The surrounding in which we live in, is known as the environment. It is important to keep our surroundings clean so as to prevent illnesses and the spread of diseases.
Objective
By the end of the lesson you should be able to explain the concept environmental hygiene.
Free drainage
It is a method of disposing water anywhere in the compound.
Open Drainage
It is a method of disposing water by directing it into gutters or a simple trench dug on the ground. The trench can also be well constructed with materials such as cement, plastic or metal.
An Open Drain
Concealed drainage
In this type of drainage, water is drawn away from the house through pipes and covered drains.
Definition of Drainage
Drainage is the removal of water from houses and buildings such as rain water and waste water.
Stagnant water around houses and buildings is a health hazard. It is therefore important to draw it away appropriately.
Types of Drainage
Free drainage
Open drainage
Concealed
Malaria
Malaria is caused by a parasite which is spread by the anopheles mosquito.
Typhoid
Typhoid is caused by a bacteria found in urine or faeces.
Cholera
Cholera is caused by a bacteria found in contaminated water and food.
Dysentery
Dysentery is caused by protozoa (amoeba) found in human faeces.
Scabies
Scabies is caused by mites found in places where there is poor personal hygiene.
Bilhazia
Bilhazia is caused by parasitic snails found in fresh water.
Ringworms
Ringworms are caused by fungi which affects the skin.
Tuberculosis (TB)
Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria which affects different parts of the body such as the lungs.
Introduction
Communicable diseases are those that are easily passed on from person to person or from host to
person. A host refers to a carrier of disease causing organisms (germs). The common communicable diseases are:
Objectives
By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
State the common communicable diseases.
Identify causes of common communicable diseases.
Mode of transmission of dysentery, typhoid and cholera
One common transmission mode of dysentery, typhoid and cholera is through contaminated water.
Signs and symptoms
Severe abdominal pains
Fever
Nausea
Loss of appetite
Diarrhoea
Dehydration
Violent vomiting
Acute diarrohea
Abdominal pain
Headaches
General body weakness
Prevention and Control of Dysentery, Cholera and Typhoid
Practice proper disposal of human waste
Treat water for domestic use
Observe proper hygiene practices
Ensure regular medical checkups for food handlers
Scabies is a skin disease which manifests itself in form of rashes which form blisters and sores.Itchy skin
Rashes which form blisters and soresThis is a skin disease which manifests itself in form of whitish round rings) on the infected area.
Itching of the infected areas
Whitish round ring(s) on the infected area
Loss of hair on the infected area
Skin diseases
Some skin diseases are contracted through body contact, improper hygiene and by sharing personal items. These include:
Prevention and Control of Skin Diseases
Practice personal hygiene;
Avoid sharing personal items such as, combs, clothes and many others;
Disinfect / sterilize personal items occasionally;
Seek medical attention.