October 20, 2022

Introduction This Co-op Accounting and Audit Toolkit provides a simple method for identifying, collecting, recording, analysing and reporting on performance for small scale co-operatives. Co-operatives are owned and controlled by their members and members are individuals, families and other co-operatives who trade with the co-operative.  Members receive dividends from the net profit and have a […]

MEANING OF CO-OPERATIVE ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT- Click to view THE CO-OPERATIVE ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT POSTER – Click to view ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION AND REPORTING OF RESULTS – Click to view

9.0 Introduction The expectation of consumers, banks and other businesses have pronounced effects on supply and demand in financial markets. If inflationary expectations increase, the supply of and demand for loanable funds shift, and higher interest rates result. Also bank’s portfolio of assets and liabilities depends in part on the expected return to various assets

8.0 Introduction The IS-LM model is an aggregate demand model which gives best interpretation of Keynesian short-run macroeconomic model. The model takes price level as exogenous variable and shows what determines national income. IS-curve defines equilibrium in the goods market. IS stands for investment and saving, therefore IS-curve represents what’s going on in the market

7.1 THE EFFECTS OF A SHIFT INAGGREGATE DEMAND Suppose that for some reason a wave of pessimism suddenly overtakes the economy. The cause might be a government scandal, a crash in the stock market or the outbreak of war overseas. because of this event; many people lose confidence in the future and alter their plans.

6.1 The model of aggregate supply and aggregate demand The amount of output depends on the economy’s ability to supply goods and services, which in turn depends on the supplies of capital and labour and on the available production technology. Flexible prices are crucial because prices adjust to ensure that the quantity of output demanded

3.1 Money demand The demand for money is the desired holding of financial assets in the form of money, that is, cash or bank deposit. It can refer to the demand for money narrowly defined as M1 (non-interest bearing holding) or for money in the broader sense of M2 or M3. 3.1.2 The classical view

2.1 Financial markets Financial market are institutions or arrangements that facilitate the exchange of financial assets, including deposits and loans, corporate stocks and bonds, government bonds, and more exotic instruments such as options and futures contracts. They are mechanism in our society for converting public savings into investments such as buildings, machinery, infrastructure and inventories

INTRODUCTION Money and banking are two subjects closely intertwined with our daily lives and with the very day functioning of our economy. On atypical day, you encounter money and banks in many firms like from the obvious contact made when you use shillings to buy lunch or go to the bank to withdraw funds to