components.  Refinement Final artwork .  Open work to critique.  Making alterations, adjustments and corrections in consultation with experts, professionals , marketers and fellow artists.  Finals sketches should be polished and cleaned and exact copy of the design

Art & Design Paper 2 (442/2) ALTERNATIVE A: DRAWING/PAINTING QUESTIONS 1 & 2 1 . INTERPRETATION (i) Relevance of subject matter to theme 08 (ii) Appropriatness of mood/atmosphere 04 (ii) Correct dimensions (measurements) 02 (14 marks) 2. COMPOSITION (i) Appropriate use of space 04 (ii) Appropriate format 02 (iii) Unity/rhythm/balance 08 (iv) Originality/creativity/imagination/ 08 (v) Close-up/focal point (Dominance) 08 (30 marks) 3. FORM/ STRUCTURE (i) Definition of forms 08 (ii) Capture of actions/mood 08 (iii) Articulation of posture and features 06 (iv) Proportions of forms in relation to each other and whole 06 (v) Texture/pattern 06 (32 marks) 4. TONE/COLOUR (i) Tonal value to create volume/depth 06 (ii) Harmony/contrast 04 (iii) Competency in use of media (workmanship) 04 (iv) Appropriateness to subject matter 02 (20 marks) 5. PRESENTATION (i) Neatness 02 (ii) Appropriate finish 14 (4 marks) TOTAL 100 MARKS ALTERNATIVE B: GRAPHIC DESIGN QUESTIONS 3 & 4 1. INTERPRETATION (i) Subject matter: Requirements: correct information- contents of letterhead/envelope/poster/logo 08 (ii) Correct dimensions 02 (iii) Appropriate format 02 (iv) Mood/symbolism in relation to subject matter 04 (16 marks) 2. COMPOSITION (i) Layout of pictorial forms/letters 08 (ii) Spacing of letters, Words and lines 10 (iii) Originality/creativity/imagination 10 (iv) Rhythm/unity/balance 04 (32 marks) 3. FORM/ STRUCTURE (i) Definition of forms (pictorial/letters)12 (ii) Proportion of forms (pictorial/letters) 10 in relation to each other and Whole (iii) Appropriateness of forms/(pictorial/letters to function. 08 (30 marks) 4. COLOUR (i) Appropriate colour 06 (ii) Harmony/contrast 06 (12 marks) 5. PROFESSIONAL SKILLS (i) Precision 06 (ii) Neatness 02 (m) Presentation/finish 02 (10 marks) TOTAL 100 MARKS  

Art & Design Paper 1 (442/1) SECTION A (20 marks) 1. (a)Texture and line. 2 marks Rhythm/movement 1 mark 3 marks (b)A hanging ornamental object suspended from a necklace or earring. 2 marks (c)(i) To enhance the aesthetic value of the fabric. (ii) Acts as a symbol/ identity of status role. (iii) To add economic value to the fabric. (iv) Communication through pictorial symbols/colour and words. Any two, 1 mark each = 2 marks (d)Human figure drawing is the depiction of a human form, Whereas portraiture is a close study / rendition of the characteristics of a specific person from the head to torso/ shoulder. 2 marks (e)(i) To create textural effect. (ii) To define form. (ii) Ti create three dimensional effect. Any two points 1 mark each. 2 marks (f)Block printing / Relief printing (wood block/linoleum). 1 mark (g) (i) Coating a surface/canvas/fabric with undercoat or primer in preparation for painting. 1 mark (ii) Function: ‘ To reduce absorption. ‘ To stabilize the painting surface/make it stiff or firm/isolates the support (canvas) from damaging ingredients in the paint hence preventing disintegration of the canvas. ‘ Provides a smooth surface that accepts the paint, letting the paint brush flow better thus adequate adhesion. Any 1 x 1 : 1 mark (h)Eco environment recycle symbol. 1 mark Function: – Re-use/recycle materials. – To create awareness on proper use of the environment. Any 1 x 1=1 mark (i) – Hue is another name for colour, used to differentiate one colour from another/it’s the attribute of a colour by virtue of Which it is discernible as red, green, blue etc. – Pigment is a natural colouring matter, a powder which is mixed with a solvent (binder) to make paint. 2 marks (j) Type face: Roman letter. Part labelled X is Serif. 2 marks SECTION B (25 marks) 2 – Stippling technique 1 mark – Three dimensional effect. 1 mark – Scales 1 mark – Fins 1 mark Total 4 marks 3. 6 marks 4. (a) Incising: Carving/cutting grooves/shapes slightly to create patterns. (b) Slip trailing: Application of coloured slip onto an object, then scratch to create designs, (c) Inlaying: To set decorative pieces on clay into a clay surface to make a design that is usually level with the surface. (d) Excising: cut out/through patterns/designs. (e) Sgraffito: Scratch the design on the surface and then apply coloured slip. 5 marks 5. 6. (i) Interpretation – Calligraphic characteristics. – Creativity and aesthetics. 2 marks Interpretation (inverse) 2 marks Repeat pattern 2 marks Execution 1 mark (ii) Legibility and readability of letters: – Uniformity of letters. – Spacing between letters, words and lines Total 5 marks SECTION C (15 marks) 7. (a) (i) Armature: a sculpture framework for supporting the clay or other plastic material in modelling. 2 marks (ii) Made using thin wire. 1 mark 3 marks (b) (b) Process of making a form in “papier mache”. (i)Collect the required materials, tools and equipment. (ii)Cut /tear/shred the paper into small pieces. (ii)Soak in water and leave it to soften and set for at least 3 days. (iii)Drain the water and add glue or cold water paste. (iv)Pound into a homogenous pulp/state. (v)Apply the pulp in small amounts on to the structure until the entire form is covered. (vi)Keep building up the form until the desired form/shape is achieved. (viii)Add details to define the form/shape. (iX)Refine the details/structure. (X)Leave to dry under shade and ensure that it is completely dry. (Xi)Apply the desired colour and leave to dry. (Xii)Apply finish: clear vanish and leave to dry. Each step 1 x 12 = 12 marks 8. (a)A badge is an identification symbol worn to show membership to a group/organization/ institution, society/rank/position/status/achievement. 1 mark (b) Components of a badge: (i)Shield: Main body/overall form/layout of a badge on which the components are arranged/attached (usually oval/round/circular etc). (ii)Identification symbol: Contains the name and pictorial representation of the institution/rank/status etc. (iii)Ribbon/wreath: A decorative or beautifully designed section of the badge which bears the motto. (iv)Motto : A short phrase stating the core values, aspirations or beliefs of an institution. Stating = 1 mark Explanation 2 x 4 = 8 marks (c) Colour function in a badge: (i) Aesthetic appeal. (ii) Identification. (iii) A symbolic value of what the institution stands for or supports the motto. Any 2 x 1 : 2 marks 9. (a) Waisting is a defect in a woven article caused by uneven tension of yarn ie. loose warps or tight wefts. (b) Four ways of achieving firmness of yarn. (i) Using thick yarn instead of thin yarn. (ii) Firmly tying the warp threads to avoid sagging. (m) Allowing minimum spacing between the warps. (iv) Using plain weave after each row of ghiordes knots. (v) Pulling the weft threads firmly at the end of each woven line. (vi) Beating down firmly the weft threads after every row. Any 4 x 2 marks each = 8 marks (c) Three main ways of finishing a woven mat. (i) Knotting the warps/fringes. (ii) Sewing the warps/overcasting/binding. (m) Hemming warps/folding and hemming down. 1 x 3 = 3 marks

Introduction Definition Mail These are letters; packages that are send or delivered by means or postal system Courier services – is fast, door to door local or international pickup and delivery service for high value goods or urgently required documents. Courier – it is a person or company which delivers massages package /parcels Mail services – are official means of sending or delivering letters.  IMPORTANCE OF MAIL AND COURIER SERVICES They are convenient means of delivering bulky items It is faster means of delivering luggage (parcel) It saves time for users in delivering parcel or mails. They are safe means of delivering parcels. This is because they are official or recognized agents of transporting and delivery mails and parcels. In fact most of them are in position of compensating for an item lost. They are cheaper means when it comes to delivery of parcels and mails at the long run. It is convenient when it comes to delivery service. This is because they are widespread in their coverage they are located at the door step.  TYPES OF MAIL AND COURIER SERVICES  There are two types of mail and courier services: Registered Unregistered  Registered mail is a mail whose sending is acknowledged by the issuing of official receipt. Advantage of registered mails They safe since the delivery commit itself by issue of official receipt. They are fast in delivery They are convenient because at times they are delivered at the door step/ recipient is notified about their arrival The recipient is about know the sender (sources of delivery) They save time  Disadvantage of registered mails Expensive to send They are limited to specific area. All times their delivery is pegged for recipient come for them. Unregistered Mails are mail which is sent through the count once a stamp have been purchased and fixed on it. They are normally deposited in the mail box to be delivered to their destinations thereafter. The sender doesn’t have a proof of sending and only depends on the good will of delivering agents. In most cases they are normally transported at the owner risk.  Advantages of unregistered/ordinary mails      They are cheap Their delivery is widespread They can be used by anybody/ unrestricted  Disadvantages Delay in delivery Their security is not guaranteed There is possibility of being delivered to a wrong destination  TOPIC 2    MAIL AND COURIER OPERATION They must official document to indicate their status alternatively they must be unpacked / see before they are packaged for delivery. Material carried must be in appropriately marked and sealed containers They must have courier letters attached for the recipient to acknowledge the delivery by singing. They must bear a unique serial number/stamp before being delivered These agents must operate within certain hours and within define locations The parcels must never be opened once packed for delivery They must have official receipts MAIL PROCESSING Once received mail must be prepared to be dispatched (sent) to various destinations. The following steps are used when it comes to processing the mails: Phasing/sizing: This is the grouping of mails according to their sizes e.g. large, medium, small. Stamp cancelations: This is the stamping of stamp fixed in each mail. This is done in order to indicate the origin of the mails and date dispatch. Sorting: This is grouping of mail as per their destination. This is done based on geographical region. Binding per destination: This is grouping of mails depending on where they are to be sent or delivered. Tying the mail bags: This entails placing the mails in special bags in order for them to be delivered to their destination. Dispatches of mail to their intended destination  Mail Storage is a type or self-storage where by customers sent items by mail or delivery service usually by the box to be stored at a central location. It may be a squabble option for people who prefer pay as you-go storage in which only items that are stored are charged storage fees rather than renting a larger storage unit that may not be fully utilize  Overview Mail storage may not be viable or coast effective for those wanting to sore a whole house full of belongs. It is generally an option of those who want to decanter of time. Mail storage differs from tradition self-storage. In a number of key ways: Mail storage allows customers to order boxes online or over the phones Customers pack their boxes in their offices or home and these are then collected by the storage companies Customers pay a monthly fee per box that may store with the mail storage company. Some companies have minimum number of boxes required to utilize the services Tubes, CD mailers, wine boxes Tape, bubble wrap liners  MAIL DELIVERY AND DISTRIBUTION As a legal administration assistant you may be required to process the incoming mail. As the most of the mail received by legal office will relate to matters that are currently open, it is important that the mail is processed promptly and distributed to the current personnel. Incoming mails should always be processed by following. Your firm’s policies and procedures. In order to process and distribute and incoming mail appropriately you need to be aware of the following points: Receiving mail. Checking and registering incoming mails Sorting and distributing incoming mails Handling specific types of incoming mails Dealing with damaged, suspicious and missing items correctly  Receiving mail Mail can arrive in a variety of ways including: Mail delivered by Australian post. Mail delivered by the Australian Document Exchange (known as Aurdo or Dic) Mail delivered by courier Mail that is faxed Mail that is sent by e-mail Mail that is hand delivered  Mail Delivered By Australian Post Some of the mail your firm receives will be delivered morning by Australian post. On occasions legal documents will be delivered using an Australia post, special delivery services, such as registered post. Register post provide an added level of security through a unique identification number of each item and the need for the

KCSE Past Papers 2017 Art and Design Paper 2 ALTERNATIVE A: DRAWING/PAINTING QUESTION 1 AND 2 1. INTERPRETATION MARKS (i) Relevance of subject matter to theme [Bicycle ride/ 2 Elephants bath] (ii) Appropriateness of mood/atmosphere (Wobbling ride/whirling in muddy water, splashing water, Facial expression etc.) (iii) Correct dimensions (measurements)/format 2. COMPOSITION (i) Appropriate use of space (ii) Use of principles (unity/rhythm/balance) (iii) Creativity/ Imagination/ Originality (iv) Close-up/focal point 3. FORM/STRUCTURE Definition of forms (ii) Capture of action (iii) Articulation of posture, features & objects (iv) Proportions of forms in relation to each other and Whole (v) Texture/pattern 4. TONE/COLOUR (i) Tonal value to create volume/depth (ii) Harmony/contrast (i) Competency in the use of media(workmanship) PRESENTATION (i) Neatness/finish TOTAL 100 MARKS SECTION B: GRAPHIC DESIGN QUESTION 3 AND 4 1. INTERPRETATION MARKS (i) Subject matter: requirements, correct information Contents — [Carrier bae”, compliment slip2m, Branded DVD Case?”‘, Personalized card] (ii) Correct dimensions (iii) Appropriate format (iv) Understanding of graphic design process 2. COMPOSITION (i) Layout of pictorial forms/letters (ii) Spacing of letters, words and lines (iii) Originality/creativity/imagination (iv) Rhythm/unity/balance FORM/STRUCTURE (1) Definition of forms (pictorialsm /letterssm) (ii) Proportion of forms (pictorialsm /letters 5m) in relation to each other and whole. (iii) Appropriateness of forms/ (pictorial/letters to function. COLOUR (i) Appropriate colour (ii) Harmony/contrast WORKMANSHIP (I) Precision 4m/ neatness/ finish’ – TOTAL 100 MARKS

2017 Art and Design paper 1 SECTION A (20 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1. (a) Study the artwork below (i) Identify the most prominent element used in the artwork. ( I mark) – a line (ii) State two uses of the element mentioned in (i) above. (1 mark) • Line control a viewer’s eye. • It describe edges/ shapes/define form. • It indicates form as well as movement; • indicate value and a light source in drawing, • Lines can be used to represent objects themselves. • Moods, feelings and emotions • Create illusion of depth (b) (i) Outline two functions of traffic signs. (2 marks) • Control the flow of traffic, • Warn motorists of hazards ahead, • Guide to destination, and inform of roadway services. (ii) Traffic signs are colour coded to guide road users; explain the meaning of each of the following colours as used in the signs: Blue;• – motorist service (e.g., gas station, food, hotels) brown. – recreational, historic, or scenic site. (2 marks) (c) Describe stippling as a process in art. (1 mark) • It is the creation of a pattern simulating varying degrees of solidity or shading by using small dots in drawing, painting, and engraving, • a technique that practices marking a surface with numerous small dots or specks (d) Define a thumbnail in art and state its role. (2 marks) It’s a tiny quick sketch drawn on paper/ preliminary design used to explore ideas quickly, quick sketches allowing rapid idea iteration. OR It is a small image representation of a larger image used in graphic design • Role; It aids in planning an overall layout or composition allowing rapid idea iteration. (e) Describe the term prototype as applied in design. (2 marks) – Is a “hand-built” model/ rudimentary working model of a product that represents a manufactured (easily replicable) product sufficiently for designers to visualize and test the design. (f) Outline the symbolic meaning of the following colours; (i) Black. (1 mark) – symbolizes power, elegance, formality, death, evil, and mystery. Black is a mysterious colour associated with fear and the unknown. It usually has a negative connotation. (ii) Grey. (1 mark)– Grey stands for Humility. It is a cool, neutral, and balanced colour. The colour grey is an emotionless, moody colour that is typically associated with meanings of dull, dirty, and dingy, as well as formal, conservative, and sophisticated. The colour grey is a timeless and practical colour that is often associated with loss or depression. (iii) Red. (1 mark) – The colour of blood and fire, is associated with meanings of love, passion, heat, sensitivity, romance, joy, strength, leadership, courage, rage, anger, danger, and stress. (g) What is a colossal statue? (2 marks) – Is a 3-D statue of immense size, gigantic, huge or twice life size (h) Identify two techniques that were used to decorate the pottery article below. (2 marks) – Burnishing and incising (i) Name the tool that is used in jewellery making to secure a clasp on one end of a beading wire. (1 mark) – crimping pliers (j) State the function of a beater in weaving. (1 mark) – Tool used to push the weft yam securely in place, compact and push weft threads, align weft threads SECTION B (25 marks) Answer all the questions from this section in the spaces provided. 2. In the space provided below make a quick sketch of a torn sports shoe. (5 marks) – Torn sports shoe 2 marks Proportion 2 marks Execution 3. (a) What is corporate identity? (1 mark) – It is a collection of visual elements used in various applications to promote the image of an organization. Combination of color schemes, designs, words, etc., that a firm employs to make a visual statement about itself and to communicate its business philosophy. It is an enduring symbol of how a firm views itself, how it wishes to be viewed by others, and how others recognize and remember it. (b) List and analyse four basic corporate identity elements. (4 marks) – Four basic corporate identity elements; (i) Company name; (ii) Logo: graphical original mark that presents and identifies the company or its products (iii) Corporate colour; set of constant colours that are part of a company’s identity so that they will cause a persistent association with company field or direction (iv) Letterhead; face of a company/ a sheet of paper with a printed heading stating a organization’s name, address, logo/ corporate design. (v) Business card; piece of contact information of a company representative. (vi) Designed envelope; for corresponding, transferring official . 4. (a) (i) Name the intaglio printmaking process that is used to create tonal prints. (1 mark) – Aquatint (ii) Describe the intaglio printing technique. (2 marks) – Method of printing where ink is forced into incised lines v’m or recessions on a plate, the surface wiped clean, dampened paper lm placed on top and the paper and plate are run through an etching press”’ to transfer the ink to the paper (b) Write the word APEX as it would appear in a linoleum block for printing. (2 marks) – Proper lettering Correct placement of letters/ mirror image/inverse 5. (a) (i) What is balance? (1 mark) It is a principle of design that refers to the arrangement of elements in a work of art. (ii) Type of balance portrayed is asymmetrical – Asymmetrical balance, also called informal balance % “1. It involves placement of objects in a way that will allow objects of varying visual weight to balance one another around a fulcrum point the two sides are not identical %°, but differ from one another. However, the elements are arranged so that there is a sense of balance. (ii) Identify and describe the type of balance portrayed in the artwork below. (2 marks) (b) Explain the importance of a view finder in art. (2 marks) – It helps to isolate/block a view of a part pf scene that the