March 16, 2022

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY University Examinations 2012/2013 FIVE YEAR FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE ABA 2504 : HUMAN SETTLEMENTS DATE: AUGUST 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE (COMPULSORY) AND ANY OTHER THREE QUESTIONS.   QUESTION ONE (a) Use different or same example of a settlement to discuss the influence of the following forces in its development: (i) Political. (ii) Ethnicity. (iii) Economy and social status. (iv) Industry/manufacture. [20 marks] (b) Discuss the Istanbul 1996 Declaration as per sustainable development. [10 marks] QUESTION TWO You are requested by the Vice Chancellor of this university to write for her a presentation to the larger Juja community development to convince them to adopt community development in housing and settlement as the best way forward. Outline any five points (key) in your speech writing. [25 marks] QUESTION THREE Explain: (a) The four stages in planning. (b) Advantages and disadvantages of master plan. Use the Nairobi master plan as an example. [25 marks] QUESTION FOUR Discuss John Turner’s: (a) Three basic needs that inform selection of settlement location and housing. (b) The poor people’s reaction to their improved economic status vis a vis housing improvement. (c) Concept of “housing”. [25 marks] QUESTION FIVE (a) Using Juja Town as an example, describe the advantages and disadvantages of relying on sectoral plan in Juja. [12 marks] (b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of action plan. [13 marks]

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY University Examinations 2012/2013 EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE ABA 2503: ARCHITECTURAL MANAGEMENT DATE: AUGUST, 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ALL Questions in Section A, Question 4 in Section B and either Question 5 or 6.   SECTION A Question One a) Explain five roles of managers in a modern organization. [5 marks] b) According to Taylor, there are several features that are applicable in scientific approach to management. Explain any five features in this approach. [10 marks] Question Two a) Explain the following theories of leadership. i. Traits theory ii. Bahaviour theory iii. Contingency theory iv. Path goal theory [12 marks] b) Explain five characteristics of a sound plan. [5 marks] Question Three a) Highlight THREE merits of man power planning. [3 marks] b) Explain FIVE benefits of worker empowerment in an organization. [5 marks] SECTION B: Answer Question FOUR and any other of your choice in this section Question Four a) Outline five principles of organizing in an enterprise. [5 marks] b) Discuss five steps that are important in training programme for employees in an organization. [5 marks] Question Five Discuss the following theories of management and state what a manager can learn from them. i. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory ii. McClelland’s achievement theory iii. Mc Gregor’s theory X and Y iv. Hertzberg’s theory [20 marks] Question Six The following balances were extracted from he books of a trader in town X as at 31 December 2008. Stock 40,000 Motor van 150,000 Fixtures and fittings 35,800 Buildings 250,000 Capital 230,000 5 year bank loan 154,000 Debtors 7,500 Bank 12,400 Creditors 10,500 Bank overdraft 11,000 3 years bank loan 94,500 Cash 4,300 Required: Extract a balance sheet as at 31st December 2008

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY University Examinations 2012/2013 FOURTH YEAR FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE ABA 2404: URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING DATE: AUGUST, 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: Answer Question ONE – Compulsory (30 marks). Choose any TWO other questions (20 marks)   Question ONE (30 marks) a) Differentiate physical planning from economic planning. [6 marks] b) The process of planning is a complex operation that demands a combined variety of skills and support. Discuss the contribution of the following professions. i. Architect [2.5 marks] ii. Land economist [2.5 marks] iii. Sociologist [2.5 marks] c) i. Define the term systems as it relates to urban planning. [2 marks] ii. Urban and Regional planning is today considered as a cyclic process. Discuss. [14.5 marks] Question Two (20 marks) a) Discuss the advantages of community action in planning. [4 marks] b) i. What is the primary objective of public participation. [4 marks] ii. Outline the circumstances that are conducive to the process of participation. [5 marks] c) Discuss the functions of the National Liaison Committee. [7 marks] Question Three (20 marks) a) What are the functions of the Director of physical planning. [4 marks] b) Outline the features that are considered common to both national and regional policy of a structure plan. [7 marks] c) Differentiate District plans from subject plans. [9 marks] Question Four (20 marks) a) Discuss the following components of land use planning: i. Employment [2 marks] ii. Infrastructural utilities [2 marks] iii. Education [2 marks] iv. Health services [2 marks] b) Differentiate Gross residential density from Net residential density. [5 marks] c) Outline the primary guidelines for site layout. [7 marks]

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2012/2013 THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE ABA 2304: BUILDING ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE (THERMAL) DATE: AUGUTS 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: 1. ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS 2. USE ILLUSTRATIONS AND EQUATIONS WHERE NECESSARY. QUESTION 1 (30 marks) a. Define the following terms i. Horizontal shadow angle ii. Vertical shadow angle iii. Altitude [3 marks] b. Jomo Kenyatta University has commissioned you to be the environmental expert for the design of their new campus in the centre of Mombasa City. Advise on how to handle solar heat gain or heat loss whichever you will deem appropriate. [15 marks] c. Explain how the following sun shading devices work i. Curtains and Drapes ii. Venetian Blinds iii. Cellular Shades [6 marks] d. Describe the body heat balance and its significance to human thermal comfort. [6 marks] QUESTION 2 (20 marks) a. Explain the five essential elements to passive solar design. [5 marks] b. With the aid of sketches illustrate the following with regard to passive solar heating; i. Thermosiphon Systems. [8 marks] ii. Batch System [7marks] QUESTION 3 (20 marks) a. What is your understanding of the following; i. Canopy layer heat island ii. Boundary layer heat island iii. Surface heat island [6 marks] b. List four environmental factors affecting thermal comfort. [4 marks] c. Assume that the outside air temperature is 320C with a relative humidity . Use the psychrometric chart (fig: 3.1) to determine the following; i. Specific humidity ii. Wet-bulb temperature Twb [6 marks]

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY University Examinations 2012/2013 FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE ABA 2204: MATERIALS SCIENCE II DATE: AUGUST, 2012 TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: • This paper contains SIX questions. • Answer ANY THREE Questions. • Marks are shown against each question.   Question One a) Lime is used as a stabilizing agent soil blocks. State THREE precautions that should be taken when handling lime. [4.5 marks] b) Discuss the mechanisms that take place when lime, as a stabilizing agent, and moist clay soil are mixed. [10 marks] c) Soil to be used for making soil blocks should be subjected to, and pass, TWO main preliminary tests. Outline these tests. [5.5 marks] Question Two a) Various fibres are used in the manufacture of cement-sand roofing tiles and roofing sheets. Outline the main improvements that these fibres bring into the cement-sand mixture. State THREE types of fibres that may be used. b) Discuss the mechanisms that take place when cement, as a st soil-stabilizing agent, is dispersed throughout a wet soil sample. [9 marks] c) Discuss THREE factors that determine the degree of compaction of stabilized soil blocks. [6 marks] Question Three a) State FOUR desirable properties that a good soil for making stabilized soil building blocks should have. [4 marks] b) In countries where the conventional preservation of timber is limited due to lack of facilities for pressure applications, sap displacement method becomes a suitable method for non-conventional preservative applications. Outline how this method works. [4 marks] c) Before the start of making stabilized soil blocks, TWO main categories of preparations are required. Discuss these preparations. [12 marks] Question Four a) State FOUR functions of mortar in wall constructed with stabilized soil blocks. [2 marks] b) State FIVE general precautions that should be observed when using cement-sand mortar. [5 marks] c) Cement-sand mortar may be prepared by either hand or machine mixing. Describe the hand mixing method. [9 marks] d) State FOUR essential properties of good mortar for use in stabilized-soil block walls. [4 marks] Question Five a) It has been said that “making good stabilized – soil blocks is an art.” Discuss the steps taken in order to produce good qualify stabilized-soil blocks. [16 marks] b) Outline the compression mechanisms that take place when soil is compressed in the soil block-making machine. [4 marks] Question Six a) Define the following terms as they apply in soil-based wall construction. i. Stabilized – soil block ii. Earth iii. Adobe iv. Rammed earth v. Poured earth [5 marks] b) With reference to a normal dwelling house, discuss the merits and limitations of earth or soil-based wall construction. [15 marks]

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2012/2013 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE ABA 0305: OFFICE PRACTICE AND MANAGEMENT DATE: AUGUST 2012 TIME: 1 ½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS QUESTION ONE a. List the FOUR aims of project management according to the PRINCE (projects in controlled Environment) method. [4 marks] b. Define the following i. Gantt chart [3 marks] ii. PERT [3 marks] c. You have been commissioned to install a bathroom sink at NIT washrooms. The following are the activities. Decorate ceiling, tile area, install basin/taps, obtain basin/taps, obtain tiles. i. Tabulate the activities and the events (ensuring a sequence is maintained) [5 marks] ii. Draw a network diagram for the project. [5 marks] iii. Assuming the activities take the following time in weeks, calculate the earliest finish time Decorate ceiling – 2 weeks Tile Area – 2 weeks Install basin/taps – 4 weeks Obtain basin/taps -10 weeks Obtain tiles – 4 weeks iv. Draw a PERT chart for the above project assuming a start date of Monday June 4, 2012 (1 week = 5 days (Monday to Friday) [5 marks] QUESTION TWO a. Define the following i. Bills of quantities or contract bills. [3 marks] ii. Final accounts. [3 marks] b. List THREE contract documents [3 marks] c. Explain contract variations. [6 marks] QUESTION THREE Explain the following tendering procedures outlining their merits and demerits i. Open Tendering [7 marks] ii. Selective Tendering [6 marks] QUESTION FOUR a. Outline some situations which will necessitate the Arthitect to suspend construction works b. Outline some general obligations of the contractor within a building contract. c. Outline some situations that would necessitate the termination of a building contract by the employer. [15 marks] QUESTION FIVE You have been asked to facilitate a committee meeting set out to explore the feasibility of setting up a student’s center at NIT. Explain the three key requirement for the meeting. [15 marks]

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY University Examinations 2012/2013 YEAR III SEMESTER V EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE ABA 0303: BUILDING SERVICES II DATE: AUGUST 2012 TIME: 1½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE (COMPULSORY) AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 a) i) Sketch a labeled circuit diagram to illustrate the component parts which constitute a complete active electric circuit. ii) Outline the basic function for each of the component parts for Q (a)(13 marks) b) i) State Ohm’s Law as applied to an active complete circuit. ii) Fig I represents an active network energized by a 15V battery. Determine the branch currents and voltage drops if the voltage drop across the 2Ω resitance is 2Vand the power dissipated in the 4Ω resistor is 16W as well as the values of resistor R1 and R2 resistors. (17 marks) QUESTION 2 Fig.2 illustrates the sketch of a typical house with luminaires in their approximate locations. Re-sketch the layout and: a) Indicate on the sketch the appropriate switches and their approximate locations.(14 marks) b) For the sitting room, corridor, wet areas and bedroom, draw individual labeled circuit diagrams to illustrate the switching arrangement and the respective controls. (6 marks) QUESTION 3 a) State the differences between a Consumer’s Unit and a Distribution Board as used in electrical services in buildings. (5 marks) b) Draw a labeled block diagram to illustrate the sequential connections of the principal component parts associated with the consumer’s intake points.(15 marks)   QUESTION 4 Draw labeled diagram to illustrate the electrical connections for: a) i) 1 No. 13A switched twin socket-outlet incorporating neon indicator lamps. ii) The two types of intermediate one – gang single-pole switches. (7 marks) b) 5 No. 13A unswitched socket –outlets installed as a ring-circuit incorporating 4No. spurs in the form of socket-outlets. (13 marks) QUESTION 5 a) State the component parts which constitute the: i) Basic cable ii) Enhanced cable (5 marks) b) Draw labeled diagram to illustrate the difference between: i) One-core basic cable and one-core enhanced cable ii) Two –core PVC enhanced cable and two-core PVC mineral insulated metal sheathed cable (9 marks) c) i) Draw basic sketches to illustrate the 5No. typical 20mm PVC conduit boxes. ii) State the basic function of the 20mm PVC conduits. (6 marks)

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY University Examinations 2012/2013 END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE ABA 0203: CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I DATE: AUGUST 2012 TIME: 1½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS USE CLEAR ILLUSTRATIONS IN EXPLAINING YOUR ANSWERS   QUESTION ONE (a) Explain The following i. Skeletal structures (5 mks) ii. Solid structures (5 mks) (b) Define and illustrate pile foundation (10 mks) (c) Explain ‘Resistance to Ground Moisture’ as a functional requirement for floors. (10 mks) QUESTION TWO (a) Explain the use of the following in a solid ground floor i. Hardcore (3 mks) ii. Blinding (3 mks) (b) Define timbering (3 mks) (c) Illustrate timbering in the following soil conditions i. Granular soils such as sand (3 mks) ii. Compact soils such as clays. (3 mks) QUESTION THREE (a) List six factors to consider when selecting a project site. (3 mks) (b) Illustrate two ways of reducing levels. (6 mks) (c) Briefly explain the storage of the following items in a site i. Cement, plaster and lime (3 mks) ii. Aggregate- sand and ballast (3 mks) QUESTION FOUR Illustrate the following roof pitches i. Butterfly roof (2 mks) ii. Symmetrical roof (2 mks) (b) Define the following i. Shoring (3 mks) ii. Scaffolding (3 mks) iii. Formwork (3 mks) (c) List four requirements for form work. (2 mks) QUESTION FIVE Before undertaking demolition, it is necessary to undertake a proper survey. Explain this statement outlining the items you will look for in such a survey. (15 mks)

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY University Examinations 2012/2013 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE ABA 0202 : PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT II (GEOLOGY) DATE: AUGUST 2012 TIME: 1½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE (COMPULSORY) AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS.   QUESTION ONE (30 MARKS) (a) With the aid of a diagram, describe the constituent parts of the earth. [6 marks] (b) Explain the following branches of geology: [10 marks] (i) Structural geology. (ii) Engineering geology. (iii) Petrology. (iv) Economic geology. (v) Sendimentology. (c) Describe the mode of formation of the three major types of rocks and give an example in each. [10 marks] (d) What are the geo-environmental factors that affect land use? [4 marks] QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS) (a) Give an outline of geological processes affecting man-made features. [6 marks] (b) Outline three types of chemical weathering. [3 marks] (c) Define the following terms: (i) Earth movement. [2 marks] (ii) Faulting. [2 marks] (iii) Folding. [2 marks] QUESTION THREE (20 MARKS) (a) Outline three sources of ground water. [3 marks] (b) Write short notes on the following types of acquifer: (i) Perched acquifer. [2 marks] (ii) Confined acquifer. [2 marks] (iii) Unconfined acquifer. [2 marks] (c) Explain what you understand by the term: (i) Vulcanicity. [2 marks] (ii) Dimension stone. [2 marks] (iii) Extrusive volcanic features and give an example. [2 marks] QUESTION FOUR (20 MARKS) (a) Discuss four important properties of assessing the suitability of construction materials. [8 marks] (b) With the aid of a diagram, discuss the vertical sequence in soil profile. [7 marks] QUESTION FIVE (20 MARKS) (a) What do you understand by the term “a seismic activity”? [2 marks] (b) Outline three bases of classifying earthquakes and give an example in each case. [6 marks] (c) Outline two major causes of earthquakes. [2 marks] (d) Discuss five effects of earthquakes. [5 marks]  

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY University Examinations 2012/2013 THIRD SEMESTER EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE ABA 0201: PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT DATE: AUGUST, 2012 TIME: 1hr 30min INSTRUCTIONS: Answer ANY THREE Questions.   Question One a) Define: i. Ecology [2 marks] ii. Autecology [2 marks] iii. Synecology [2 marks] b) i. Outline five main objectives of ecological study. [5 marks] ii. Outline three identifiable subdivision of scale that are of a particular interest in ecology. [3 marks] c) Discuss approaches as used to address ecological problems and show how an Architect can employ them in the building industry. i. Behavioral ecology ii. Psychological ecology iii. Evolutionary ecology [6 marks] Question Two a) i. Define biogeochemistry. [2 marks] ii. Why is biogeochemistry important in architecture. [3 marks] iii. State three basic components of ecosystems. [3 marks] b) i. The extent of input and output environment varies extremely and depends upon several variables. Using sketch discuss how the variables can be used by Architect in designing a building that would be sustainable for longer periods. [8 marks] ii. Define biotic components [2 marks] iii. State the types of abiotic components. [2 marks] Question Three a) Define the following as used in ecology. i. Adaptation ii. Fitness iii. Genotype and phenotype [6 marks] b) Discus the following phrases as used in coping with the environmental variation in ecology for Architects. i. Conditions [2 marks] ii. Resources [2 marks] iii. Environmental variation [2 marks] iv. Internal regulation [2 marks] v. Homeostasis [2 marks] c) i. What is a habitat [2 marks] ii. What do you understand by fundamental niche. [2 marks] Question Four a) Define: i. Solar radiation ii. Rain iii. Trade winds [6 marks] b) Discuss: i. Local variations in climate [2 marks] ii. Temperature profiles [4 marks] c) An architect would require ecological information when carrying out climatic analysis for his architectural projects. Discuss any climatic conditions that would be taken into consideration. Show you architectural response. Use sketches where necessary. [8 marks] Question Five a) Discuss the following concepts as they relate to population ecology. i. Population [4 marks] ii. Population size [2 marks] iii. Age and structure [4 marks] b) What do you understand by the following? i. The community [2 marks] ii. Guilds [2 marks] iii. Community boundaries [3 marks] c) Discuss communities and populations in architecture. [3 marks]

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY University Examinations 2012/2013 EXAMINATIONS FOR THE DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE ABA 0104: HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE II DATE: AUGUST 2012 TIME: 1 ½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS USE CLEAR SKETCHES IN ILLUSTRATING YOUR ANSWERS QUESTION ONE a. Explain the Art Deco movement. (15 marks) b. Explain the symbolism of Egyptian pyramids. (15 marks) QUESTION TWO a. List three building inventions of the Romans. (3 marks) b. Explain the Roman colosseum. (12 marks) QUESTION THREE Answer question (a) or (b) a. Describe the term modern Architecture noting its characteristics. (15 marks) b. Explain post modern architecture elaborating how it was a departure from modern Architecture. (15 marks) QUESTION FOUR Explain the five points of modern architecture according to Le Corbusier and as exhibited in the villa Savoy. (15 marks) QUESTION FIVE Explain the Bauhaus school of Architecture outlining its key characteristics as exemplified in the Bauhaus Building. (15 marks)

W1-2-60-1-6 JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2012/2013 EXAMINATION FOR THE DIPLOMA IN ARCHITECTURE ABA 0103: WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY DATE: AUGUST 2012 TIME: 1 ½ HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS QUESTION ONE a. Outline FOUR advantages of seasoned timber. [4 marks] b. Using sketches illustrate the following tools i. Spirit level ii. Mason’s square iii. Coping saw iv. Tenon saw [8 marks] c. State by giving examples how the following factors contribute to causes of accidents in a workshops i. Poor work habit and attitude ii. Unsafe behaviour iii. Insufficient skills [9 marks] d. i. State THREE advantages of blockwork over brickwork. 3 marks] ii. Briefly describe the term ‘bonding’ as applied to masonry and state THREE reasons for its use. [6 marks] e. i. Illustrate with sketches the following seasoning defects in timber 1. Twist 2. Bowing 3. Cupping [6 marks] ii. Briefly describe the following terms; 1. Setting out 2. Building line [4 marks] QUESTON TWO a. Illustrate using sketches the following methods of timber conversion and give one advantage of each i. Slash sawing ii. Quarter sawing iii. Tangential sawing [6 marks] b. Name THREE timber products that are widely used in the building industry. [6 marks] c. Use sketches to illustrate the following shaper which can be cut from bricks i. Queen closer ii. King closer iii. Beveled closer [3 marks] d. Sketch and label a straight profit as used in setting out. [5 marks] QUESTION THREE a. Describe THREE ways of establishing ‘right-angles’ when setting out rectangular buildings. [7 marks] b. Illustrate using labeled sketches; the following methods of leveling sloppy sites i. Cut ii. Cut and fill [5 marks] c. i. Briefly describe the manufacture of plywood ii. Outline the advantages of plywood over similarly sized ordinary timber. [8 marks] QUESTION FOUR a. Illustrate using sketches; the 1st and 2nd course layouts in Flemish bond as used in brickwork. [8 marks] b. Briefly describe a ‘stretcher bond’ as used in brickwork. [3 marks] c. State any three items that should be provided to workers as per the factory act under the following headings; i. Safety ii. Health iii. Welfare [9 marks] QUESTION FIVE a. State FOUR safety and layout requirements of a workshop. [4 marks] b. i. Briefly explain the content of the factory Act (Cap 154 1972) [2 marks] ii. Give THREE roles of a safety officer. [3 marks] c. i. State three differences between Hardwood and Softwood. [6 marks] ii. Draw a cross-section of the trunk of a tree and label its main parts. [5 marks]