September 21, 2022

3.5.2 Physics Paper 2 (232/2) SECTION A (25 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1. Figure 1 shows two parallel rays from a distant object passing through a convex lens: (a) Indicate on the diagram, the position of the principal focus of the lens. (1 mark) (b) Determine the focal length of the lens. (1 mark) 2. State the effect of decreasing the distance between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor on the capacitance. (1 mark) 3. Figure 2 shows circular waves originating from the principal focus F of a concave mirror and moving towards the mirror. Complete the diagram to show the reflected waves. (1 mark) 4. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is 4.0 >< l0“ Hz. Determine its wavelength. (take speed oflighz as 3.0 >< I08ms” ). (3 marks) 5. Figure 3 shows a nail on which a wire is to be wound to make an electromagnet. By drawing, show how the wire should be wound around the nail so that end A becomes a north pole and end B a south pole. (1 mark) 6. It is observed that when the cap of an uncharged electroscope is irradiated with light of high frequency, the leaf of the electroscope rises. Explain this observation. (3 marks) 7. Figure 4 shows the magnetic field pattern around two bar magnets placed side by side. Indicate on the diagram the poles of each magnet. (1 mark) 8. Figure 5 shows a graph of current against voltage for a semiconductor diode. In the space provided, draw a circuit diagram that may be used to obtain values needed to draw the graph in figure 5. (3 marks) 9. Radium undergoes radioactive decay by emitting an alpha particle to form a daughter nuclide Q as in the reaction:   Determine the values of: (a) x …………………………………….. .. (1 mark) (b) y …………………………………….. .. (1 mark) 10. State two uses of a charged gold leaf electroscope. (2 marks) 11. The anode of an x-ray tube becomes hot when the tube is in use. State the reason for this. (1 mark) 12. Draw a ray diagram to show how a ray of light may be totally internally reflected two times in an isosceles right – angled glass prism. (Assume that the critical angle of glass is 42”) (2 marks) 13. The current of electrons hitting the screen of a cathode ray oscilloscope is 2.0 X 10 “ A . Determine the number of electrons that strike the screen each second. (take charge qfun electron as 1.6 >< 107” C). (3 marks) SECTION B (55 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 14 (a) Figure 6 shows a simple electric bell circuit. (i) Name the parts labelled: (I) D(1 mark) (II) E(1 mark) (ii) When the switch is closed, the hammer hits the gong repeatedly. Explain why: (I) the hammer hits the gong.(2 marks) (II) the hammer hits the gong repeatedly. (3 marks) (b) An electric bulb is rated 60 W, 240 V. Determine: (i) the current that flows through it when it is connected to a 240 V supply.(3 marks) (ii) the resistance of the bulb.(3 marks) 15 (a) One of the causes of energy loss in a transformer is heating in the coils when current flows. State: (i) the reason Why the current causes heating. (1 mark) (ii) how the heating can be minimized. (1 mark) The input voltage of a transformer is 240 V and its output is l2 V. When an 80 W bulb is connected across the secondary coil, the current in the primary coil is 0.36 A. Determine: (i) the ratio of the transformer, (where Np is the number of turns in the primary coil and Ns is the number of turns in the secondary coil) (3 marks) (ii) the power input of the transformer. (3 marks) (iii) the power output of the transformer. (1 mark) (iv) the efficiency of the transformer. (2 marks) 16. Figure 7 shows resistors R I and R2 connected in parallel. Their ends are connected to a battery of potential difference V volts. (i) In terms of V1, RI and R2, write an expression for: (I) current l1 through R1. (1 mark) (II) current I2 through R2; (1 mark) (III) total current l in the circuit. (1 mark) (ii) Show that the total resistance (3 marks) (b) Figure 8 shows a negatively charged rod placed near an uncharged conductor resting on an insulating support. (i) Show the charge distribution on the conductor. (2 marks) (ii) State the effect: (i) of momentarily touching the conductor with a finger while the charged rod is still near the conductor. (1 mark) (ii) on the charge distribution of withdrawing the negatively charged rod after momentarily touching the conductor. (1 mark) (iii) In the space provided, sketch a diagram to show how the charge in ii (II) would have been distributed if the conductor was a sphere. (1 mark) 17. (a)Figure 9 shows two speakers S1 and S2 which produce sound of the same frequency. They are placed equidistant from a line AB and a line PQ. (PQ is perpendicular to line AB). (i) A student walking from A to B hears alternating loud and soft sounds. Explain why at some point the sound heard is soft. (2 marks) (ii) The student now Walks along line PQ. State with reason the nature of the sound the student hears. (3 marks) (b) Figure 10 shows sound waves in air produced by a vibrating tuning fork. R is an air molecule on the path of the waves. (i) Using a line, indicate on the diagram a distance d equal to one wavelength of the wave. (1 mark) (ii) In the space provided, show with an arrow the direction of motion of the air molecule R as the waves pass. (1 mark) (iii) Explain the reason for the answer in (ii). (2 marks) 18 Figure 11 shows an object placed 10 cm in front of a concave mirror whose radius of curvature is 40 cm. (a) (i) On the same figure, draw a ray diagram to show the position of the image formed. (3

3.5 PHYSICS (232) 3.5.1 Physics Paper 1 (232/1) SECTION A: (25 marks) Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1 A student measured the length of a wire four times using a metre rule and obtained the following readings: 18.6 cm; 18.5 cm; 18.6 cm and 18.5 cm. Determine the length the student should record. (2 marks) 2 Figure 1 shows a magnified scale of a micrometer screw gauge.’ Record the reading indicated. (1 mark) 3 State the reason why it is not correct to quote the weight of solid objects in kilograms. (1 mark) 4 Figure 2 shows a section of a curved surface ABCD. Point A is higher than point B while BCD is horizontal. Part ABC is smooth while CD is rough. A mass m is released from rest at A and moves towards D. State the changes in the velocity of m between: (a) B and C; (1 mark) (b) C and D. (1 mark) 5. Figure 3 shows two cylinders of different cross-sectional areas connected with a tube. The cylinders contain an incompressible fluid and are fitted with pistons of cross-sectional areas 4 cm2 and 24 cm2. Opposing forces P and Q are applied to the pistons such that the pistons do not move. if the pressure on the smaller piston is 5 N cm’. Determine force Q. (2 marks) 6. An oil drop of volume V m’ introduced on the surface of water spreads to form a patch whose area is A ml. Derive an expression for obtaining the diameter, d of a molecule of oil. (2 marks) 7. Figure 4 shows a source of heat placed at equal distances from two identical flasks X and Y containing air. The surface of X is painted black while Y 1S clear. X and Y are linked by a U-tube filled with water whose levels S and T are initially the same. It is later observed that S falls while T rises. Explain this observation. (2 mark) 8. Figure 5 shows a uniform rod 4 m long and of mass 2 kg. It is pivoted 1 m from one end and balanced horizontally by a string attached near the other end. Determine the position where a mass of 5 kg should be placed on the rod so that the rod remains horizontal and the tension in the string is Zero. (3 marks) 9. Figure 6 shows two identical rods JK and LK connected with a hinge at K. imageeee The position of the centre of gravity for the system is at P. The arrangement is now adjusted so that J and L move equal distances towards O. Sketch the new arrangement on the same diagram and mark the new position of the centre of gravity. (2 marks) 10. A light spiral spring extends by 4 mm when loaded with a weight W. The spring is connected in series with an identical spring. The combination is loaded with the weight W. Determine the extension of the combination. (2 marks) 11. Figure 7 shows an incompressible fluid flowing through a pipe, AI and AZ are the cross-sectional areas of the pipes in the larger section and smaller section of the pipe respectively, while V1 and V2 are speeds of the fluid at the two sections of the pipe. Derive an expression for the ratio of the speeds % in terms of AI and A2. (2 marks) 12 On the axis provided, sketch the graph which shows the relationship between volume and temperature of a fixed mass of water in the temperature range 0°C to 10°C. (1 mark) 13 Figure 8 shows a graph of the variation of temperature with time for a pure substance heated at a constant rate. Assuming that heat transfer to the surroundings is negligible, state the changes observed on the substance in region: (a) BC; (1 mark) (b) DE. (1 marks) 14 In a smoke cell experiment to demonstrate Brownian motion, smoke particles are seen moving randomly. State the cause of the randomness. (1 mark) SECTION B: (55 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 15 Figure 9 shows a velocity-time graph for the motion of a body of mass 2 kg. (a) Use the graph to determine the:(3 marks) (i) displacement of the body after 8 seconds.(3 marks) (ii) acceleration after point B;(3 marks) (iii) force acting on the body in part (a) (ii).(2 marks) (b) Sketch a displacement-time graph for the motion from point A to C. 16 Figure 10 shows a trolley of weight 20 N pulled by a force of 4 N from the bottom to the top of an inclined plane at a uniform speed. (a) (i) State the value of the force acting downwards along the inclined plane.(1 mark) (ii) Explain how the value in pan (a) (i) is obtained.(2 marks) (b) For the system, determine the: (i) mechanical advantage; (3 marks) (ii) velocity ratio; (3 marks) (iii) efficiency. (2 marks) 17 (a) A long horizontal capillary tube of uniform bore sealed at one end contains dry air trapped by a drop of mercury. The length of the air column is 142 mm at l7°C. Determine the length of the air column at 25°C. (3 marks) (b) The pressure of the air inside a car tyre increases if the car stands out in the sun for some time on a hot day. Explain the pressure increase in terms of the kinetic theory of gases. (3 marks) (c) In an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of vapourization of water, steam of mass 10 g at 100°C is passed into 100 g of Water initially at 20°C in a container of negligible heat capacity. The temperature of the Water rises to 70°C. (Take the specific heat capacity of water as 4.2 >< 10“ J kg” K” and the boiling point of water as 100°C) (i) Determine the specific latent heat of vaporization of water. (4 marks) (ii) State two sources of error in this experiment. (2 mark) 18 (a) When a bus goes round a bend on a flat road, it experiences a centripetal force. State what provides the centripetal force. (1 mark) (b) State the purpose of banking roads at bends. (1 mark) (c) A student Whirls a stone of mass 0.2 kg tied to a string of length 0.4 m in a vertical plane at a constant speed of 2 revolutions per second. (Take acceleration

PHYSICS (PRACTICAL) Paper 3 Question one You are provided with the following: – a micrometer screw gauge (to be shared) – a Vernier calliper (to be shared) – glass tube — a wire labelled M – some sellotape – one 50 g mass – some masses (totalling 40 g) – a meter rule – 100 ml beaker – a stand boss and clamp – a stop watch – a source of light – a screen – some water – a measuring cylinder PART A Proceed as follows: (a) Using a micrometer screw gauge, measure and record the diameter of the wire labelled M(1 mark) d= ……………………….. ..mm d=. ………………………. ..m. (b) Using wire M, make a spring as follows: (i) Use some sellotape to fix one end of the wire M (about 2 5 cm) along the glass tube (ii) Hold firmly the part of the wire under the tape with one hand Use the other hand to wind 30 turns as closely and tightly as possible (see figure 1) (c) Remove the sellotape and release the spring from the tube. (The spring will slightly unwind and some turns will disappear) Bend the free ends as shown in figure 2. (d) Using a venier callipers, measure and record the external diameter D of the spring. (1 mark) D: ……………………….. ..cm D= ……………………….. ..m. (e) Suspend the spring and a 50 g mass from a retort stand as shown in figure 3. Count and record the number of turns N of the suspended spring. ( l mark) N= ……….. (f) Add 40 g to the 50 g mass and record the extension X of the spring due to the 40 g. (1 mark) X = ……………………….. .. cm X = ……………………….. .. m (g) Determine c given that (1 mark) (h) Determine n given that (2 marks) (i) With the spring still loaded with the 90 g, pull the lower mass slightly downwards and let go so that the mass oscillates vertically. Record the time t for 20 oscillations. Hence determine the period T. t = (s) (1 mark) T= …. (s) (1 mark) (j) Determine Z given that   where m is the mass in kg on the spring. (2 marks) PART B Proceed as follows: (k) Place the 100 ml beaker on a meter rule and pour 80 cm3 of Water into it. Arrange a lamp (source of light) and a screen on either side of the beaker. (see figure 4 ) (l) Adjust the position of the lamp on the metre rule so that its centre is a distance u = l2 cm from the beaker. Switch on the light. Adjust the position of the screen until a well focused vertical line (the image of filament) is formed on the screen. Measure and record in table 1 the image distance V between the screen and the beaker. (m) Repeat part (1) for other values of u shown in table 1 and complete the table.(4 marks) (n) Determine m, the mean value of y using the values in table 1. (l mark) m = . ……………. (0) (i) With the meter rule outside the beaker, measure the height h of the water meniscus above the bench. (1 mark) h= ….. (ii) Determine the value of P given that (1 mark) (iii) Hence determine the value of f given that to one decimal place.(2 marks) Question two You are provided with the following: – an ammeter – a voltmeter – two cells (size D) – a cell holder – a switch – a wire labelled L mounted on a millimetre scale – a micrometer screw gauge (to be shared) – six connecting wires at least four with crocodile clips Proceed as follows: (a) Using a micrometer screw gauge, measure and record the diameter d of the wire L. d= ………mm d= ……… (b) Place the two cells in series in the cell holder and use the voltmeter to measure the total electromotive force (emf) of the battery. (1 mark) (c) Starting with the switch open, connect the circuit as shown in figure 5. P and Q are points on the wire L such that PQ is 60 cm. (PQ should remain 60 cm throughout the experiment) N is a point on the wire such that PN is 10 cm (0.1 m). (d) (i) Close the switch and record the current I. (1 mark) (ii) Measure and record in table 2 the potential difference across PN. Measure and record the potential difference across PN for the other values of PN shown in table 2 and complete the table. (The current is expected to remain constant) Hint: The switch should be closed only when reading the voltmeter. (f) From the graph, determine: (i) the slope S and its units. (3 marks) (ii) the constant k and its units given that (3 marks)   (g) Determine constant t given that  

PHYSICS Paper 2 SECTION A: (25 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1 Figure 1 shows three minors arranged at right angles to each other. A ray of light is incident on one of the mirrors. Complete the diagram to show the path of the ray after reflection on each of the mirrors. (3 marks) 2 It is observed that when a charged body is brought near the cap of a positively charged electroscope, the divergence of the leaf increases. State the type of charge on the body. (1 mark) 3 State the reason for topping up a lead – acid accumulator with distilled water. (1 mark) 4 Figure 2 shows a soft iron bar AB placed in a coil near a freely suspended magnet. Explain the observation made when the switch is closed. (2 marks) 5 State the reason why a convex mirror is preferred over a plane mirror for use as a driving mirror. (1 mark) 6 State two ways in which the strength of an electromagnet can be increased. (2 marks) 7 State two differences between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves. (2 marks) 8 Figure 3 shows straight waves incident on a diverging lens placed in a ripple tank to reduce its depth. Complete the diagram to show the waves in both the shallow region and beyond the lens. (2 marks) 9 A ship in an ocean sends out an ultra sound whose echo is received after 3 seconds. If the wavelength of the ultra sound in water is 7.5 cm, and the frequency of the transmitter is 20 kHz, determine the depth of the ocean. (3 marks) 10 A nail at the bottom of a beaker containing glycerine appears to be 6.8 cm below the surface of glycerine. Determine the height of the column of glycerine in the beaker. (take the refractive index of glycerine as 1.47) (3 marks) 11 State one application of thermionic emission. (1 mark) 12 Figure 4 shows a cathode ray entering into a region between two charged plates. Complete the diagram to show the path of the ray in the field. (I mark) 13 When a transformer is connected to an ac source, the output voltage is found to be 24 V. If the power input is 200 W, determine the output current. (Assume the transformer is 100% efficient). (3 marks) SECTION B: (55 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 14 (a) State two factors that affect photoelectric emission. (2 marks) (b) Light of wavelength 4.3 X 10’7m is incident on two different metal surfaces, nickel and potassium. (Take speed of light as 3.0 x 108 ms2 and planks constant h as 6.63 x 10-341$). (i) Determine the energy of the incident radiation. (3 marks) (ii) If the Work function of nickel is 8.0 x 10’“! and that of potassium is 3.68 x lO‘19J, state with a reason from which of the two metals the given light will eject electrons. (2 marks) (iii) Determine the velocity of the emitted electrons from the metal surface in b(ii). (Take the mass of an electron as 9.1 x 1031 kg). (3 marks) 15 (a) State two factors that determine the resistance of a metallic conductor. (2 marks) (b) Explain how a fuse safeguards electrical appliances against excessive currents. (2 marks) (c) A hair dryer is rated 2.5 kW, 240 V. (i) Determine whether a 10 A fuse may be suitable for the hair dryer. (3 marks) (ii) Determine the cost of using the hair dryer for 3 hours if the cost of electricity is Ksh 0.80 per kilowatt hour. (2 marks) 16 (a) It is observed that alpha ((2′) particles have a lower penetrating power than beta (B) particles. Explain this observation. (2 marks) (b) A radioactive substance has a half life of 12 years. Determine the time it would take to decay to 12.5% of its original value. (2 marks) (c) A Geiger Miller (GM) tube is used for detecting radiations from a radioactive source. State the function of: (i) the mica window; (1 mark) (ii) bromine gas in the tube. (1 mark) (d) (i) In a diffusion chamber, explain Why some of the tracks formed are observed to be; (I) Short, (2 marks) (II) Straight. (2 marks) (ii) State two advantages of using a GM tube instead of a diffusion cloud chamber to detect radiations from radioactive substances. (2 marks) 17 (a) State three factors that affect the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor. (3 marks) (b) Figure 5 shows the circuit used to charge a capacitor C. (i) State what would be observed on the following when the switch is closed: E (I) the milliammeter; (1 mark) (II) the voltmeter; (1 mark) (ii) Explain how the capacitor gets charged. (3 marks) (iii) State the purpose of the resistor R. (1 mark) (iv) On the axes provided, sketch the graph of voltage (V) against time (t).(2 marks)     18 (a) Three resistors of resistance 2 , 3 and 4 are to be connected to a cell such that they have the least effective resistance. (i) Draw a circuit diagram to show how they can be connected to achieve this. ) (2 marks) (ii) Determine the least effective resistance of the three resistors. (3 marks) (b) Areal object of height 1 cm placed 50 mm from a converging lens forms a virtual image 100 mm from the lens. (i) Determine the: (I) focal length of the lens; (3 marks) (II) magnification. (2 marks) (ii) On the grid provided draw to scale the ray diagram for the set up, to show how the image is formed. (3 marks)  

PHYSICS Paper 1 (THEORY) SECTION A: (25 marks) Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1 Figure 1 shows part of the main scale of a vernier calipers. Insert the vernier scale to the main scale, to show a reading of 3.14 cm. (1 mark) 2 Figure 2 (a) shows the initial reading of a burette used to measure the volume of oil. After 50 drops of the oil were run out, the final reading was as shown in Figure 2 (b) Determine the volume of one drop of oil. (2 marks) 3 A spring extends by 6 cm when supporting a mass of 0.06 kg on earth. When the spring is used to support the same mass on the moon, it extends by 1 cm. Determine the moon’s gravitational strength. ( Take gravitational field strength on earth as I0 Nkg-1) (3 marks) 4 State two factors that determine the pressure at a point in a liquid. (2 marks) 5 A student wearing sharp pointed heeled shoes is likely to damage a soft wooden floor. Explain. (2 marks) 6 Figure 3 shows the arrangement of molecules in the three states of matter (a) Name the process represented by the arrow. (1 mark) (b) State the reason for the arrangement of molecules in state 3. (l mark) 7 Two containers A and B of equal dimensions but different metals are fitted with identical glass casings. The two containers initially at the same temperature are simultaneously filled with boiling water. It is observed that the glass casing on A breaks earlier than the one on B. Explain this observation. (2 marks) 8 Figure 4 shows a uniform metal rod balanced at it’s centre by different forces. Determine the value of T (3 marks) 9 Figure 5 shows air flowing through a pipe of different cross—section areas. Two pipesA and B are dipped into water. Explain the cause of the difference in the levels of water in the pipes A and B. (2 marks) 10 A balloon is filled with hydrogen gas and then released into the air. It is observed that as it rises higher into the air it expands. Explain why it expands. (2 marks) 11 A person carrying a heavy luggage using one hand leans away from the luggage. State the reason for this. (1 mark) 12 Figure 6 shows a glass with water fitted with two identical thermometers A and B. It is heated as State with a reason which one of the two thermometers shows a higher temperature (2 marks) 13 Mechanics is one of the branches of physics. State what it deals with (1 mark) SECTION B: (55 marks) Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 14 (a) Figure 7 (drawn to scale) shows a section of tape after passing through a ticker timer operated at a frequency of 50 Hz. The tape is attached to a trolley moving in the direction shown. (i) Determine the velocity between: (I) P and Q; (4 marks) (II) X and Y. (2 marks) (ii) Determine the acceleration of the trolley. (3 marks) (b) Two bodies of masses 5 kg and 8 kg moving in the same direction with velocities 20 ms-1 and 15 ms-1 respectively collide inelastically. Determine the velocity of the bodies after the collision. (4 marks) 15 (a) Figure 8 shows a 200 g mass placed on a frictionless surface and attached to a spring. The spring is compressed and released. Given that the elastic potential energy of the compressed spring is 2.7 X 10-2 J, determine the maximum speed with which the block moves after it is released. (4 marks) (b) In a wheel and axle system, state the advantage of having a large wheel diameter compared to the axle diameter for a frictionless system. (1 mark) (c) A body is released from a height h. Sketch a graph of potential energy against kinetic energy as the body falls to the ground. (2 marks) (d) Figure 9 shows a hydraulic lift system. The radius of the small piston is 3 cm while that of the larger piston is 9 cm. A force of 90 N is applied to the smaller piston. Determine the: (i) maximum load that can be lifted. (3 marks) (ii) efficiency of the system. (3 marks) 16 (a) Figure 10 shows an incomplete set up that can be used in an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of a solid of mass m by electrical method. (i) Complete the diagram by inserting the missing components for the experiment (2 marks) (ii) Other than temperature, state three measurements that should be taken. (3 marks) (iii) The final temperature was recorded as 0. Write an expression that can he used to determine the specific heat capacity of the solid. (2 marks) 12 (b) State three ways of increasing the sensitivity of a liquid-in-glass thermometer. (3 marks) 17 (a) Figure 11 shows a graph of pressure (p) against volume (v) for a fixed mass of a gas at constant temperature. (b) Explain the pressure law using the kinetic theory of gases. (3 marks) (c) 20 cm3 of a gas exerts a pressure of 760 mmHg at 25°C. Determine the temperature of the gas when the pressure increases to 900 mml-lg and the volume reduces to 15 cm3. (4 marks) (d) Figure 12 shows the path of a light ball projected horizontally. The ball is then made to spin in an anticlockwise direction as it moves: (i) on the same axis, sketch the new path of the ball. (1 mark) (ii) explain how the ball attains the new path. (2 marks) 18 (a) Figure 13 shows a pendulum bob suspended by a thread moving in a horizontal circle. (i) Name two forces acting on the pendulum bob as it moves (2 marks) (ii) State what happens to each of the forces when the angular velocity of the pendulum bob is increased. (2 marks) (iii) State two applications of uniform circular motion in daily life. (2 marks) (b) Figure 14 shows a block floating in water. When the water is heated; it is observed that the block sinks further. Explain this observation. (2 marks)

Kenya certificate of Secondary Education 2016 Physics paper 3 1. You are provided with the following: – A triangular glass prism – A piece of soft board – Four optical pins – Four office pins – A sheet of plain paper – A voltmeter – An ammeter – A galvanometer – Two cells and two cell holders – A resistance wire mounted on a copper wire labelled C – A reance wire labelled – A switch – Connecting – A glass tube PART A Proceed as follows: (a) Place the plain sheet of paper on the soft board and pin it using the office pins at the corners. Trace the triangular prism outline of the prism on the sheet of paper (use the upper part to leave space for two other outlines on the same page). Label the vertices of the outline at A, B and C. Remove the prism from the paper. (b) On the outline at a point 0 near the centre of side AB draw a normal ON. (c) Draw a line PO at an angle of 30° to the normal ON as shown in Figure 1. (d) Replace the prism accurately on the outline. Fix two optical pins vertically on line PO at different points (see Figure 1). (c) View the images of the two pins through side AC of the outline. Fix a third and fourth pin vertically such that they are in line with the images of the first and second pin. Remove the prism and the pins. Draw a line joining the marks made by the third and fourth pins and extend it to join line PO (also extended) as shown in Figure 1.(1 mark) Measure F, the angle of deviation of the emergent ray. (2 marks) (f) Repeat part (e) for other angles of incidence shown in Table 1. (Draw a fresh outline of the prism for each angle of incidence) Complete table 1 (3 marks) (g) Determine: (i) E the angle of emergence (between the emergent ray and the normal at the point of emergence) at the least angle of deviation. (2 marks) (ii) K given that K = 2 sin (where Fo is the least angle of deviation). 2J (2 marks) PART B Proceed as follows: Set up the circuit shown in Figure 2. (S is a point on wire FH such that SH = 30 cm). (h) Close the switch. Adjust the position of Clip X along FH until the current is 0.2A. Record the potential difference (V) across length SH in Table 2. Repeat part (a) for the values of current in Table 2. Complete Table 2 (4 marks) (j) Determine Rm, the mean resistance of wire SH. (1 mark) (k) Open the switch, disconnect the voltmeter and remove the cells. (1) Using a glass rod, wind the copper wire (C) into a coil. Slightly pull out the ends to ensure that adjacent turns of the coil do not touch. (m) Join the coil to the resistance wire R by winding about 1 cm of the coil end onto one end of resistance wire R (see Figure 3). Coil R —10WQ(8)00 Figure 3 Close the switch and adjust clip X to a point 0 along FH so that the current is now 0.1 A. Record the centimetre mark of point 0. Centimetre mark of point 0 cm. (o) Move the jockey along OH and obtain a point T, where the galvanometer reads zero. Record the centimetre mark of T2 Centimetre mark of T2 cm (1 mark) Determine length Lc of OT, Lc = (1 mark) (p) Connect clip Y at U and clip Z at V and repeat part (h) to obtain the point T, (where the galvanometer reads zero), the balance point of wire R. Record the centimetre mark of T, for R. Centimetre mark of T — cm (q) Determine the balance length LR for the resistance wire R LR r) Determine the constant Rcgiven that: 2. You are provided with the following: – Two half metre rules – One metre rule – One stopwatch – Two pieces of thread – Some sellotape – Stand boss and clamp Proceed as follows: (a) Using the retort stand, clamp one half-metre rule at its centre, such that the scale is horizontal in a vertical plane (see Figure 5). Using sellotape and two strings, suspend the second half-metre rule in a horizontal plane such that; (i) its scale is horizontal (ii) the strings are equidistant from the centres of the half-metre rules and distance = 40 cm apart. (iii) The height between the two half-metre rules is L = 65cm. (see Figure 5). (b) Set the suspended rule into small oscillations in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis through its centre. (see Figure 5). (c) (i) using the stopwatch, record the time t, for oscillations. t1 = s (1 mark) (ii) Determine the period T, the time for one oscillation. Ti = (1 mark) (d) With I still at 65 cm, change the distance between the strings from 40cm to d, = 20 cm. Repeat part C to obtain period T,. T2 = (1 mark) (e) Determine constant r given that (2 marks) For the rest of the experiment the distance between the strings should remain 20cm. (f) Repeat part (c) for values of / Shown in Table 3. Complete Table 3 (6 marks) (g) Plot a graph of log T(y axis)against log L

Kenya certificate of Secondary Education 2016 Physics paper 2 SECTION A: (25 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided 1. Figure 1 shows a ray of light incident on a mirror, at an angle of 45°. Another mirror is placed at an angle of 45° to the first ones as shown. Sketch the patch of the ray until it emerges. (2 marks) 2. An un magnetized steel rod is clamped facing North-South direction and then hammered repeatedly for some time. When tested, it is found to be magnetized. Explain this observation. (2 marks) 3. Figure 2 shows a solenoid carrying an electric current. Sketch the magnetic field pattern inside and at the ends of the solenoid. (1 mark); 4. Figure 3 shows how the displacement of a point varies with time as a wave passes it. On the same diagram, draw a wave which passes the point with half the amplitude and twice the frequency of the one shown. (2 marks) 5. State the reason why a convex mirror is preferred over a plane mirror for use as a driving mirror. (I mark) 6. Figure 4 shows straight waves incident on a diverging lens placed in a ripple tank to reduce its depth. Complete the diagram to show the waves in both the shallow region and beyond the lens. (2 marks) 7. Figure 5 shows the cross-section of a dry cell. Use the information on the figure to answer Question 7. (a) Name the parts labelled A and B. (2 marks) (b) State the use of the manganese (IV) oxide in the cell. (1 mark) 8. The following is part of a radioactive series. Determine the values of a and b (2 marks) a= b = 9. Draw a ray diagram to show how a ray of light may be totally internally reflected two times in an isosceles right-angled glass prism. (Assume that the critical angle of glass is 42°.) (2 marks) 10. Figure 6 shows a narrow beam of X-rays passing between two metal plates in air. The plates are connected in series with a switch, a cell and a milliameter. 9. Draw a ray diagram to show how a ray of light may be totally internally reflected two times in an isosceles right-angled glass prism. (Assume that the critical angle of glass is 42°.) (2 marks) 10. Figure 6 shows a narrow beam of X-rays passing between two metal plates in air. The plates are connected in series with a switch, a cell and a milliameter.   It is observed that when the switch is closed a current flows in the milliameter. Explain this observation. (2 marks) 11. A heater of resistance R1 is rated P watts, V volts while another of resistance R2 is rated 2P watts, V/2 volts. Determine R1/R2. (2 marks) 12. When a germanium crystal is doped with arsenic, it becomes an N-type semi-conductor. Explain how this change occurs. (2 marks) (Number of electrons in the outermost shell for germanium = 4, Arsenic = 5) 13. A boy standing in front of a cliff blows a whistle and hears the echo after 0.5 s. He then moves 17 metres further away from the cliff and blows the whistle again. He now hears the echo after 6.0 s. Determine the speed of the sound. (2 marks) SECTION B: (55 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 14. (a) Figure 7 shows a simple electric bell circuit. Switch (i) Name the parts labelled: 1. I) (1 mark) II. F (I mark) (ii) When the switch is closed, the hammer hits the gong repeatedly. Explain why: 1. the hammer hits the gong. (2 marks) (b) An electric bulb is rated 60W, 240 V. Determine: (i) the current that flows through it when it is connected to a 240V supply. (2 marks) (ii) the resistance of the bulb (2 marks) 15. Figure 8 shows two coils A and B placed close to each other. A is connected to a steady direct current (d.c.) supply and a switch, B is connected to a sensitive galvanometer. (a) (i) The switch is now closed. State the observation made on the galvanometer. (1 mark) (ii) Explain what would be observed if the switch is then opened. (1 mark) (b) The primary coil of a transformer has 1000 turns and the secondary coil has 200 turns. The primary coil is connected to a 240V alternating current (a.c.) mains supply. (1) Explain how an e.m.f is induced in the secondary coil. (2 marks) (ii) Determine the secondary voltage. (2 marks) (iii) Determine the efficiency of the transformer given that the current in the primary coil is 0.20A and in the secondary coil is 0.80A. (3 marks) 16. (a) Figure 9, shows a circuit that may be used to charge a capacitor. R Figure 9 State the observation on the milliameter when the circuit is switched on. (1 mark) (ii) Explain the observation in a (i) above. (2 marks) (b) The circuit in Figure 9 is left on for duration of time. State the value of potential difference (p.d.) across (i) the resistor R; (I mark) (ii) the capacitor C; (1 mark) (c) Sketch the graph of potential difference V across R against time. (1 mark) (d) Figure 10 shows three capacitors connected to a 10V battery. Calculate: (i) the combined capacitance of the three capacitors (3 marks) (ii) the charge on the 5.0pF capacitor. (3 marks) 17. (a) When a radiation was released into a diffusion chamber, short thick tracks were observed. State with a reason, the type of radiation that was detected. (2 marks) (c) State what is meant by an extrinsic semi-conductor. (1 mark) (d) Figure 11 shows a depletion layer in an unbiased p—n junction. Figure 11 State how a battery can be used to make the depletion layer narrower. (1 mark) State how a battery can be used to make the depletion layer narrower. (1 mark) (e) Figure 12 shows an

Kenya certificate of Secondary Education 2016 Physics paper 1 SECTION A: (25 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided 1. State what mechanics as a branch of physics deals with. (1 mark) 2. Figure 1 shows a change in volume of water in a measuring cylinder when an irregular solid is immersed in it. Given that the mass of the solid is 567 g, determine the density of the solid in g/cm3 (Give your answers correct to 2 decimal places). (3 marks) 3. When a drop of an organic acid of known volume is dropped on the surface of water in a large trough, it spreads to form a large circular patch, State one assumption made when the size of the molecule of the acid is estimated by determining the area of the patch. (I mark) 4. Figure 2(a) and 2(b) show capillary tubes inserted in water and mercury respectively. Water It is observed that in water the meniscus in the capillary tube is higher than the meniscus in the beaker, while in mercury the meniscus in the capillary tube is lower than the meniscus in the beaker. Explain these observations. (3 marks) 5. Figure 3 shows a hot water bath with metal rods inserted through one of its ends. Some candle wax is fixed at the end of each rod. Use this information to answer questions 5(a) and 5(b).   (a) What property of metals could be tested using this set-up? (1 mark) (b) Besides the length of the rods that is kept constant, what else should be kept constant when comparing the property for the different metal rods? (1 mark ) 6. Figure 4 shows a uniform light bar resting horizontally on corks floating on water in two beakers A and B. Explain why the bar tilts towards side A when equal amount of heat is supplied to each beaker (2 mark) 7. Figure 5 shows an aluminium tube tightly stuck in a steel tube. Explain how the two tubes can be separated by applying a temperature change at the junction given that aluminium expands more than steel for the same temperature rise. (2 marks) 8. (a) An aeroplane is moving horizontally through still air at a uniform speed. It is observed that when the speed of the plane is increased, its height above the ground increases. State the reasons for this observation. (1 mark) (b) Figure 6 shows parts A, B and C of a glass tube. State with a reason the part of the tube in which the pressure will be lowest when air is blown through the tube from A towards C. (2 marks) 9. The three springs shown in Figure 7 arc identical and have negligible weight. The extension produced on the system of springs is 20cm. Determine the spring constant of each spring. (2 marks) 10. Figure 8 shows two cylinders of different cross-sectional areas connected with a tube. The cylinders contain an incompressible fluid and are fitted with pistons of cross-sectional areas 4 cm2 and 24 cm2. Opposing forces P and Q are applied to the pistons such that the pistons do not move. If the pressure on the smaller piston is 5N/cm2, determine force Q. (2 marks) 11. Figure 9 shows a uniform cardboard in the shape of a parallelogram. Locate the centre of gravity of the cardboard. (1 mark) 12. State why it is easier to separate water into drops than to separate a solid into smaller pieces. 13. The graph in Figure 10 shows the velocity of a car in the first 8 seconds as it accelerates from rest along a straight line. > Determine the distance travelled 3.0 seconds after the start. (2 marks) SECTION B: (55 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 14. (a) Explain why it is advisable to use a pressure cooker for cooking at high altitudes. (2 marks) (b) Water of mass 3.0 Kg at 20°C is heated in an electric kettle rated 3.0KW. The water is heated until it boils at 100°C. Given that the specific heat capacity of water = 4200J Kg-1 K-‘, heat capacity of the kettle = 450.1K-1, specific latent heat of vaporisation of water = 2.3 M.T Kg-1. Determine: (i) the heat absorbed by the water. (3 marks) (ii) heat absorbed by the electric kettle. (2 marks) (iii) the time taken for the water to boil. (3 marks) (iv) how much longer it will take to boil away all the water. (3 marks) 15. (a) State the meaning of the term ideal gas. (1 mark) (b) The pressure acting on a gas in a cylinder was changed steadily while the temperature of the gas was maintained constant. The value of volume V of the gas was measured for various values of pressure. The graph in Figure 11 shows the relation between the pressure P, and the reciprocal of volume, Vv (i) Suggest how the temperature of the gas could be kept constant. (2 marks) (ii) Given that the relation between the pressure P1 and the volume, V1 of the gas is given by Pv = K, where K is a constant, use the graph to determine the value of K. (4 marks) (iii) What physical quantity does K represent? (1 mark) (iv) State one precaution you would take when performing such an experiment. (1 mark) (c) A gas occupies a volume of 4000 litres at a temperature of 37°C and normal atmospheric pressure. Determine the new volume of the gas if it is heated at constant pressure to a temperature of 67°C (Normal atmospheric pressure, P = 1.01 X 105 Pa). (4 marks) 16. (a) Define the term velocity ratio of a machine. (1 mark) (b) Figure 12 shows part of a hydraulic press. The Plunger is the piston where effort is applied while the Ram piston is the position where the load is applied. The Plunger has cross-section area a m2 while the Ram piston has cross-section, A m2. When the

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education Practical 2017 Physics paper 3 PART A 1. You are provided with the following: – One dry cell in a cell holder – One milliammeter – A resistor labelled RI – A chain of six resistors – A switch – Connecting wires Proceed as follows: (a) Set up the circuit as shown in Figure 1 Switch on the circuit to obtain a positive deflection in the milliammeter. Record the reading II of the milliammeter. = mA (1 mark) (b) Remove the crocodile clips from the ends of the chain of resistors and connect them across two resistors in the resistance chain that add up to 3.0 kit. Record the reading of the milliammeter 12. 12 = mA (1 mark) (c) Repeat the procedure in (b) for other values of resistance R shown in Table 1 and complete Table 1. (Hint: The values of R may be obtained by combining two or more resistors in the chain) 4, (e) (i) Determine the slope S of the graph. (3 marks) (ii) Given the equation E = I(R-FRI) determine the values of: (I) E. (3 marks) (II) R1 (2 marks) (b) At a point about a thirdway along one side of the outline from angle A, draw a normal. (2 marks) (c) Draw a line at angle i = 40° to the normal. Stick two pins P1 and P2 vertically on this line. (see Figure 3). Place the prism accurately on the outline. By viewing through the opposite side, stick two other pins P3 and P4 vertically such that they are in line with the two images of pins P1 and P2. (d) Remove the prism and the pins. Draw a line joining the marks made by P3 and P4. Extend lines P1 P2 and P3 P4 to intersect. Hence measure the angle of deviation D. D = (1 mark) (e) For two other values of angle i shown in Table 2 locate and measure the corresponding angles of deviation. Complete Table 2. (f) (i) Determine the average value Dm of D (ii) Determine the constant K using the equation PART B (Read all the instructions before starting this part) Using the thermometer measure and record the temperature of the room°…………..°C (h) Using the 250m1 beaker, collect 200m1 of hot water from the boiling water source. Place the thermometer into the hot water and wait until the water cools to 80°C then start the stopwatch and record the time t1, it takes the water to cool to 75°C………… seconds i) Wait until the water cools to 70°C then start the stopwatch and record the time t1 it takes the water to cool to 65°C. t2 seconds (1 mark) Determine the rate of temperature change X and Y in the two time intervals; (k) State with a reason how the rate of change of temperature between 90°C to 85°C compares with X. (2 marks)

2017 Physics paper 2 SECTION A: (25 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided 1. State any two uses of microwaves. (2 marks) 2. In a laboratory there are four metals — tin, nickel, copper and cobalt. Of these metals, name the metals that are; (a) magnetic, (1 mark) (b) non-magnetic. (1 mark) 3. State one use of echoes. 5. State two advantages of using convex mirrors to monitor movements in a large supermarket. (2 marks) 6. Figure 1 shows an insulated wire wound on a U-shaped iron core connected to a battery. Determine the polarity of A. (1 mark) 7. Explain how the greenhouse gets warm. (2 marks) 8. Draw a circuit diagram to show a p-n junction diode in the forward biased mode. (1 mark) 9. Figure 2 shows a virtual image I formed by a convex lens. Draw a ray diagram to locate the object. (3 marks) A 10. Write an equation to show how an element zX decay to element Y by emitting a beta particle. (1 mark) 11. Explain what is observed when an uncharged sphere is brought close to a positively charged electroscope. (3 marks) 12. Figure 3 shows a transverse wave. Determine the frequency of the wave. (2 marks) 13. Figure 4 shows three resistors connected in series. Using Ohm’s law, show that the effective resistance is given by the expression: RT= RI + R2 + R3 (3 marks) 14. State how heating is achieved in a resistance wire. (1 mark) SECTION B: (55 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 15. (a) Figure 5 shows the interface between glass and air. Draw on the figure a ray diagram to illustrate the critical angle. (3 marks) (b) Figure 6 shows a ray of light incident at right angles to face AB of a right angled glass prism of refractive index 1.62. Figure 6 (i) Determine the critical angle of the material. (3 marks) (ii) Complete the ray diagram to show the path of light until it leaves the prism. (2 marks) (c) State any two applications of prisms. (2 marks) 16. (a) Figure 7 shows a set up that may be used to observe photoelectric effect. A radiation is incident on the cathode. It is observed that the microammeter registers a current. (i) Explain how the current is produced. (2 marks) (ii) State with a reason what must be done for a higher current to be registered. (2 marks) (iii) It was observed that for a certain incident radiation, no current was registered. Explain this observation. (2 marks) (b) A monochromatic light of wavelength 4.50 x 10′ m is incident on a metal surface of threshold frequency 5.5 x 10″ Hz. (Speed of light c is 3.0 X 1O’ ms-‘ and planks constant h is 6.63 x 10-34Js). Determine (i) the work function of the metal surface, (3 marks) (b) A monochromatic light of wavelength 4.50 x 10′ m is incident on a metal surface of threshold frequency 5.5 x 10″ Hz. (Speed of light c is 3.0 X 1O’ ms-‘ and planks constant h is 6.63 x 10-34Js). Determine (i) the work function of the metal surface, (3 marks) (ii) average kinetic energy of the emittal photoelectrons. (4 marks) 17. (a) Figure 8 shows a conductor AB connected to a galvanometer and placed between two permanent magnets. Conductor AB is moved perpendicular to the magnetic field. State and explain the observation made on the galvanometer. (3 marks) (ii) State the effect of moving the conductor faster. (1 mark) (b) A transformer is used to step down 240V to 12V for use in an electric appliance operating at 0.5A. If the primary coil has 600 turns, determine the; (i) number of turns in the secondary coil, (3 marks) (ii) Current in the primary coil (3 marks) 18. (a) State two factors that affect the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor. (2 marks) (b) Figure 9 shows an electric circuit in which three capacitors are connected across a power supply. (2 marks) (i) total capacitance, (4 marks) (ii) Quantity of change stored on the 8uf capacitor(3 marks) 19. (a) Figure 10 shows a block diagram of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). (i) State the names of the parts labelled B1 and B,. (2 marks) (ii) State and explain the function of the part marked A. (3 marks) (b) Figure 11 shows a trace of a signal observed on the screen of a CRO. The time-base setting is 20 mscm-‘. Determine the frequency of the signal. (4 marks) (c) Explain why tunsten is used as a target in an x-ray tube. (2 marks)    

2017 Physics paper 1 SECTION A: (25 marks) Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1. In order to determine the size of an oil molecule, a student performed an experiment using five oil drops to make a circular patch of the oil on the surface of water in a waterbath. State two assumptions made by the student during the calculations. (2 marks) 2. In an experiment to determine the density of Liquid R. a student obtained the followed data: Mass of an empty density bottle = 55.0 g — Mass of the density bottle + water = 80.0 g — Mass of the density bottle + Liquid R = 70.0 g Determine the density of Liquid R. (density of water is 1000 kgm (3 marks) 3. It is observed that when 20 cm’ of alcohol is mixed with 20 cm’ of water, the volume of the mixture is 39 cm’. State a reason why the volume of the mixture is not 40 cm’. (1 mark 4. When a liquid is heated in a glass flask, it is observed that the level at first goes down and then rises. Explain this observation. (2 marks) 5. Figure 1 shows a uniform wooden bar at equilibrium with two cans Y and Z of equal mass but different diameters. The cans are simultaneously filled with equal volumes of water. Explain the observation made. (2 marks) 6. State the reason why the speed of water at the narrow section of a river is higher than at the wider section. (1 mark) 7. .A stone is thrown .vertically upwards. Sketch a graph of potential energy (y axis) against time as the stone moves until it hits the ground. (1 mark) 8. Using the definition of impulsive force. show that F = ma (3 marks) 9. Figure 2 shows a round bottomed flask fitted with a long capillary tube containing a drop of coloured water. The flask is immersed in ice water for sometime. State the observation made. (2 marks) 10. State one assumption for the experiments carried out to verify the gas laws. (1 mark) 11. A student who wanted to take a bath mixed 4 kg of water at 80 °C with 6 kg of water at 20 °C. Determine the final temperature of the water. (3 marks) 12. A uniform metre rule is pivoted at its centre. Two weights of 20N and 10 N are suspended at the 20cm and 100cm marks respectively. Determine the position at which a 10N weight should be suspended in order to balance the system. (3 marks) 13. Figure 3 shows two possible designs of a three legged stool. State a reason why B is more stable than A. Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 14. (a) A tape attached to an accelerating trolley passes through a ticker timer that makes dots on it at a frequency of 50Hz. The ticker timer makes 10 dots on a 10cm long tape such that; the distance a between the first two dots is 0.5 cm and the distance b between the last two dots is 1.5 cm. (i) Determine the velocity of the trolley at: (I) distance a, (4 marks) (II) distance b. (2 marks) 15. (a) A student was provided with several identical masses, a metre rule, a spring and a stand, boss and clamp. Outline five steps that the student should follow in order to verify Hooke’s law. (5 marks) (b) Figure 4 shows a graph that was drawn from the results obtained in an experiment to study the extension of a spring. From the graph determine: (i) The spring constant K. (3 marks) (ii) The load that causes an extension of 3 x 10′ m. (1 mark) (c) Three identical springs of spring constant 100 Nm ‘ are arranged as shown in Figure 5 to support a 5N load. Determine the total extention for the arrangement 16. (a) In an experiment to determine the size of an oil molecule, oil is placed on the surface of water after sprinkling lycopodium powder on it. (i) State two reasons why oil is used. (2 marks) (ii) State the function of the lycopodium powder. (1 mark) (iii) State any two assumptions that are made in this experiment. (2 marks) (iv) Explain why the oil spreads on the surface of water. (2 marks) (b) The following data was obtained from an experiment to determine the size of a palm oil molecule. — Volume of 100 drops of palm oil = 15.0mm3 — Area of a patch from one drop of oil = 8.0 X l04mm2 Determine the size of a palm oil molecule. (3 marks) 17. (a) State the law of flotation. (1 mark) (b) Figure 6 shows two solids W and X made of the same material and immersed in water. (i) State with a reason .which one of the containers experiences a greater upthrust. (2 marks) (ii) Solid W weighs 12N in air. 2N in water and 4 N in another liquid. Determine the density of the other liquid. (3 marks) (c) Figure 7 shows two identical wooden blocks each of mass 0.2 kg suspended in water by two strings M and N. Given that the upthrust on each block is 3.2N, determine the tension in string: (1) M. (2 marks) (ii) N. (2 marks) (d) State any one application of hydrometers. (1 mark) 18. (a) The figure shows a hydraulic break system Describe how the systems works (5 marks) (b) State three conditions necessary for a driver to negotiate a bend on a flat level road at a relatively high speed. (3 marks) (c) Figure 9 shows two identical cans U and V each with a small opening at the top. Different amounts of water were put into the cans and heated until the water started to boil. Explain what will be observed when both cans are then suddenly dipped into a cold waterbath. (3 marks)  

Kenya certificate of primary Education Practical 2018 Physics paper 3 Question 1 You are provided with the following:   Some water in a container A 10 ml measuring cylinder A piece of a glass rod A 10 g mass 5 paper clips A half metre rule A metre rule Two stands, two bosses and two clamps Three pieces of sewing threadProceed as follows: (a) Pour 6 ml of the water into the measuring cylinder. Lower the glass rod into the water and determine the volume V of the glass rod. V=……………………….cm3(1 mark) Remove the glass rod from water. (b) Using a stand and a piece of string, suspend the half metre rule at its centre of gravity C so that it balances horizontally with the scale facing you. Using a second stand, clamp a metre rule vertically near one end of the half metre rule to note the height at which the half metre rule is horizontal. Maintain this height throughout the experiment Record the centimetre mark of the centre of gravity C. C……………………cm(1 mark) (c) Using the string, suspend the 10 g mass on the half metre rule at a distance d = 2 cm from C. The distance d = 2 cm should be maintained throughout the experiment. Balance the half metre rule by suspending the glass rod using a string at a distance X from C. Record the value of X X=…………………….cm(1 mark) (d) Using the results in part (a) and (c) determine the; (i) mass of the glass rod, (2 marks) (ii) density of the glass rod. (2 marks) (e) Remove the glass rod. Push the half metre rule through one paper clip and adjust the position of the clip to a point P where the half metre rule balances horizontally. See Figure 1. (f) Record the centimetre mark for point P in Table 1. (g) Repeat part (f) for the other number of clips shown in Table 1 and complete (the clips may be suspended by connecting them us a chain of the required number) (4 marks) (i) Determine the slope S of the graph.(3 marks) (j) Determine K given that 1/L = 0.05 KN(2 marks) Question 2 You are provided with the following: (i) A voltmeter (ii) A resistor labelled 10 1 (iii) A resistance wire mounted on a half metre rule labelled X (iv) Two cells in a cell holder (v) A switch (vi) Eight connecting wires (vii) A micrometer screw gauge (viii) A resistor labelled 10 KB (ix) A galvanometer (x) A beaker containing a liquid labelled L (xi) Two copper plates (xii) A resistance wire labelled AB and mounted on a millimetre scale (xiii) A jockey (xiv) A vernier calliper Proceed as follows: Part A (a) Measure and record the diameter d of the resistance wire x d= ……………mm =……………..m (b) Set up the circuit as shown in Figure 2. (i) Close the switch and record the potential difference V across the 10a resistor. (1 mark) (ii) Open the switch. Determine the current I flowing in the circuit. (2 marks) (c) (i) Now connect the voltmeter across wire X. Close the switch and record the potential difference V2 across wire X. v1……………………….. (ii) Determine the resistance R of wire X.(2 marks) (iii) Determine K the resistance per metre of wire X.(1 marks) (iv) Determine Q given that Q = n Kd2/4 (where d is in metres).(1 marks) Part B (d) (i) Using the vernier callipers measure and record the width W of one of the copper plates W =…………(1 mark) (ii) Determine the area A of a 5 cm length of the copper plate A =……………………. .. cm2(1 mark) (e) Using stands and clamps, hold the copper plates in the beaker such that both plates: (i) reach the bottom of the beaker; (ii) are parallel, vertical and facing each other; (iii) are separated from each other by a distance S. (f) Connect the copper plates to the circuit as shown in Figure 3. (g) Set the separation distance between the copper plates S to 3 cm. Using the jockey tap wire AB at various points to obtain a point P at which the galvanometer does not show any deflection. Record the balance length L (from A to P) in Table 2. (h) Repeat part (g) for other values of S shown in Table 2 and complete the table. (6 marks) (i) Determine the average value of Z. (2 marks)