April 24, 2025

  Convenience Foods These are foods that are either partially or wholly prepared by the manufacturer. The food is either ready to eat or requires very little preparation before eating. Ready to eat pizza A block of uncooked instant noodles Objectives By the end of the lesson you should be able: (i) State the advantages for using convenience food (ii) State the limitations for using convenience foods. Examples of Convenience Foods Partially prepared  Cake mix Fish fillets Coffee, cocoa Shredded vegetables Pastries Wholly prepared cakes sodas bread popcorn ready to drink juices

  Lighting in the Home Light is radiant energy that enables us to see. Sources of light Sources of light are either natural or artificial. Objective By the end of the lesson, you should be able to identify sources of light. Natural Lighting The main sources of natural light is the sun. Other sources include the moon and the stars. Natural light gets into a room through openings such as doors, windows and skylights. Artificial lighting Sources of artificial light include: Lamps, torches, candles, among others. Methods of lighting Different methods of lighting are used in the home. They include:- 1. Direct lighting 2. Semi direct 3. Indirect lighting 4. Decorative Objective By the end of the lesson, you should be able to identify the methods of lighting used in the home. Direct Lighting Direct lighting is when light is focused on a point where it is required for a specific purpose. Semi Direct Lighting Semi Direct Lighting is where light is distributed in all directions. In-direct lighting In-direct lighting is where the source of light is hidden and the light is directed onto a surface such as a wall or ceilling. The light is then deflected and distributed to the whole room. Decorative Lighting Decorative Lighting is light that is used to bring out the beauty of room and accessories. Coloured bulbs or lampshades may be used to create a desired mood. Lighting fixtures/fittings Lighting fixtures/fittings are devices used for holding bulbs and may also be decorative. They can be mounted on ceilings or walls, pendants or placed on tables or floors. Objective By the end of the lesson you should be able to identify various lighting fixtures/fittings

  Fuels in the Home A fuel is a material that is burnt to produce energy in form of heat, light and motion. The fuels include:- firewood, charcoal, paraffin, electricity, gas, biogas, solar among others. Quizzes Precautions to take while handling fuels in the Home Objectives By the end of the lesson, you should be able to explain the precautions to take when handling and storing fuels in the home Ways of Conserving Fuel Fuel conservation is the economical use of fuel in the home. Fuels can be conserved using the following ways: 1. Light the cooker just when ready to use. 2. Ensuring all cooking equipment is in good working order. 3. Use of clean equipment 4. The base of the pans and pots should be well fitting on the surface of the cooking unit. 5. Use fuel saving devices 6. Cover the food during cooking with a well fitting lid. 7.Make multiple use of fuel energy such as steaming while boiling. Objective By the end of the lesson, you should be able to explain different ways of conserving fuel.

  Ventilation This is the mechanism of allowing in fresh air in a room or space while getting rid of stale air. Reasons for adequate ventilation Objectives By the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. Define ventilation 2. Discuss reasons for sufficient ventilation in a room Dangers of poor ventilation When a room is poorly ventilated, the following may arise: 1. Suffocation 2. Drowsiness 3. Fainting 4. Discomfort 5. Easy transmission of communicable diseases Objective By the end of the lesson, you should be able to state the dangers of poor ventilation. Methods of ventilating a room There are two main methods of ventilating a room. These are: 1. Natural ventilation 2. Mechanical/ artificial ventilation Natural Windows Doors Vents Chimney Wind-driven fan Mechanical/ Artificial Methods These include different types of fans