RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIV/AIDS AND OTHER STDS
Sexually transmitted infection (STDs) vulnerable group of disease or infection whose predominant mode of transmission is through sexual intercourse Stds makes one more vulnerable to HIV infection e.g. gonorrhea and genital herpes thus early treatment to aspect of HIV infection. When one is infected by STDs he/ she depict the following symptoms Urethral discharge Virginal discharge Genital ulcers Long abdominal pain Eye infection in new born Swelling of scrotum Examples of STDs Gonorrhea Causative agent Neisseria gonococcus Signs Burning when passing urine Discharge of pus through the urethra of the virginal or sore growth incase of oral sex, Complication and treatment Damage of fallopian duct in female and epididymis in male leading to sterility Inflammation of joint, liver, heart and peritoneum may occur. Treatment By use of effective antibiotic as the organism is resistant to several times. Noflocin is a useful anti biotic. SYPHILIS Bacterium Treponema palladium Signs and symptoms Sore in the genitalia and body rush After some years it damages the heart aorta and the brain leading to a condition known as paralysis of the insane. Complication and treatment Can cause re-current miscarriage, heart problems and brain damage Easily failed with infection of penicillin or cephalosporin’s LYMPOGRANULOMA Causative agent – Chlamydia Signs and symptoms Swelling and ulceration of lymph nods in the grain Complication Narrowing of rectum and destruction of urethra Treatment Tetracycline’s TRICHOMONIASIS Causative agent- protozoa dichotomous virginals Signs and symptoms Burning in the virginal and urethra Greenish – yellow discharge Complication and treatment Treated with fasigyn (tinidazolepessarics) or cream Candidiasis Causative agent – a fungus called Candida albicans Signs and symptoms Burning in the virginal and the urethra White thick discharge sometimes tiredness with blood. Complication and treatment May lead to pre cancer condition of the neck and womb (cervix cancer) Treated with anti fungal passure or cream e.g. doctrimazole. GENITAL Herpes. Causative agent Herpes simplex agent Signs and symptoms Painful vascular rushes in the genitals Complication and treatment Figia damage unborn baby eventually treating to death. Cancer of the neck of the womb no nearly the effective treatment. Acyclorin may be harmful. HEPATITIS Causative agent Hepatitis ‘B’ virus Signs and symptoms Yellow less of eyes (juridical ) due to liver damage Pain around right upper abdomen Lead to cancer of the liver. Complication and treatment Cancer of the liver. No treatment, vaccine, available also transmitted by blood transfusion. AIDS Causative agent HIV Signs Many different signs but dominated by weight less and opportunistic infections. Complication and treatment Much complication eventually leading to death i.e. no cure CLAMIDIASIS Causative agent Chlamydia trichomatis (virus) Very common in adolescence Pain when passing urine Discharge and abdominal pain Complication and treatment Damage to fallopian duct Inflation and sterility in both male and female Treatment doxycycline Cause by human popilloma virus Signs and symptoms Marks around genital area Invasion of the neck of the womb. Complication and treatment Cancer of neck of the womb Treatment is very difficult burning the wart with podophilingetc Relationship between STDS and HIV AIDS Both are sexually transmitted Both don’t have cure Both require psychotherapy (counseling) for individual to cope with them. In all of them individual s experience stigmatization In both of them the victim should always be educated on ways of avoiding re infection for it will worsen the situation Clinical staging of HIV / aids Clinically HIV/ AIDS infection has been categorized into five stages Transmission stage Primary infection Asymptomatic phase. Intermediate / asymptomatic stage Advance disease Transmission stage Transmission of HIV/ AIDS with the 1st stage without, with non of the subsequent stage can occur Basically HIV virus is transmitted through contact with body fluids e.g sexual intercourse. accounting 80% of HIV transmission intravenous drug use 10% unscreened blood transfusion accounting 5% of HIV transmission and exposure to contaminated instrument accounting 1% e.g. needle . Mother to child transmission accounting 10% of HIV transmission. Primary injection. The symptoms of injection occur normally 2-6 weeks after exposure to the virus. In 50-80% of patient the symptom are normally mild and patient might dismiss them as mild through symptoms. this might be accompanied by swelling of the glands , sore throats which may persist up to 14 days .CD4 will decline as immune system come into attack from the virus but will recover as the immune system land to fight injection through production of antibodies. Antibodies may become detectable 10-14 days after the onset of symptoms however depending on the sensitivity of the test and level of A HIV test may still be negative once natural viral suppression due to immune function occur the level of virus reaches a plateau 3-6 months after the injection has taken place. Its during zero conversion that the patient is tightly infectious and transmission of virus is very likely while viral level remains high in the body fluids. The plateau in the viral level is called viral sets. Point and may indicate this rate of viral replication e.g. disease progression is likely to be faster in those in those with high viral subsequent. ASSYMPTOMATIC PHASE During the phase the patient remain asymptomatic (no signs of HIV / aids) although enlarged gland may characterize the phase with minor complication which the patients ignore as not no medical attention . Oral lesion may be represented as ulcers and the patients may have increased sinuses and other respiratory tract. Many patients may take this normal cause infection if they are unaware of their status and treat with over the counter medicine. SYMPTOMATIC STAGE Here cd4 count has fallen below 500 and remain above 200. Patients begin manifesting symptom of HIV / aids and may develop a risk of bacteria pneumonias or, pulmonary TB. Also during this stage mouth infection may also show itself as oral thrush an d oral leukoplakia. ADVANCED DISEASE During this stage the cd4 counts fails below 200 patients may develop a variety of opportunistic infection of which include Non – pulmonary TB Pneumocytic pneumonia and may be accompanied
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